Hi, everybody, I'm Ms. Gardner, and welcome to today's handwriting lesson.

In today's lesson, we're going to be practising our cursive handwriting whilst writing sentences which contain words that we really want to emphasise.

I really hope you enjoy today's lesson.

So let's get started.

Your learning outcome for today's lesson is to show emphasis in your writing using a number of strategies.

Let's start by looking at the keywords.

We'll do my turn, your turn.

Emphasis.

This is making certain words or phrases stand out by using different techniques to highlight their importance.

Capital letter.

This is the uppercase formation of a letter.

Exclamation mark.

A punctuation mark used to express strong emotion.

Underline.

Drawing a line beneath a word or phrase to emphasise it in a piece of writing.

Repetition.

Using a word or phrase more than once in order to emphasise a point.

So there are three sections of our lesson today.

In the first, we'll be doing a handwriting warmup.

Then we'll be looking at capital letters and exclamation marks to emphasise words.

And then we'll be looking at underlining and word repetition to emphasise words.

So let's start with our warmup.

Before we start, what are these pictures reminding you to do? Pause the video now.

Okay, so the first picture is reminding us to be sat on a chair and at a table or a desk, to have our feet flat on the floor, and our back against the chair.

The second picture is reminding you to angle your paper correctly.

So if you're right-handed, the paper angles slightly to the left.

If you're left-handed, the paper angles slightly to the right, and then your non-writing hand is supporting you by keeping the paper still.

And then finally, the third picture is reminding you to hold your pen or pencil in the tripod grip.

Before starting to write, it's really important to warm up your hands and your wrist muscles just like you would warm up your muscles before a sports match.

Your hands and wrists will get stronger the more you exercise them.

So warming up your hands before writing will help to improve your handwriting.

And making your hands stronger, will help to speed up your handwriting.

So I'm going to choose and do a hand and wrist warmup, and then you are going to have a go.

Let's have a go at doing the finger touch warmup.

I'm going to have a go first, and then you'll be able to have a go afterwards.

So with the finger touch warmup, you're going to put your hands like this, open like this, and you're going to imagine you've got some Play-Doh on your thumb, resting on your thumb.

Then you're going to touch the Play-Doh with your first finger, then your next finger, then your next, then your little finger.

And then you can go backwards, little finger first this time, then this finger, then this finger, then this finger, imagining you're touching that Play-Doh.

You can go a little bit faster if you want to.

Back.

Touching it again.

And let's get your other hand.

This time you are imagining the Play-Doh to be on your other thumb.

And you're gonna touch the Play-Doh with your first finger, then your next, then your next, then your next, then backwards.

There, touch, touch.

And then you can get really fun.

You can do both hands together.

Little fingers.

First fingers.

And then backwards.

Okay, it's your turn.

You need to now choose either your right hand, your left hand, or both hands; it doesn't matter.

Choose which hand you want to start with.

Imagine your Play-Doh on your thumb, and then start touching it with each finger on the Play-Doh, pressing it down.

Backwards.

Maybe get both hands this time, touching each finger on the imaginary Play-Doh.

I hope you can imagine the Play-Doh there and the texture of the Play-Doh that's quite soft.

You're pushing down on it.

A really good way to warm up your fingers ahead of handwriting.

Great job.

Let's use the wiper wrist technique to warm up for handwriting.

This is a really good technique because not only does it warm up your wrists but it also is a great chance to use your imagination.

So you are going to imagine your wrists are your windscreen wipers.

You are in a car, so you can imagine you are in a bus, or a taxi, or a car, or a van, whatever, and you're driving wherever you want to drive, but it is pouring with rain.

And it's not very easy to see if you're driving and there's rain splattering on the windscreen, so we need to use windscreen wipers.

So we're going to imagine our hands are windscreen wipers, and we're going to wave them left and right, speeding it up a little bit, because the rain's getting harder, to wipe the windscreen clear so that we can see.

So now, your turn.

Get your hands ready, pretend they're windscreen wipers, and let's start wiping the screen clean.

Slowly, and then the rain's getting harder, so we're gonna speed up, speed up, speed up, and slow down again.

Now your wrists should be feeling really warmed up and ready for some handwriting.

Great job! Okay, another great thing to do before handwriting is to practise writing patterns, as this helps us to prepare for writing and for joining letters.

You can see these writing patterns on the screen will require similar hand and wrist movements to cursive handwriting.

So I'm going to choose a writing pattern to do in the air with my finger, and then you are going to have a go.

The first one that I'm going to do looks like lots of the letter F's joined together, doesn't it? So starting with a lead in loop and then a down loop, and then a lead in loop, and then a lead out down loop, lead in loop, lead out loop.

And then the next one almost looks sort of like lowercase e's joined together, although it's a bit squash, not quite formed correctly.

So starting at the bottom and then forming my loops, really trying to keep a smooth flowing movement.

Your turn.

You're going to choose a writing pattern to do in the air with your finger.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Well done.

It's time for task A.

You need to copy and continue these patterns using your tripod grip.

Remember, don't lift your pen or pencil off the page when you're forming the pattern, and really focus on keeping the movement smooth and flowing.

Pause the video now.

Off you go.

Okay, well done.

Have a think.

Were you using your tripod grip? Did you keep your pencil on the page? Was your movement smooth? I'm sure you all did really well.

Great job! Okay, we've done our warmup, so now it is time for the second part of our lesson where we are looking at emphasising using capital letters and exclamation marks.

So writing with emphasis is like using a spotlight to make certain words or phrases stand out from the rest of the text or the rest of the sentence.

It helps us show what's most important or exciting in our writing.

Let's have a look at some examples of how words could be emphasised.

The weather is very hot.

Which word stands out to you in this sentence and why? It's the word very, doesn't it? Because every other word is in black, but very is in green, so it's standing out.

Stop tapping your foot! Here, the word stop is emphasised by being in bold.

She was so happy to see her dog.

So happy is underlined and in italics, which means that we really want those words to be emphasised.

She is so happy, not just quite happy, she is so happy.

So these examples show how we can show emphasis using bold, italics, so when the letters are slanted, underline, and colour when you're typing.

And we can also show emphasis in our handwriting.

Why is it useful to show emphasis in your writing? Pause the video now and have a think or to discuss this with your partner or class or whoever you're with.

Okay, why is it useful to show emphasis in your handwriting? Using emphasis allows us to show feelings.

It lets the reader know how we really feel about something.

And emphasising helps the reader understand what's important in our writing.

So checking for understanding: Which word could you add emphasis to in this sentence to add importance? Stop drinking the water.

Which word would you want to emphasise? Pause the video now.

So putting the word "stop" in capital letters and in green shows the importance of that action.

It's really important that whoever's drinking the water needs to stop.

So by using capital letters and colour, now the word stop really stands out from the rest of the sentence.

So here is a sentence written with emphasis: Do not forget your keys.

How is the emphasis being shown here? Pause the video now and discuss this with your partner or your class or have a think about it yourself.

Okay, so in this sentence the words "do" and "not" are being emphasised by being written in capital letters.

And it's not just the first letter of the word, D, which always is capitalised, but every letter in both words is capitalised.

Let us look closely at the whole sentence.

So the words "do" and "not" are in capital letters.

This emphasises to the reader that it is very important that the keys are not forgotten.

When writing words in capital letters, the letters are formed separately and do not join together.

The other words in the sentence have a lead in and lead out and I use normal cursive handwriting.

The letter formation, sizing and spacing are correct.

Therefore, the sentence is legible.

We can read it.

The first, second, and third cursive letter joins are used in this sentence in the words "forget your keys." "Do" and "not" are not joined together, so there are no cursive joins.

Here is another sentence written with emphasis: Watch out for the glass.

How is the emphasis being shown here? Pause the video now and discuss this with your partner.

So here we're using an exclamation mark.

Let's look closely.

The sentence ends with an exclamation mark.

This punctuation mark expresses to the reader that there is emotion attached, suggesting that the glass is dangerous.

The exclamation mark goes at the end of the sentence.

And there is a capital letter at the beginning of the sentence as always, because it is the beginning of the sentence.

But the capital letter does not join to the next letter in the letter string.

So the letter W is not joined to the letter A in "watch." Instead, the letter after the capital letter has a lead in from the line.

The letter formation, sizing, and spacing are correct.

And in this sentence, the first, second, and third cursive letter joins are used.

I wonder if you can spot all three.

Let's practise writing with emphasis.

I'm making sure I'm comfortably, my pen is in the tripod grip.

Before I write my sentences, I need to check where I'm going to be using capital letters and which punctuation, so full stop or exclamation mark.

And then, thinking about keeping my pen flowing as smoothly as I can as I connect the letters.

So my first sentence is do not forget your keys.

Do not is being emphasised using capital letters, so I'm going to write those first.

Remember, we don't join the capital letters together.

We wanna think carefully about our spacing.

We don't want the letters to be too far apart from each other.

"Do not." And now we can start joining.

So we'll start the word forget, F, with a lead in.

Crossing my T after I finished the word.

Really trying to keep my x-height letters the same size.

I'm not going too far down for with descender letters.

Then it's a full stop.

Now I'm going to write watch out for the glass! And we need to remember to use our exclamation mark at the end of the sentence.

So back to the margin, capital letter, which we don't join to the next letter.

So we start with a lead in on the baseline, cross our T.

Watch out for the, crossing the T after you finish the rest of the word, glass, loop to descender, finishing with a lead out on the line, and then an exclamation mark.

We don't want the dot in the exclamation mark to be too big.

Great! Checking for understanding, which of the following is an example of using emphasis in writing? A, writing in all lowercase letters.

B, Using capital letters to highlight a word.

And C, writing long sentences with many commas.

Pause the video now.

That's right! It is B: using capital letters to highlight a word and make it stand out.

Good job! It's time for task B.

You need to write the following sentences using capital letters to show emphasis.

Do not forget your keys.

And, stop playing football.

Remember, when you're writing the words that are capitalised and in capital letters, you do not join the capital letters together.

Then, write the following sentences using exclamation marks to show emphasis.

Watch out for the glass! And, congratulations on your graduation! Pause the video now and off you go.

Okay, well done everybody! I hope you enjoyed that.

Have a look at the sentences you just wrote.

How do they compare to the examples on the screen? Did you form the capital letters separately? Did you remember to add the lead-ins and the lead-outs? And is your writing legible? Can everyone read it? If you need to make any edits to these two sentences, pause the video now and off you go doing that.

Well done everybody! Good job.

Okay, it's time for the third part of the lesson where we are going to be using word repetition and underlining words for emphasis.

So here is another sentence written with emphasis.

That was a big mistake.

How is the emphasis being shown here? Discuss this with your partner, your class, whoever you're with.

So in this sentence, the word "big" is being emphasised with an underline.

So the word "big" is underlined, which highlights its importance.

The reader then becomes aware of how big this mistake was.

Only the word that is being emphasised is underlined.

No other words are emphasised.

There is a capital letter at the beginning of the sentence because it's the start of the sentence.

And the capital letter does not join to the next letter in the letter string.

So you can see the letter T is not joined to the letter H.

The letter after the capital letter has a lead in.

The letter formation, sizing, and spacing are correct, and therefore the sentence is legible.

We can read it.

In this sentence, the first, second, and third cursive letter joins are used.

Can you spot them all? Okay, here is another sentence written with emphasis.

The book was very, very interesting.

How is the emphasis being shown here? Pause the video now and discuss this with your partner or your class.

Okay, here the word "very" is repeated, which is an example of emphasis.

So the word "very" is written twice, with a comma between the words.

By repeating the word, the writer is placing emphasis on how interesting the book was.

It's not just interesting; it's very, very interesting.

There is a capital letter at the beginning of the sentence for the word "The." And the capital letter does not join to the next letter in the letter string.

The letter after the capital letter has a lead in.

All of the other words have a lead in and a lead out.

And the letter formation, sizing, and spacing are all correct.

Therefore, the sentence is legible.

Let's practise writing with emphasis.

We're going to write that was a big mistake, underlining the word "big," and then we're going to write the book was very, very interesting, so repeating the word "very." I'm making sure I'm sitting comfortably, and my pen is in the tripod grip.

I'm going to look at the sentence before and check which words need underlining and which punctuation I need to include.

And then I'm thinking about joining, and I'm only going to take my pen off the page once the letter string is complete.

So our first sentence is that was a big mistake.

So as always, starting my sentence with a capital letter, not joining T to H, so lead in.

Go back and cross my T afterwards.

That was, lead out on the S, a big, now we're underlining "big" because we're emphasising it.

So I'll dot my I first and then I'll neatly underline it.

That was a big mistake.

Go back and dot my I and cross my T.

It's the end of the sentence, so I need a full stop.

Okay, my next sentence: The book was very, very interesting.

Starting with a capital T for "The." I take my pen off the page, and then lead in because we're not joining T to H.

The book, lead out, was very.

And then it's a comma to separate the two words that are repeated or the repeated word, very, to show just how interesting it is.

Interesting, lead in.

And finishing with a loop descender.

Then I go back and dot my I's and cross my T's.

It's the end of the sentence, so we need a full stop.

Great! Checking for understanding.

Can you spot the mistake with the formation of this sentence? Pause the video now.

What was the mistake? That's right.

There should be a comma between the two words that are repeating.

Well done! It's time for task C.

First, you need to write the following sentences using underlining to show emphasis.

That was a big mistake.

And, the treasure map was under the table.

Then, you'll write the following sentences using word repetition to show emphasis.

The book was very, very interesting.

And, he was so, so late, remembering those commas in between the two words that are repeated.

So pause the video now, off you go, and enjoy.

Well done everybody! Great job! Have a look at the sentences you've just written and compare them to the examples on the screen.

Did you use the correct joins in the formation of the words? Did you remember to add lead-ins and lead-outs? And is your writing legible? If you need to make any edits to your sentences, now's the time, so pause the video.

Well done everybody! Great job! I really hope you enjoyed today's lesson.

Here's a summary of everything we've learned: Writing with emphasis involves making certain words or phrases stand out by using different techniques to highlight their importance.

Writing with emphasis helps to show what's most important or exciting in the writing.

There are different strategies to show emphasis in your writing.

Capital letters, underlining, or repeating a word or phrase can emphasise importance or express excitement.

Adding an exclamation mark can emphasise strong emotions to the reader.

And correct letter formation, spacing, and punctuation ensure the writing is legible.

Great job today, everybody.

Well done!.