Lesson video

Hi there, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that something to write with and write on, or someone and something to talk to would also be excellent.

Right, let's waste no time and crack right into today's spelling lesson.

In this spelling lesson, we're going to be forming plural nouns using the suffixes -es and -ves.

The outcome will be, I can apply spelling rules, spell plural nouns that end in the suffix, -es and -ves.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Suffix.

Noun.

Singular.

Plural.

Root word.

Brilliant.

So let's have a chat about what these words mean then.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a root word.

A noun is a naming word for people, places, and things.

Singular means only one.

Plural means more than one.

And a root word is the base word from which other words are formed often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

So today we are going to be taking common nouns as our root words, and we're specifically going to be taking singular common nouns and adding the suffixes -es or -ves to the end of them to create plural nouns.

This is the outline for today's learning.

We're going to be creating plurals with the suffixes -es and -ves, and then we're going to practise and apply the spellings that we've been looking at, and we're also going to write a sentence that contain some of those focus spellings.

Let's get on with creating plurals with -es and -ves.

So a suffix, remember, is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word which creates another word.

Suffixes can change the word's tense or word class as well.

And really, really importantly, and linking to today's lesson, they can also turn singular nouns, so one of something, into plural nouns, more than one of something.

So for instance, here I have the singular noun, shoe.

If I add my -s suffix, I create the plural, shoes.

Here I have the singular noun church.

I add my -es suffix, and our focus suffix is for today, it creates the plural, churches.

Notice there, it sounds like an is, but it's spelled ES.

Watch out for that.

Here we have, fairy.

Now watch what happens when I turn this into the plural, fairies.

Ooh, that spelling of my root word there's changed, hasn't it? I've removed the 'y' and added -ies.

Sometimes when adding certain suffixes to certain root words, the spelling of that root word will change.

And there's some rules around this that we are going to look at today.

There are different rules then for how the root word will change when we add the suffix -s or -es to create plurals.

Let's a look at some of them now.

Let's read some words first that contain our focus suffixes.

My turn, your turn.

Coats.

Chairs.

Umbrellas.

Babies.

As we go through these, be thinking about any of those rules that you remember as to what happens to the root word when we turn them from singular into plural.

Cities, the plural of city.

Parties.

Monkeys.

Boys.

All of these words end in our suffix, -s or -es.

These words follow different rules when the suffix -s or -es is added.

So they're all plural nouns.

Do you remember any of the rules around turning nouns from singular into plural? And what happens when we add the suffix -s or -es? Pause the video and have a think.

See if you can remember any of the root words and look carefully at the plurals on the left hand side.

Brilliant.

So we are going to be looking through some of those rules.

Now, when creating plurals, there are several rules, and these include just adding -s, removing the 'y' and adding -ies.

So, what we can just ask -s in a couple of instances, when our root word ends in a consonant and vowels, or when our root word ends in a vowel digraph, so a vowel letter and a 'y', for instance, toy, tray and monkey, that -oy, -ay, and -ey at the end of monkey, -ey, are all vowel digraphs, so we keep the 'y' and just add an -s.

Then we have our root words that end in a consonant and the 'y', making that ee and an igh sound.

This is where we must remove the 'y' and add -ies, for instance, party, story and family.

You can hear there that our 'y', party, story, family, is making that ee sound and it's preceded by a consonant so we remove the 'y' and add -ies.

I'd like you to read through these sentences for me and choose the correct words from below to complete the sentences.

Think about what we've just spoken about.

Off you go.

Brilliant job team.

So -s and -es are types of suffix that are added to the end of a word.

When -s or -es are added to the end of a word, it can show that the word is plural.

There's more than one of that thing.

So now we're going to look at these words ending in a consonant that use the suffix -es to create plurals.

Dish.

We just add the -es to create, dishes.

Bench.

We just add the -es to create, benches, plural.

Dress.

We just add the -es to create dresses, plural.

Fox, for that 'x', we just add -es to create foxes, plural.

Do you notice anything about these root words? What do they end in? Pause the video and have a think.

Good thinking there team.

And you're totally right.

All of these nouns are root words end in either an 'sh', a 'ch', an 's', a 'ss', or an 'x'.

And if they end in that, we can just add the suffix -es to turn them into plural nouns.

Our rule here is if the word ends in 'sh', 'ch', 'ss', an 's' or 'x', we can just add -es to turn them into plural nouns.

Let's look at some more examples with the suffix -es, when it's added to root words that end in that 'sh', 'ch', 'ss', or 'x'.

So wish becomes wishes.

Brush becomes brushes.

Coach becomes coaches.

Branch or branch becomes branches or branches.

Glass or glass becomes glasses or glasses.

Kiss becomes kisses, fox becomes foxes, and box becomes boxes.

Interestingly, I've noticed here that the spelling of the root word has not changed, but the pronunciation of that -es is a little bit different.

It sounds like an is, but be careful.

These are plural so we're adding our -es suffix.

How will these words that end in the letter strings that we've just looked at, change when the suffix -es is added? How will I spell buses, lunches, classes, or classes and foxes? Pause the video and have a think.

Remember, looking careful at the spelling of the root word can help us to spell the plural.

They all end in that 's', 'ch', 'ss', or 'x', don't they? So we can just add -es to create buses, lunches, classes or classes and foxes.

Remember, if our root word ends in an 'sh', a 'ch', an 's', a 'ss' or an 'x', we can just add -es.

Remember to be careful 'cause it sounds like is, but it's that -es spelling to create our plural nouns.

So a little check for you here.

I'd like you to put the root word into the correct column and show what will happen when you add that -es suffix.

Does our root word end an 'sh', 'ch', 'ss' or 's' or 'x'? Add them into the correct columns now, off you go.

Great job team.

Really, really good work.

Quite straightforward this task, you're just looking carefully at the letters at the end of our root word, putting them into the correct column, and then adding our -es suffix to create a plural of that singular noun.

So I'm hoping you've managed to sort them like this.

Wish, bush and crash, all end in 'sh', we can just add -es.

Coach, peach and match all end in 'ch', we can just add -es.

Dress, kiss, and class or class end in 'ss', we can just add -es, and fox and box and in 'x' so we can just add -es to create our plural nouns.

Look carefully at these nouns and how they change from their singular to their plural form.

Leaf becomes leaves, like the leaves on a tree.

Loaf like a singular loaf of bread, becomes loaves.

Many loaves of bread.

Wife, singular wife becomes wives, plural.

Knife becomes knives.

I sharpen the knives.

What do you notice is happening here? Look carefully at the end of the root words and look at how they've changed when we've added our -es suffix to create the plural.

Have a think.

Great job.

Yeah, well, we can see here that we've removed the 'f' or 'fe' and added our -ves, haven't we? So you can see here, leaves, loaves, wives, knives.

And our root words leaf and loaf end in an 'f', so we've removed that 'f' and added -ves, and our words wife and knife ended in 'fe' so we removed the 'fe' and added -ves.

If a noun ends in an 'f' or 'fe', the 'f' or 'fe' becomes a 'v', and then we add our -es suffix to create our plural noun.

There are however some exceptions to this.

For instance, belief becomes beliefs, and chief becomes chiefs.

That's just with a single 'f'.

We don't have to remove the 'f' there and add -ves, they are exceptions that don't follow this rule.

Let's look for instance at the word calf though, which is a baby cow.

It follows our rule.

It ends in a single 'f' so we remove the 'f' and add -ves.

However, the word cliff, if you want to take me to the lesson plural the white cliffs of Dover, we just add an -s because it ends in a 'ff'.

Life.

If I want to turn this into plural, lives, again, it ends in that 'fe', so I remove the 'fe' and add -ves.

Watch out for these exceptions, belief in chief where we can just add an -s, and watch out for words ending in a 'ff' like cliff, where we can just add an -s.

Puff for instance, puffs of smoke, plural, would be just adding an 's' because it ends in a 'ff'.

So our rule here is, if our word ends in a 'ff', that root word singular, we can just add an -s to turn it into a plural.

However, there are some exceptions to the rule of removing the 'f' or 'fe', such as belief and chief, that become beliefs and chiefs, plural.

So remember, if the noun ends in 'f' or 'fe', we remove that 'f' or 'fe', and replace it with -ves, except in some circumstances such as a 'ff' or our exceptions belief and chief.

I want you to read the word pairs below now, and I want you to match them to the correct rule that they've used.

Have they just had an -s? Have they had to remove an 'f' and add -ves, or they had to remove an 'fe' and add -ves? Pause the video, read them and match them now, off you go.

Good job team.

So wife becomes wives.

We had to remove the 'fe' and add -ves.

Cuff ending in that 'ff' becomes cuffs.

Like the cuffs on a shirt, we just add an -s.

And elf becomes elves.

We've removed the 'f' and added -ves.

Well done.

What will the spelling of these nouns be when they change from singular to plural then? Look carefully at them and consider the rules that we have looked at so far.

Read the words, turn them into plurals.

Off you go.

Okay, great job team.

Really, really good application of the rules that we've been looking at.

So scarf that ends in an 'f', doesn't it? So I need to remove the 'f' and add -ves.

Shelf, that ends in an 'f' as well, doesn't it? So I need to remove the 'f' and add -ves to create shelves.

Cliff, now that ends in a 'ff', doesn't it? So I can just add an -s.

And thief ends in that 'f', so I remove that 'f' and add -ves.

None of those words were exceptions.

Nouns ending in 'o' can take -es or -s when creating the plural.

These are words that we just then need to learn.

In some instances we can add the -s and in others we can add -es.

Piano for instance, becomes pianos, plural, we just add an -s.

Radio becomes radios, we just add an -s.

But potato is a really interesting one.

We add an -es to turn it into a plural.

Echo also adds an -es to become plural, to become echoes.

And tomato follows that pattern of potato, -es.

We just have to learn these because there's no pattern to help us here.

It's really important we just learn them.

So it's take a moment to read back through these, piano and radio, we just add an -s to make pianos and radios, but potato, echo and tomato, we add -es to turn them into plurals.

What will the spelling of these words be when the suffixes -s or -es are added? How will I spell rhinos, heroes, volcanoes? Have a go.

Have a think, off you go.

Brilliant.

This is a case of it being these ones that we just need to learn, so I'm intrigued to see how you've done here.

Remember, looking at the spelling of the root word can help us, but in this instance, realistically, we just need to know how to spell them.

And sometimes it's down to what looks right.

So rhinos, we just add an -s.

Heroes though, we add -es, and volcanoes also add an -es.

Again, these are ones we just need to learn.

So let's put them into our memory now.

Rhino, just add an -s, hero -es, volcano -es, to turn them into plurals.

I want you now to read through these sentences and select the correct spelling of the plural nouns in them.

Consider which ones look right, maybe think about the rules we've looked at as well.

Off you go team.

Good job.

These are the ones, remember, that we just need to learn.

I have never liked cooked tomatoes.

That was that one that had an -es.

Rhinos are endangered.

No -es here, just adding an -s.

And there are several active volcanoes there.

That's an -es spelling.

Great.

We have created more rules then today, when adding plural suffixes.

In some instances we can just add an -s.

In other instances we have to just add -es.

Sometimes we must remove the 'y' and add -ies.

And then other times we must remove the 'f' or 'fe' and add -ves.

Here are all of those rules shown and exemplified.

We just add -s when the root word ends in consonants and vowels or a part of vowel digraphs, we can just add -es when the root word ends in 'sh', 'ch', 's', 'ss', 'x' or 'o', and we can also remove the 'y' and add -ies.

This is when our root word ends in a consonant and a 'y'.

And in other instances, remove the 'f' or 'fe' and add -ves when our root word ends in that 'f' or 'fe'.

Remember not the 'ff' though, then we can just add an -s.

So which rule has been used here? I want you to read the word pairs below.

Consider how the root word has changed to look when it's become plural from being singular and select the correct rule that's been used.

Off you go.

Good job.

So bush has become bushes, we've just added -es, it ended in that 'sh'.

Ray has become rays, just adding an -s it's part of a vowel diagraph that 'y'.

Thief ends an 'f', so we remove the 'f' and add -ves.

And Lorry is a consonant, then a 'y', so we remove the 'y' and add -ies.

For our practise task now we're going to have a go at spelling some plural nouns that I'm going to say to you.

Remember to sound it out.

Think of a root word if there is one.

Remember those spelling rules that we've looked at for when adding plural suffixes and to read the word and check.

The first word is potatoes.

I turn the potatoes into mash potatoes.

Number two is boxes.

Fill up those boxes.

Number three, volcanoes.

There are many active volcanoes in that region.

Number four, shelves, I put up the shelves.

And number five matches.

We played five matches across the season.

So potatoes, boxes, volcanoes, shelves, matches.

Off you go team.

Fantastic job.

I'm really impressed with your application of the spelling rules that we've looked at today.

Really, really good job.

Well done for reading through them and checking as well.

So the first one is potatoes.

This is one of these ones that we just need to learn that adds an -es.

We need to learn that by sight.

Boxes was our next one.

Now boxes ends in that 'x', that 'x', so we just add -es.

Now it sounds like is, 'is' I know, but it's that -es suffix to create a plural noun.

Volcanoes was also one of those ones that we just had to learn where we add an -es.

Shelves, our root word here is shelf, ending in that 'f'.

We remove the 'f' and add -ves, shelves.

And matches, match our root that ends in 'ch', so we just add -es, I know it sounds like is, but it's that -es spelling to create the plural noun.

How did you do? Share your learning with me now, share any magical mistakes with those around you and make any corrections.

Off you go.

Onto our final learning cycle then, which is a practise and apply the spellings we've been looking at.

Let's read some curriculum words first.

Programme, as in a programme of work or a computer programme.

Identity.

Their identity was unknown.

Look at these words carefully.

Do you think maybe there's anything tricky about them? Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant, great thinking.

There are some slightly tricky elements about these curriculum words.

Now, the reason we want to really learn these words and know how to spell them is because they're going to appear with such great regularity and we're going to use them so much in our reading and writing.

So it's really important we know how to spell them, we know their meaning, and we know maybe any tricky parts about them so we can put that into our memory and remember how to spell them.

So the word programme, for instance, has this 'mme' at the end, doesn't it? Which is a bit of a strange spelling for that, programme, that 'm' sound, isn't it? So programme has a spelling 'mme' at the end, which is quite unusual.

The American English spelling is, as you can see here, P-R-O-G-A-M, without the extra M and the E, which you may sometimes see as well.

The word identity can sometimes accidentally miss out letters when being said or when being spelled, identity.

Really taking your time in breaking it down is really helpful there.

It can be helpful if you remember how to spell the word identify.

That can help you to remember the spelling of identity.

They're also linked in meaning.

So with that in mind, which of these are the correct spellings of those curriculum words that we just looked at? Point now to the correct spelling of programme.

Brilliant.

The first part's quite easy, pro and then gramme, g, r, a, and it's that strange 'mme' spelling.

And then identity.

Remember, knowing the spelling of identify can help you here.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

Identity.

So I-D-E-N-T-I-T, and it's that Y at the end.

Great.

So now we're going to practise spelling words using the plural patterns that we've looked at.

Let's just remind ourselves of the patterns.

We have just added -s to root words that end in consonants or vowels.

Adding -es to root words ending in 'sh', 'ch', 's', 'ss', 'x', or 'o'.

Removing the 'y' and adding -ies, for those root words that ended a consonant and a 'y' and not a vowel diagraph, and removing the 'f' or 'fe' and adding -ves to root words that end in an 'f' or 'fe', but not root words that end in a 'ff'.

So I want you to look carefully here.

Read the word pairs below and match them to the rule that has been used.

Off you go.

Brilliant job team.

So hero and heroes.

We have just added -es here, and that's one of those ones that we just need to remember.

It's not just adding an -s, it's adding an -es.

We then had performance and performances.

We can just add an -s here because it ends in that 'e' vowel.

Loaf and loaves, this is where we've removed the 'f' and added -ves to create the plural.

And festivity, ooh, that's a consonant then a 'y', we remove the 'y' and add -ies to create festivities.

Brilliant.

So I want you to read the sentences now and select the correct spelling of each plural noun.

Remember the rules that we've looked at.

Off you go.

Brilliant job team.

You must help wash up the dishes.

Ooh, our root word here is dish, singular, D-I-S-H, 'sh', so we just add -es.

It can sound like is, IS, but it's that -es spelling remember.

Sharing your worries can make you feel better.

Our root word here is worry.

Ooh, and it's with that 'y' at the end, making that ee sound, and there's a consonant before it.

So we whoosh, remove the 'y' and add -ies.

Brilliant.

Secure the lid on the rubbish bin to prevent the foxes from going in them.

Fox is our root word there, ending in 'x', so we just add -es.

I know it sounds like is at the end, but it's that -es spelling.

Great job team.

Again, read through the sentences and select the correct spelling of the plural nouns for me.

Off you go.

Remember our rules.

Great job.

Have you seen the white cliffs of Dover? Now cliff, our root word there, eh eh, ends in a 'ff', doesn't it? Double consonant, so we just add -s.

Henry VIII had six wives.

Hmm, wife is the singular, isn't it, 'fe'? We gotta whoosh, remove the 'fe' and add -ves, wives.

The benches in the park are soaking.

Now we don't need a possessive apostrophe here.

We're just saying the plural benches are soaking.

Bench, 'ch', we just add -es.

And I've never liked mashed potatoes.

Hmm, potatoes.

That's one of those ones where we just add -es.

One of those ones we just need to learn, it's not just adding an -s to create the plural, it's -es at the end.

Great.

We are now going to have a good writing a sentence containing some of our focus spelling, so some of those plural nouns.

When we write the sentence, we have to do several things at once.

We have to remember the whole sentence, sound out each word, think of the spelling rules we've been looking at for creating plurals, look out for those common exception curriculum words, think about the word programme, and identity that we've looked at.

And then remember our sentence punctuation.

So just listen to me say the sentence first of all, the girls switched on the programme and watched ladies painting with brushes whilst listening to stories about wolves.

The girls switched on the programme and watched ladies painting with brushes whilst listening to stories about wolves.

So we're gonna use some strategies now to help us remember this sentence.

The first is to repeat the sentence several times out loud.

The girls switched on the programme and watched ladies painting with brushes whilst listening to stories of about wolves.

The girls switched on the programme and watched ladies painting with brushes whilst listening to stories about wolves.

Great.

The next is to picture what's happening in your head.

Create a mental image as I say the sentence now.

The girls switched on the programme and watched, ladies painting with brushes, whilst listening to stories about wolves.

I wonder what you pictured there.

And the final one is to count how many words there are to make sure we don't miss any when we come to write it out.

The girls switched on the programme, and watched ladies painting with brushes whilst listening to stories about wolves.

Say that one more time.

The girls switched on the programme and watched ladies painting with brushes whilst listening to stories about wolves.

Great.

So you're gonna have a chance to write the sentence now.

Please make sure you sound out each word, look out for those common exception words, and also check your sentence punctuation.

I'll say the sentence one more time.

The girls switched on the programme and watched ladies painting with brushes whilst listening to stories about wolves.

Off you go.

Excellent job team.

I'm really, really impressed.

Let's check our work and make any corrections.

So the, obviously I have a capital letter.

Girls, our plural there is just by adding an -s.

Switched, be careful it's T-C-H-E-D, on the programme.

Ah, that was one of those curriculum words that 'mme' at the end, and watched ladies.

Ah, the our root word here is a lady ending in that 'y', it's a constant and the 'y' we remove the 'y' and add -ies.

Painting with brushes.

Oh, brush ends in that 'sh', so we just add -es, whilst, watch out for the naughty H there, listening, watch out for the T there, to stories, again story, that 'r' and 'y' in the root word, we remove the 'y' and add -ies, about wolves, our root word there is wolf, W-O-L-F, we remove the 'f' and add -ves.

How did you do there? In particular, how did you get on with our plural words? Girls, ladies, brushes, stories, and wolves.

Do you have any corrections to make? And how did you get on our curriculum word, programme? Share your learning and make any corrections now.

Off you go.

Excellent job in spelling today, team.

We've been adding -s or -es to a noun to create a plural today.

We've generated some rules as well.

If the root word ends in an 'sh', 'ch', 'ss', or 'x', then we can just add the suffix -es.

If the root word ends in an 'f' or 'fe', then the 'f' or 'fe' is replaced with a 'v' before adding our suffix -es.

And if the root word ends in an 'o', it can use an -s or an -es.

Most nouns just add an -s, including those ending with a consonant, a vowel diagraph, and 'ff'.

Keep up the great spelling, keep up the great practise, and I'll see you again soon.