Lesson video

Hello, I'm Mr. Marsh.

And welcome to this spelling lesson.

Now I was just speaking to one of the other teachers and they said to me, "Oh, you look really happy today." And I said, "Yeah, I'm feeling really hopeful".

And they said to me, "Well, do you know a great way to describe that is that you're feeling really optimistic?" And I thought, "You're absolutely right." Being hopeful about my day is being optimistic about my day.

So I thought that's a great way to describe it.

Anyway, I just thought I'd share that with you before we start the spelling lesson.

Now in today's spelling lesson, we are going to do an investigation.

Now it may be an investigation where it might be a bit of revision for you.

You might already know some of these rules from looking at it in your earlier years in school.

Because today we are going to look at suffixes and plurals when we talk about suffixes.

So we're going to look how we make nouns plural.

If you're ready to start the lesson then let's begin.

Now, before we begin the lesson properly, I just want to run through the agenda for today's lesson.

So we are going to look at some key vocabulary.

That's going to really help us with our understanding in this lesson, for all the things that we're going to investigate and discuss.

And the next part of the lesson, we're going to carry out an investigation and generate some rules for plural suffixes.

So when we use different suffixes to make nouns plural.

Now like I said, some of that may be revision to you.

But actually it's great to revise things because it helps us really remember them.

So that we can always just recall those things very clearly in our mind.

Now the final thing we're going to do in this lesson is set some spelling words based on our investigation.

Based on the rules that we have been looking at throughout the lesson.

Now in this lesson, you're definitely going to need something to write on.

So make sure you've got an exercise book or some paper you're going to need a pen or a pencil.

So something to write with that brain of yours is going to need to be engaged as well.

So if you need to go and get any of those things, then please go and do that for me now.

Great, off you go.

So like I said, the first thing we're going to do in this lesson is to look at some key vocabulary 'cause this vocabulary is going to really help with our understanding.

As we go through the lesson.

Now to introduce this vocabulary, I'm going to do something called my turn, your turn.

So when I point at myself, I'm going to say the word.

And then when I point at you, I want you to repeat it after me.

Okay, let's give it a go.

Suffix.

So a suffix is a group of letters at the end of a word that change its meaning.

And the suffix is we're going to be looking at today, are plural suffixes.

Noun.

A noun is a person, a place or a thing.

Singular.

So singular is one thing.

I'm a singular person at the moment because I am sat on my own in my classroom.

Plural.

So plural is more than one thing.

So if there were lots of other teachers in this classroom with me, then that would be plural because there'd be more than one teacher.

They wouldn't just be Mr. Marsh, they'd be many teachers.

Okay, your turn.

Can you remember what each of these definitions were for our lesson today and our key vocabulary? So we had a group of letters at the end of the word that changes meaning.

What was that? Did you remember that was a suffix? Good.

A person, place or thing.

What was that? Come on, I can't hear you.

What was it? A noun great.

One thing, one thing.

Did you remember? Well, that was singular.

So if one thing is singular then more than one thing was? Plural, okay, great.

That's our key vocabulary for the lesson.

And next vocabulary is going to really help with our understanding.

We're now going to look at vowels.

Do you remember what vowels are? Well, you might remember the vowels as the vowels that we have of a, e, i, o, u and they actually make short vowel sounds.

And we'll look at what those vowel sounds are in a second.

But you also have some long vowel sounds where there's maybe more than one letter.

So let's have a look at some of those short vowel sounds.

So you might know and recognise the letters a, e, i, o, u but they make short snappy sounds when we actually say them.

So a, e, i, o, u but then sometimes we get longer vowel sounds.

And now there are so many of these.

These are just a few.

So we have ay, ee, igh, oa and u_e.

So we might have short vowel sounds in a word like pig it's just got /i/ in the middle of it.

Or clap has got that /a/ sound in the middle of clap.

And sometimes we have those long vowel sounds like pain.

You've got the longest stretch /ai/ sound, and you've got that stretch /o/ sound here as a stretch /oa/ sound of boast.

You can hear that boast has a stretched sound.

We're now going to move on to investigate and generate some rules about those plural suffixes that I said is the main focus of this lesson.

Now I think you may have looked at this through your time in school.

So some of this may be revision for you, but it's really important to revise things regularly because that really helps us put it into our brains and remember it in the long term.

So there's no harm in revising things regularly.

Let's begin our investigation and let's generate some of these rules.

So quick recap.

Remember singular is one thing, but plural is many things.

So here I have one egg, but I have many eggs.

What do you notice? How have I changed it from singular to plural? One egg.

Many eggs.

What's happened? So I've got my noun egg.

That's my thing.

How have I made it plural? Well, we added an so egg became eggs.

So here I've got one balloon and I've got many balloons.

How do you think? And again, this might be revision for you.

How do I change the now balloon from singular to plural by adding a suffix to it? What do you think? So did you just add an s? Because balloon singular, well, this now I just add an s.

So generally to make a noun plural, you add an s to it.

Balloon becomes balloons.

I have one balloon.

I have many balloons.

So this I'm sure it's a bit of recap for you that often to make a noun plural, you just add an s.

So it's now your turn to have a go at trying to do that rule for turning this singular nouns shirt, book and yacht into plurals.

If you need to pause the video, or if not, just have a think to yourself, how am I going to change this singular nouns to plural nouns? Great, off you go.

So remember our rule, we need to add s to make these single nouns plural.

So shirt becomes shirts.

Book becomes, so I have one book, becomes many books and yacht as in a boat while one yacht becomes many yachts.

So we add an s the suffix s makes these words plural.

These nouns plural.

Your turn, pause the video have a go for these for me too.

We have sandal, chocolate and soldier.

How did you get on? Well, sandal add an s, chocolate add an s.

I had one chocolate I had many chocolates.

Soldier out an s, there was one soldier.

There were many soldiers.

So to turn it from single into plural we add an s.

What's the rule? What was it? Yes, add the s suffix to the singlar noun to form the plural.

Great, and I'm sure that's probably some revision for you.

So we're now going to look at a second rule.

And here, I know this looks like singular one thing coin and plural coins, but actually, I want you to think of that as a penny.

So we have singular one thing, penny.

We have many thing pennies.

This is a slightly different rule because penny ends in a y.

Pennies, or what have I done? What'd you notice has happened to change penny singular, one thing into pennies.

What'd you notice? So did you notice then, that you take off the y and add i, and then add es.

So here one thing, city.

Well, city ends in a y how am I going to make that plural? What do you think? If it's many cities.

How do I make that plural? So one city becomes many cities.

You take off the y add add an i, and then add es.

So our second rule for making a noun, plural it's suffixes.

Is if your singular noun ends in y.

You changed the y to an i, then you add es.

So can you match each of these? We have variety.

Well, variety ends in y that becomes varieties.

Take off the y and add the i, and then add es.

An opportunity, opportunity becomes opportunities.

Take off the y add an i, and then add the suffix es.

Now it's your turn.

Can you change community? So community, if I think about my local community, that's all the people living around and controversy will do my turn your turn for that.

Controversy.

So you might talk about something being controversial.

So controversy is something that maybe not everyone agrees with.

Maybe it's caused a bit a stir something that's happened.

So there might be some controversial decision that not everyone agrees with.

And maybe of course, some arguments.

How do I change community and controversy from singular nouns into plural nouns.

Pause the video and have a go for me now.

How did you get on? Well, remember you need to remove the y and add an i, and then add es.

So community becomes communities.

I live in a community.

There are many communities in my area.

Controversy.

You take off the y add an i and then add es.

It caused controversy.

There were many controversies.

So what's the rule? If my singular noun out ends in y, i remove the y change to an i, and then add es, great.

Let's just do a quick recap.

So, so far, we've had a quick look that one of the rules, and generally to change a singular noun into a plural noun.

We just add an s.

But we've just looked at if your noun ends in a y, then you remove the y change it for an i, and then add es.

So we've looked at two rules so far.

Here's another rule I've got thief.

So one thief and many thieves.

How has this noun changed from singular to plural? What do you think? So we've removed f and then added ves.

So another rule is if your noun ends in f you just add ves.

S so thief, one thief became many thieves.

So scarf ends in an f.

So scarf becomes scarves, remove the f and then add ves.

And half, well, I have one half, or it's many halves.

So I have one half of pizza.

Or I have many halves of pizza.

So we remove the f and then add ves.

Now, your turn, we have a loaf as in a loaf of bread or a calf as in a young cow.

How do I go from singular noun, loaf and calf to plural nouns.

Remember what we've just looked at? Great, pause the video, have a go.

How did you get on? Loaf becomes loaf Mr. Marsh done that the wrong way around.

Let's start with calf.

So calf, remove the f and then add ves.

So one calf, many calves.

And loaf becomes from one loaf to many loaves of bread.

So remove the f and then add ves.

What's the rule? If my noun ends in f, come on let's try it together.

If my noun ends in f I remove the f and add ves to make it plural.

Great, so we've got three rules so far.

Let's quickly recap what they are.

So generally to make an noun plural, we add s to the end of it.

But if the noun ends in y, then we change the y to an i, and then add es or if my noun ends in f I remove the f and then add ves.

So, far we've looked at three ways of using plural suffixes to change a noun from singular into plural.

So here's a word for you.

Muscle.

Do you think I just add an s change the y at the end of my noun into an i and add an es, or do I change the f at the end of my noun and add ves? How do I make one muscle to many muscles? What do you think? Well here, I just add an s because my noun doesn't end in a y and it doesn't end in an f.

So I just add an s.

Here's another one for you.

Secretary.

Pause the video if you want some time to think, how do I make it from one secretary into many secretaries.

So secretary is someone who works in an office and does a lot of that really important administrative work, maybe answering calls, doing lots of paperwork and doing really important things in an office.

How do I make one secretary into many secretaries? Well, it ends in y, doesn't it? So I remove the y add an i, and then add es.

One secretary, many secretaries.

Here is another one for you.

Yourself.

So, which rule is this going to follow changing from singular to plural, to go from yourself to yourselves? What'd you think? Well, it ends in f, doesn't it? So I need to remove the f and then add ves.

So yourself becomes yourselves.

Now, sometimes though, there are no clear rules to follow for plurals, and we call these irregular plurals.

I'll say it irregular, your turn.

So sometimes these irregular plurals don't follow the rules, the three rules that we've just looked at.

So we might have singular one thing and plural many things.

Now you're probably wondering.

Hey, how do a wasp or a bee have anything to do with this telephone mast? Well, we're talking about, do you know what wasps and bees and many insects on them? Well, they have antennae.

So one antenna or many antennae.

Look at Mr. Marsh making a fool of himself.

That's okay.

Because we're learning about irregular plurals, one antenna, many antennae or more than one.

So you can see here, this doesn't follow our rules because my to make it plural, I add ae at the end, sorry added e so antenna becomes antennae.

So we can have irregular plurals.

So here's a couple of examples.

I have one formula.

So you might think I must have a formula in science I have a formula, but I have many formulae.

So add an e to make it plural.

I have one woman and I have many women.

So that doesn't follow my rules either because I have to change the an to en.

So it's an irregular plural.

Now it's your turn with these irregular.

So let's see if you can remember how, if I've got one man.

What's the plural of one man.

How do I make that plural? And then tooth.

I've got one tooth.

How do I make that plural? Pause the video, have a go.

So one man.

Oh, Mr. Marsh has done it again.

Let's start with tooth, I have one tooth.

We have many teeth.

And one man, what is many men? So these are irregular plurals.

So they don't follow those three rules that we investigated earlier in the lesson.

So what's this rule? Well, this rule is that there are no rules for irregular plurals.

These, we just have to learn.

I'm going to set some spelling words that look at those different plural suffixes and the rules that we've been learning today.

So if you haven't already been writing things down, this is the time I definitely want you to write things down because what I want to do is to copy our spelling words for this week very carefully.

So you can go away, you can use all those spelling practise strategies, and you can learn your spelling words for this week.

Let's have a look at our spelling words.

So there are 10 spelling words, and I'm going to go through each and every one of them.

So you understand what they mean.

And we can then be really clear about what words we need to learn.

We're going to do my turn, your turn at the start of each one.

Languages.

So here, we've got plural.

I speak many languages.

And there has got that ua in the middle of some of my sort of longer vowel sound in the middle of this word.

That's kind of one of the trickier parts of this word.

Individuals.

So, individuals well that follows that rule that we've looked at just add an s.

So, we have one individual or many individuals.

I was talking about many people.

I have neighbours.

So I have one neighbour.

I have many neighbours.

So again, this follows that rule of, we add an s to the end of the noun to make it plural.

Communities.

So we've talked about this already.

You might have one community.

You might talk about your local community, but your whole area might be made up of many different communities and lots of groups of people.

Identities.

So I talk about my identity, so singular, but if I talk about lots of people there, I talk about all of their identities.

So there becomes plural.

Opportunities.

Well, opportunities.

I talk about one opportunity, which ends in a y.

So that follows this rule.

That if it ends in y my noun, then I remove the y add an i and then add es.

So opportunity, I have an opportunity that singular becomes many opportunities.

Wharves.

Let's try that one again, that's a tricky one, isn't it? Wharves.

Well wharves I might talk about a singular Wharf and a Wharf is often associated with maybe by the sea.

It's like an area where you can like walk along often might be like a wooden planks.

It might describe it as like a Wharf or maybe in a river.

So often we associate it with that.

Now Wharf I'm talking about is W-H-A-R-F.

So this follows the rule of if it ends in f we remove the f and then add ves to make it plural.

Themselves.

Sorry, let's try that again, themselves.

Well, the singular here is themself.

He might say or he thinks of himself or they think of themselves.

So we've gone from single to plural.

So this follows the rule that themself singular noun ends in an f remove the f and then add ves.

Indices.

So we might talk about a single indice.

So that might be like looking at like some data and some information.

Thinking about maybe like, it comes and relates to the word index.

So you think about a list of things that provides information and here we have plural indices.

So like I said, it's got, the idea comes, follows that word index.

So like a list of information, but we have a single index.

We have many indices.

Formulae.

So again, this is one of those irregular verbs that we looked at already in the lesson.

So I have a single formula, I have many formulae.

So remember a formula is maybe like a recipe.

You could describe as in science I have a formula.

Formula might be the things that I mixed together to make something else.

Or in math, a formulae is something that kind of describes and explains something, maybe a rule about something.

So if I have one formula, I have many formulae.

And quickly go back.

Because what I want you to do now is I want you to pause the video.

And I want you to carefully copy down each and every one of those spellings.

'Cause you need to copy it carefully so that when you're practising it this week and over the next sort of week or so that you are actually copying the correct spelling.

So pause the video for me now and make sure you've copied them all down correctly.

Okay, go.

Congratulations.

Well, that brings us pretty much to the end of our lesson, but before we finish the lesson, I just want to recap what we've done.

We've looked at some key vocabulary.

So we looked at suffix noun, singular and plural.

Which all helped us all the way through this lesson without understanding it.

It's been kind of a revision, a recap lesson about suffixes and plural suffixes.

And we've reminded ourselves of what those rules are for changing a singular noun into a plural noun.

And we've looked at some irregular nouns and how maybe they don't quite follow the three main rules that we looked at.

And then we set some spelling words.

So we need take those spelling words away, use some spelling practise strategies and practise little, maybe 10, 15 minutes a day, but often.

Because that is how we're going to become really effective spellers.

So well done.

That brings us to the end of this lesson.

You've completed it.

I think you've worked really hard.

I hope you enjoyed it.

I know I really have.

Goodbye.