Lesson video

Hi there, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that, something to write with and write on, or someone and something to talk to you would also be excellent.

Right, let's waste no time and crack right into today's spelling lesson.

In this spelling lesson, we're going to be spelling words with the suffix, -ous and -tious.

The outcome will be, I can spell words with the suffix, -tious.

Here are the keywords for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Suffix.

Root word.

Noun.

Adjectives.

Brilliant.

Let's have a chat about what these mean, then.

A suffix then is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word to change its meaning.

And we are looking at adding the -ous or the -ious suffix today.

The root word is that base word onto which we're adding our suffix.

A noun is a naming word for people, places, or things, and an adjective describes a noun.

So the suffixes that we are going to be adding today are going to be changing the word class of that root word from a noun to an adjective.

Here's the outline for today's lesson.

We've got three learning cycles.

We're gonna look at some rules for using the suffix -ous.

Then we're gonna look at some rules for using the suffix -tious, and then we're going to spell some curriculum words.

Let's get on with looking at some rules for using our suffix -ous then.

Remember that a suffix is a letter or group of letters to be added to the end of a word, which creates another word.

Unlike prefixes that we attach to the beginning of a word, suffixes often change the word's tense or word class.

So for instance, if I take the root word offer and I add my -ed suffix, I create offered, changing its tense.

Here I have camp.

I add my -ing suffix to create the progressive tense, camping.

Here I have historic, I add my -al suffix, it creates the word historical.

Now interestingly, none of these root words have changed at all when these suffixes have been added.

However, that won't always be the case, dependent on the suffix that you are adding.

And some of the suffixes we're using today will lead to a change in both word class, but also the spelling of the root word.

So remember, there are loads of different types of suffix, and today we are concentrating on -ous and -tious.

And there are different rules for how the root word will change when those suffixes are added.

These words all end in the suffix, -ous.

Let's read them.

Poisonous.

Dangerous.

Notice that that -ous suffix makes an us sound.

Famous.

Various.

Humorous, something that's funny.

Courageous, someone, or something that's brave.

Obvious, something that has a clear answer.

And hideous, something that's extremely ugly.

So all of these words end in a -ous suffix, and adding that suffix -ous creates an adjective.

If we take, for instance, the root word poison, a noun, and I add my -ous suffix to create poisonous, it's changed from a noun to an adjective, something that's filled with poison.

The suffix -ous means to be full of, and it often means to be full of the noun.

An adjective ending in -ous then often shows the quality or state relating to that root word.

So something that is poisonous is full of poison, something that is dangerous, it's filled with danger.

Something that's famous is filled with fame.

You may have noticed there that the spelling of our root word fame has changed to add our suffix.

As the suffix -ous begins with a vowel, then, it follows many of the usual patterns for adding suffixes that you may know already, especially when you recognise the root word.

For instance, our root word fame has removed the E before adding our -ous.

And we're gonna review some of these spelling patterns now.

So it's going to help us to know how to spell words ending in this -ous suffix.

So there are four key rules when adding the suffix -ous to create adjectives.

In some instances, we can just add -ous as we saw with poisonous and dangerous a minute ago.

In other instances, we must remove the E and add -ous like we saw with fame and famous.

In some instances, we must remove the Y and add -ious.

That's a very common pattern, isn't it? The removal of the Y after a consonant and then adding -ious.

And then finally, one that's specific to this spelling is to change the -our to an -or and then add our -ous.

A very interesting one.

Let's have a look at these in action then.

So some examples of just adding -ous are the words courage and joyous.

Now courage is an interesting one 'cause it ends in that -ge.

The E is needed to help make that soft G sound, that ju sound.

So we don't remove the E and we just add -ous.

But with joy, it ends in that Y.

It's part of a vowel digraph.

We just add -ous.

The root words fame and nerve though aren't making that soft G sound.

So we do remove the E and add -ous to create famous and nervous.

Our root words vary and fury are a Y there, making that ee sound preceded by a consonant.

So we remove the Y and add -ious, and humour and glamour are usually spelled -our at the end.

So we replace that -our with -or, and then add our -ous to create the adjectives, humorous and glamorous.

Great.

Remember, the root word ending in -ge, we would just add the -ous.

We don't need to remove the E as we normally would.

So these words just add the -ous, the root words do not need to change.

The word hazard to create hazardous, meaning full of hazard or full of danger.

Danger.

Here we go.

Dangerous.

This includes root words that end in -ge as well, as we looked at a moment ago with courage and courageous.

Here we go.

We can just add the -ous.

We don't need to remove the E here as we do with many other root words.

Or outrage, to create outrageous.

The final E is needed here to make that soft ju sound.

So it has to be kept.

We need to keep it.

Otherwise, it'd be very confusing when it comes to pronouncing the word.

When the root word ends in E, we most commonly remove that E and add -ous.

But remember not when it's a -ge.

So fame to become famous, we must remove the E.

Continue to become continuous.

So it goes on and on and on.

We remove the E and add -ous.

Don't forget that this rule doesn't apply to words ending in -ge.

For those we just add the -ous.

What will the spelling then of these words be, when the suffix -os, or sorry, -ous is added? Adventure is our root word here.

Courage and fame.

Will you keep the E or will you remove the E to create the adjectives adventurous, courageous, and famous? Pause the video now and have a think about how to spell those words.

Brilliant job team.

So adventurous, we have to remove the E there and add -ous.

Courage is that -ge making that ju sound.

So we need to keep the E so we know how to pronounce it.

And then -ous.

And famous, chop that E off and add -ous.

Remember, if our root word ends in a -ge, we just add -ous.

And also remember looking carefully at the spelling of the root word will inform us as to how to spell our new adjective that we're creating.

When the root word ends in a consonant and a Y, we change the Y to an I and then add -ous.

Vary, for instance, consonant R, followed by the Y.

We remove the Y and add -ious to create various.

Fury, we chop off the Y and add I and then -ous to create furious, filled with fury.

So our rule here is remove the Y and then add -ious, when it's a consonance that precedes that Y.

When the root word ends in -our, we change the -our to -or and then add -ous.

Humour, for instance, becomes humorous.

Notice how it's -or now, and then -ous.

Glamour becomes glamorous.

It was -our, now it's -orous.

So our rule here is change -our to -or, and then add -ous.

What will the spelling of these words ending in Y be when the suffix -ous is added? We have study, and the pronunciation will slightly change here for the word studious, meaning full of study.

Victory.

Remember the spelling of the root word will help us to spell the new adjective.

How will I spell studious and victorious? Think about our rules.

Off you go.

Great job team.

So studious, we are going to remove the Y and add -ious.

Victorious, we remove the Y and add -ious from victory.

Great.

The rule there being remove the Y and add -ious when that Y has a consonant letter before it.

What will the spelling of these words ending in -our be when the suffix -ous is added? Remember our rule.

Look carefully at the spelling of the root word to help spell the new adjectives rigorous and vigorous.

Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant.

So we have to change the -our to -or and then add our suffix -ous.

So rigorous, something that's filled with challenge and rigour, -ous at the end there.

Vigour.

Change the -our to -or and then add our -ous suffix.

So our rule here is change the -our to -or and then add your -ous suffix.

So I'm going to show you some root words now.

And then we think carefully about which rule the root word will use when we add our -ous suffix to create an adjective.

So mystery here is our root word.

How will I spell mysterious? What rule am I going to follow? Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant.

Well, it's that Y at the end preceded by a consonant letter.

So I'm going to swap the Y for an I and then add -ous.

So it's remove the Y and add -ious.

Here's our next word, danger.

How would I create the adjective dangerous? Which rule will I use? Pause the video and have a think.

Great job.

So this one is an instance of we just being able to add our -ous suffix, dangerous.

The vigour.

How would I spell vigorous starting (indistinct) with vigour? Pause the video and have a think.

Nice.

In this instance, we are going to change the -our to -or and then add -ous.

That's our rule there.

D.

And finally, fame.

How will I spell the adjective famous and which rule will it use? Pause the video and have a think.

Great job team.

It ends in an E there, doesn't it? And it's not an E that's preceded by a G.

So we need to remove that E and add -ous.

Brilliant.

So some words don't have such obvious root words, such as tremendous, jealous, generous, fabulous, serious, obvious, and curious, as well as hideous.

They are still all adjectives with the -ous suffix and they don't have obvious root words.

Some of these adjectives have the ee sound before the -ous ending.

If we think about serious, obvious, curious and hideous.

And it can be spelt with both an I or an E.

It's usually spelled with an I but can be spelled with an E, but they're both being pronounced in the same way as that long ee sound before our -ous suffix.

There are also words derived from a root word ending in Y, that follow the pronunciation and spelling pattern.

Envious.

So our root word is envy.

Studious.

Again, we get this from study.

Luxurious.

So we can see here that our words envious, serious and courteous.

We can decide whether that's spelt with an E, spelt with an I, and if there's a clear root word.

So envious, I mean, that ee sound is being spelt with an I and it has the root word envy, ending in a Y.

Serious has no clear root word, but it's that ee sound before our -ous that's spelt with an I.

And courteous, something that's full of courtesy, is that ee sound spelt with an E before the -ous.

So what I'd like you to do for me is complete the table like we just completed a moment ago.

Complete the table about the words with the ee sound before the -ous.

Is that ee sound spelt with an E, spelt with an I, and can you spot a clear root word? Tick the table for me.

Read the words on the left and decide.

Off you go, team.

Brilliant job.

So hideous has no clear and obvious root word, does it, but it's that ee sound before the -ous being spelled with an E.

Various does have an obvious root word in vary, and we can see it's that ee sound before the -ous spelled with an I.

And obvious, it doesn't have an obvious root word, but it's that ee sound before the -ous spelt with an I.

Great job team.

See how you did.

So what we're going to have a go doing now is spelling some words that use our suffix -ous.

Please remember to sound out the words.

Think of the root word if there is an obvious one.

Think of the spelling rules that we've looked at today so far, those four key rules.

And read the word and check as well.

So the words are famous, she was a famous superstar.

Number two is various, various types of plants grew in the garden.

Number three is poisonous, something that's filled with poison.

Number four is glamorous.

She looked glamorous in her dress.

And number five is courteous, which is an adjective, meaning polite and filled with manners.

So I'll say those one more time.

Famous, various, poisonous, glamorous, and courteous.

Off you go, team.

have a go at writing those words.

Fantastic job.

I'm so impressed, you've clearly been paying attention, and considering the root words, if there's an obvious one, very carefully.

And those four rules that we looked at earlier.

So our first word was famous.

Our root word here is fame ending in an E.

It's not a G before the E.

It's not helping us make that ju sound.

So we can remove the E and add -ous.

Famous.

Various was our next one.

Our root word here is vary, ending in that ee spelled with a Y.

So we remove the Y and add -ious.

It's that I making that ee sound before the -ous there.

Then we have poisonous.

This is a word that we can just add the -ous suffix to to create the adjective poisonous, something filled with poison.

The next word is glamorous.

Our root word here is glamour, spelled -our.

This is that instance of changing the -our to -or and then adding -ous.

Remember that rule.

And then we had courteous.

A linked word here is courtesy.

Slightly different.

Meaning manners or kindness.

If you're courteous, you show good manners.

It's an adjective.

So here it's an interesting one, is that ee sound before the -ous spelled with an E, courteous.

Watch out for that word.

Great job team.

Share your learning, share any magical mistakes and make any corrections now.

Off you go.

Onto our next learning cycle then, which is going to be rules for using the suffix, -tious.

Let's read some words that contain the suffix.

Ambitious, cautious, fictitious.

So something that's not real.

Infectious, something that will spread infection.

Nutritious, something that's filled with nutrition, will help you grow.

Superstitious.

If someone is superstitious, they believe in superstition.

What do you notice about all of these words then? What do they all end in? Well, we can see they all end in our -tious suffix making that shus.

They all end in that suffix, then.

The suffix -tious generally turns a noun into an adjective, just like our -ous suffix did.

The root word ends in shun, spelled -tion.

We remove that -tion and add the suffix, shus spelled -tious.

Ambition, for instance, becomes ambitious.

Something filled with ambition or somebody filled with ambition.

So in this instance we've removed the -tion and then replaced it with our -tios suffix.

So same with nutrition.

It becomes nutritious.

An exception to the rule is the word fiction, because of the -ti, which has to stay.

So it becomes fictitious.

So we don't remove here the -tion, we remove the -on and then add our -tios to create fictitious, something that is not real.

What will the spelling of these words ending in -tion be when the suffix -tious is added, then? Pause the video and have a think now.

How will I spell infectious, cautious, superstitious? Off you go.

Excellent job, team.

Because they end in -tion, our general rule here is remove the -tion and then add -tious, infectious, cautious, superstitious.

Remember looking at the spelling of the root word will help us to spell the new adjective.

So our rule here is remove the shun, spelled -tion, and add the -tious suffix.

With that in mind, can you read these sentences now and choose the correct spelling in each sentence? Remember the rules that we've looked at.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

"The story he told was entirely fictitious." So made up, not real.

This is that instance where we need to keep that -ti, don't we? So fictitious, you can hear it in the word when you say it.

"My salad was packed full of nutritious vegetables." Now it's not nutritionous.

We need to remove the -tion.

It's not our exception, like fictitious.

We remove the -tion and then add our -tious suffix, nutritious.

"He carried a lucky charm with him because he was superstitious." Superstition is our root word here.

Remove the -tion, superstitious.

Excellent.

So for our practise task now, what I'd like you to do is show how each word will change when the suffix -tious is added.

Use the spelling of the root word to help you.

So we have ambition, nutrition, caution, infection, and superstition.

Remember our rule here to create the adjectives.

Off you go, team.

Have a go at adding -tious to these words.

I meant to say as well, remember to sound it out.

Think of the root word.

Think of spelling rules.

And read the word and check.

Pause the video, off you go.

Excellent job, team.

I'm really impressed.

You've really clearly been paying attention and picking up these spelling rules that we've been looking at.

So, ambitious.

There's not going to be -tius is it? It's our shus.

It's a suffix -tious, which creates adjectives.

We remove the -tion and then add our -tious suffix.

Nutritious, again, we need to remove the -tion and add -tious.

Cautious.

It's not cautionous.

We remove the -tion 'cause we want to create cautious and add our -tious suffix.

Infectious is exactly the same.

Remove the -tion and add our -tious suffix.

And superstitious is an interesting one 'cause it has that extra ti before the shun anyway, so we can just get rid of the -tion shun and then add our -tious suffix to create superstitious.

Someone filled with superstition.

How did you do there, team? Make any corrections and share your learning now.

Off you go.

Onto our final learning cycle then, which is spelling curriculum words.

Let's read some curriculum words, those words which are going to appear with great regularity in our reading and writing.

So it's important we're confident with spelling them.

They may have some tricky elements to them as well.

So keep an eye out.

Here we have conscious and embarrass.

If you're conscious of something, you are aware of it.

You know it's happening.

If you embarrass someone, you cause someone to feel awkward or self-conscious.

Read these words again.

Do you notice something interesting about the way they're spelt compared to how they sound? Is there anything maybe tricky about them? Pause the video and have a think.

Excellent job, team.

Really great thinking there.

I've noticed a couple of things.

In conscious, the letters SC are making a sh sound and the I is not pronounced like in many of the words that we've been looking at today with that same suffix, that -ious or that -ous suffix, conscious.

It comes from the Latin scio, meaning "I know," and if you are conscious of something, you do know it, you are aware of it.

So there's a link there, a meaning.

Embarrass is an interesting one 'cause it has lots of double letters.

We have a double R and a double S, and it's important you remember that.

Take a snapshot of these words now.

So I'm gonna test you on them in a minute.

Conscious, embarrass.

With that in mind, can you now choose the correct spellings of the words conscious and embarrass? Off you go team.

Great job.

So conscious, remember, conscious, that sh is being made by the SC, and it's the -ious suffix there at the end.

Conscious.

And embarrass, EM, and a single B, and then an A, and then a double R and then an A and then a double S, double R, double S, embarrass.

So because these are curriculum words, it's really important we know how to spell them confidently so we can use them in our reading writing and read them.

So we're gonna use the look, cover, write, check strategy now.

Love this strategy, allows you to be really independent.

So this is where you look carefully as spelling.

So if I look at conscious and I consider what's really difficult about it, the first part's okay, isn't it, con, and then the SC for the sh, and then the -ious, con S-C-I-O-U-S, con S-C-I-O-U-S.

And then cover it up and have a go at writing it.

Con S-C-I-O-U-S, in my neatest handwriting, to make really good links in my muscle memory, between my hand and my brain.

And then I self-check back, oh, I got it correct, but I don't just stop there.

I have a go at doing this a number of times to really embed that spelling this into my long-term memory.

So I want you to use this strategy now.

Look, cover, write, check, for the words conscious and embarrass, and write 'em out a number of times.

Off you go, team.

Brilliant job.

I'm super impressed.

So I'm hoping you've got them written out a number of times correctly, just like this.

Check now, share your learning, and make any corrections.

Off you go.

What a team of spellers I've had with me today.

You've done a great job.

We've been looking at that suffix, -ous.

It turns nouns into adjectives and often means full of.

There are four spelling rules when adding -ous.

To some words we can just add -ous.

To other words, we can remove the E and add -ous.

Remember, not when it's a -ge though.

To other words, remove the Y and add -ious when it's a consonant letter that comes before that Y.

And to other words, you must change the -our to -or and then add -ous.

When you hear the ee sound before that -ous, the most likely spelling is an I, but sometimes it's an E like in courteous.

And if the root word ends in shun, spelled -tion, then we can remove these letters and add the suffix, -tious, shus.

See if you can spot these suffixes in your reading and keep up the great spelling practise.

I'll see you again soon.