Lesson video

Hi there.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spelling and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you for today's spelling lesson, you're going to need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that, something to write with and write on, and someone or something to talk to would also be really helpful.

Let's get into today's spelling lesson then.

In this lesson, we're going to use the suffix ed to form the past tense.

The outcome will be I can apply spelling rules to spell words with the suffix ed.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn, suffix.

Past tense, root word, vowel sound, and stressed.

Notice there that word stressed actually has the ed in itself.

So let's talk about what these words mean then.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a root word, and we're concentrating on adding that ed suffix.

The past tense shows the action happened before now.

It happened in the past.

A root word is the base word from which other words are formed, often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

Remember today we're adding that ed suffix.

A vowel sound is a specific sound produced by a vowel when pronounced.

That might be a E, I, O or U, or a short vowel sound ah, e, i, o, uh.

and finally, a stressed sound is an emphasised sound.

And today we're going to be talking about stressed and unstressed vowel sounds.

An unstressed sound is not emphasised or pronounced with much force, so it can be difficult to hear sometimes.

So we are going to be using the suffix ed to form the past tense.

We're gonna begin by looking at the rules for using that suffix.

And then we're gonna look at some irregular past tense verbs as well that don't use ed.

So remember that a suffix is a letter or group of letters that we can attach to the end of a root word to create a new word.

Unlike prefixes though, suffixes can change the word's tense or word class and they can also affect the spelling of that root word before being added.

Here we have play.

And if I have my full suffix, I create playful, something that's full of that play.

Here we have dress.

If I have the es suffix, it turns it into a plural, dresses.

Here I have smile.

If I have my ed suffix, I create smiled.

The past tense of that verb smile.

Remember, there are lots of different types of suffix, and today we're concentrating on that ed suffix.

And there are different rules for how the root will change when we add that suffix.

Sometimes it will change, sometimes it won't.

It often depends on the end of that root word.

We're gonna look through some of those patterns today.

So let's read some words that contain, that are focused suffix.

My turn, your turn, talked.

Notice there that it doesn't necessarily sound like an ed, does it? It can sometimes sound like just a T talked.

Be careful.

The next word is attached.

Just like we attach a prefix or a suffix to a root word.

Tried, worried, danced.

Again, similar to talked, almost sounds like a T.

Be careful, tasted.

There it sounds like an id rather than an ed, doesn't.

Hopped, that ed spelling, but that T sound again.

Clapped, so if you look carefully at all of these words, they end in that ed suffix.

These are verbs in the past tense.

They're so actions that have already happened.

Sometimes the ending can sound like a T, a D or id, but they're all spelt with that ed suffix.

It can make it a bit tricky sometimes to remember.

In these sentences, the past tense indicates that the actions occurred in the past.

We talked about the holidays last week.

The action happened last week.

I cried when I fell over yesterday.

The action happened yesterday.

They placed a star on top of the tree last year.

That placement, that action of placing happened in the past.

It has been placed.

It happened last year.

We tasted the curry before we served it to everyone.

You did it before you served it.

It's already happened.

These verbs are in the past tense form, which often includes adding that suffix ed.

But not always.

And we're gonna look at some of these irregular ones in the next learning cycle.

So have a look here for me.

Choose the correct words to complete these sentences.

Ed is a type of mm that is added to the mm of a word.

When ed is added to the end of a word, it usually shows the mm tense.

Select from the words below.

Complete these sentences for me.

Off you go.

Brilliant, so ed is a type of suffix that is added to the end of a word.

When ed is added to the end of a word, it usually shows the past tense.

There are four rules for adding the suffix ed.

Sometimes we can just add the ed to that root word as in ask or asked, walked and enjoyed.

We just add the ed there.

Our words there, our root words end in a consonant.

We can just add ed.

Other times we have to remove the y consonant when it's making a vowel sound.

Often when it's making an an ahy sound or an ee sound, cry, carry, hurry, for instance.

We remove the y and add ied.

The word smile, bake and slice's root words will end in an e.

We must remove the E then and add ed.

Otherwise we'd end up with two e's together, which wouldn't look right, and could be confusing.

And finally with short vowel sounds, o, ah, e, i, uh, we can double the final consonant if it's a single consonant and then add ed.

Hop becomes hopped, clap becomes clapped, control becomes controlled.

In control there we, in that root word, we also have a stressed vowel sound, that final vowel, control.

I clearly hear it.

So I double that final consonant and add ed.

These rules apply to the regular past tense verbs.

Let's revise each rule individually.

Often we can just add the suffix ed to the root word without changing it.

For instance, talk becomes talked.

Help becomes helped, interrupt becomes interrupted.

So in these instances, we're just adding the suffix.

This usually happens when the verb ends in two consonant letters.

In talk, it ends in lk, in help, it ends in lp, and interrupt, it ends in pt.

This also happens after a vowel diagraph.

When the vowel sound is long or in a two-syllable word, when the first syllable is stressed.

So for instance, in the word stay, and we can see here it's ending in that y and it's making long ey sound, so we just add ed.

Or the word offer.

Here, our first sound is stressed, but our second sound is not stressed.

It's unstressed, offer.

It's not clearly offer.

So I just add ed.

How would these words change when the suffix ed is added? We have the root word laugh or laugh, attach and interrupt.

Remember, looking at the spelling of that root word helps us to spell the new word.

How will you spell laughed, attached, interrupted? Have a think.

Great, if we look carefully at all of these words, they end in two consonant letters.

So we're just going to add ed each time.

Our rule here is to just add ed.

But watch out, there is no t after the second a in attach.

It's attach, ch, attached, C-H-E-D.

When the root word ends in a y, the y is replaced with an i before the suffix ed is added.

This can be when that y is making an e or an ahy sound.

If it's part of a vowel diagraph like stay and and stayed, then we don't have to remove the y.

But if I look here at the word worry, it's worry, that y making that ee sound, worry.

I remove the y and add ied.

Here I have carry, again, my y making that ee vowel sound there.

Remove the y, add ied.

Here we have cry, that y making that ahy vowel sound, I remove the y, add ied for my past tense cried.

There are some exceptions though.

If the y is part of a digraph paired with a vowel, so a vowel digraph, it doesn't follow this rule.

Play, for instance, with that ey sound there becomes played.

We just add ed.

Enjoy that oi sound there becomes enjoyed.

We just add ed.

With that in mind, how will these words change when ed is added? We have reply, fry, occupy.

Remember looking at the spelling of that root word will help us to spell the new word.

How will I spell replied fried and occupied? Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant, so think about what each of these words end in.

They end in that consonant in a y, and that y is making a vowel sound, either an ahy or in some instances, also it can make an ee sound as well, can't it? So reply becomes replied, remove the y, add ied.

And it's the same for both of these, fried and occupied as well.

Remove the y and add ied.

So our rule here is remove the y, add ied.

So look carefully at the pairs of words below, the root word and the new word formed by adding ied suffix.

Have we just added ed or have we removed the y and then added ied? Match them to the correct rule, off you go.

Brilliant, so marry and married, we've had to remove the y, then add ied.

Jump and jumped, we've just had to add ed then in two consonant letters.

And play and played, is that vowel diagraph? It might end in a y, but we don't have to remove the Y.

We keep the y in just that ed.

So when the root word ends in an E, the E is, whoosh, removed before adding the suffix ed.

We don't wanna have two E's, then a D, that will look very strange.

Smile becomes smiled.

Criticise becomes criticised.

Guarantee becomes guaranteed.

So we've removed one of the E's before adding our ed there.

That's an interesting one 'cause it ends in two E's.

So otherwise smile would be smiled.

We have two E's.

How will these words that end in E change when our suffix ed is added them? How will I spell guaranteed, achieved and sacrificed? Remember to look carefully at the spelling of the root words to help you spell the new word.

What was our rule? How will I spell guaranteed, achieved, sacrificed? Pause the video.

Off you go.

Brilliant, so guaranteed, we'll have to remove one of the E's and add ed.

Achieved, remove the E and add ed.

Sacrificed, remove the E and add ed.

Our rule here being remove the E and then add ed.

When the root word contains a short vowel ah, e, i, o, uh, and ends with a consonant, the consonant is doubled before adding the suffix ed.

So stop, o, o, becomes stopped.

Equip, e, e, becomes equipped.

Hug, uh, uh, short vowel sound becomes hugged.

This pattern helps us to pronounce the words properly.

The final consonant is also doubled when the root word has two syllables.

So two beats and the final syllable is stressed.

We very clearly hear it.

The root word ends in a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter.

Let's look at some examples.

Refer, I really emphasise that there, don't I, it's stressed.

Refer, I double the R and add ed.

Commit, I double the T and add ed.

Control, control, two syllables.

That second syllable is stressed, control.

I double the L and add ed.

There are some exceptions to this though.

If the last syllable is not stressed, then the last letter is not doubled.

We looked at one of these earlier, offer.

Oh, I didn't say offer.

It's not stressed.

So I just had ed.

This can be a really difficult one to listen out for.

It's really listening out for those stressed and unstressed vowel sounds.

This can depend on the pronunciation as well of the word.

How will these words change when the suffix ed is added? We have stop, equip, control.

Think about the rules we've looked at.

Remember, the spelling of the root word is going to help you to spell the new word.

How will I spell stopped, equipped, controlled? Pause the video and think now.

Brilliant, so stopped, short vowel sound, o, o, followed by a single consonant letter, double that consonant letter and add ed.

Equip, short vowel sound, e, e, followed by a single consonant letter.

Double the P, add ed.

Control, two-syllable word.

My second syllable there is stressed, so I double the L and add ed.

So here we double the consonant, then add ed.

Have a look carefully at the word pairs below.

Like and liked, slice and sliced, plan and planned.

Which rules have been used? Have you removed the E and add in ed, or we doubled the constant letter, then added ed? Match them now.

Off you go.

Brilliant, like and liked, I've removed the E and added ed.

Slice and sliced, exactly the same.

Remove the E and add ed.

Plan and plan, a, a, followed by single constant letter.

Short vowel sound there, double the consonant, add ed.

So look at these words for me.

I want you to add the ed suffix to each word and match it to the rule that it follows.

We have recognise, worry, embarrass, commit.

Turn these into their past tense versions and decide which rule has been used.

Off you go, team.

Brilliant, so recognise becomes recognised.

I had to remove the E and then add ed.

Worry, oh that's that Y, isn't it? Making that ee sound there, worry.

So I remove the Y and add ied to create worried.

Embarrass, that ends in those constant letters, doesn't it? So I can just add ed and commit to make committed.

Ooh, short vowel sound, e, e, gonna double the final consonant letter and add ed.

Great.

How did you do there? Brilliant, so I want you, for this check task now, to choose the correct spelling in each sentence.

Read the sentences carefully.

Look carefully at the past tense verbs.

Think about the rules we've looked at.

Off you go.

Excellent job, team.

So the first one, A, I smiled when I saw my grandma at the door.

So it's smiled, well, the root word smile ends in an E, whoosh, remove the e and add ed to create smiled.

We don't want two E's.

Developed.

Now be careful.

It might sound like a t, but we know it's our ed because it's the past tense of develop.

That ends in that constant letter.

We just add ed.

The toilet was occupied when I walked by, occupied.

Occupy is our root word here ending in that Y making that ahy sound.

Chop off the Y and add ied for occupied.

And she slipped over on the icy pavement.

Again, like developed, it that T sound at the end, but we know it's the past tense of slip, slipped, ed.

E, e, short vowel sound.

Double the final constant letter, add ed.

Great job.

So what I want you to do now for me is put the root words into the correct column and show what will happen when you add that ed suffix.

Read the words below.

Are you just going to add ed, remove the Y and add ied, remove the E and add ed, or are you going to double the constant letter and add ed? Pause the video, sort them now, and write the past tense versions of ed.

Off you go.

Excellent job, team.

Help, talk, and harass became helped, talked and harassed.

Just add ed, cry, carry, worry became cried, carried, worried, remove the y and add ied.

Share, bake and appreciate, they all ended in E.

Remove the E and add ed.

Hug, clap, control, we had to double the final consonant of letters there and add ed, great job.

Onto our practise task then, which is going to be spelling some words with the suffix ed.

Remember to sound out the word, think of the obvious root word if there is one, and how it's spelt, 'cause that's going to inform you as to how to spell our new past tense verb.

Remember our spelling rules and then to read back and check.

So the first word is occupied.

The toilet was occupied.

Number two, dragged.

I dragged it across the garden.

Number three, persuade.

I hope I can persuade you to stay.

Number four, developed.

I developed some photographs.

And number five, promised, but you promised.

So one, occupied, two, dragged, three persuaded, persuaded, four, developed, five, promised.

Of course, three is persuaded is our past tense, is the past tense of persuade is persuaded.

So occupied, dragged, persuaded, developed, promised.

Pause the video and write those now.

Off you go.

Incredible job, team.

You've clearly been paying so much attention and listening to those rules for how we add that ed suffix.

So occupied, occupy is our root word here, ending in that Y making that ahy sound, whoosh.

Remove the Y and add ied.

Dragged a, a, drag is our root word here, a, a, followed by a single consonant letter, short vowel sound.

So we double the G in add ed.

Persuaded, well, our root word is persuade.

It ends in an E.

We've gotta remove that E and add ed.

Be careful as well that suade is S-U-A-D there.

Developed, sounds like a T, but our root word is develop.

We just add an ed, it ends in that consonant letter.

And promised, again, sounds like a T, doesn't it? But it's not.

Promise is our root word ending in an E.

Remove the E and add ed, promised.

Excellent.

Make any corrections now.

Onto our next learning cycle then, which is irregular past tense verbs.

Let's read some words, determined, suggest.

What do you notice about these spellings? They're curriculum words.

Is there anything interesting about the way they're spelled? Pause the video and have a think.

Great, what you may have noticed, determined has that ed ending, doesn't it? Determined, so the letter E in determined can be easy to forget.

And it follows the same rule as other root words ending in that E, determine, remove the E, then add ed.

Suggest has that double G, but it's not making that hard G, is it? It's making a j, j instead.

The ending of suggest is pronounced like digest.

So which of these are spelt correctly? Point now to the correct spelling of determined.

Go.

Great, remember it's that ed.

We remove the E from the end of our root word determined and add ed for determined.

Suggest, I suggest you listen carefully.

Point to it now.

Be careful here, remember, it's not making a hard g, g, a hard G sound.

It's a suggest.

Brilliant.

So some verbs do not follow the four rules that we've looked at in the same way.

For instance, knew.

I knew the answer.

Threw, I threw the ball.

Sang, I sang a song.

Thought, I thought of an idea.

Kept, I kept a secret.

Slept, I slept all through the night.

Ate, I ate that for my dinner.

And wrote, I wrote to my friend a letter yesterday.

These are all past tense verbs, but they don't end in ed.

These verbs are in the past tense, but not ending in ed.

We call these irregular past tense verbs.

They are irregular because they don't end in ed.

So if you ever hear someone say, oh, that's an irregular past tense verb, it's because it's not ending in ed.

So irregular verbs need to be learned and remembered.

Here's some present tense verbs.

We have know, sing, sleep, eat, write.

Our past tense of know isn't knowed, it's knew.

Our past tense of sing isn't singed, it's sang.

Our past tense of sleep isn't sleeped, it's slept.

And our past tense of eat isn't eated, it's ate.

Our past tense of write isn't writed, it's wrote.

These past tense verbs do not end in that ed suffix.

Can you identify the past tense or the irregular past tense verbs for me here? Remember irregular past tense verbs don't end in ed.

Find them now.

Brilliant job, team.

So it's not gonna be baked, is it? 'Cause that's ending in ed.

Go, I wouldn't say goed.

I would say I went as a past tense, so that is irregular.

Ask or asked, has it become ask or asked? That's ed, so that's a regular past tense.

But know doesn't become knowed, it becomes knew.

I knew the answer, past tense.

Those are both irregular past tense verbs.

They don't end in ed.

So we come across irregular past tense verbs all the time in speaking, reading and writing.

So it's really important we're confident with using them and spelling them.

Whilst they don't follow the same ed rules as regular verbs, we can group some of them together as they follow similar patterns.

For instance, know, grow, blow and throw all end in that ow, don't they? And they all end as a irregular past tense in ew, knew, grew, blew, and threw.

Sing, ring, begin and drink all have that i in them, don't they? And they become sang, rang, began, and drank with that a in them.

Meet, sleep, feed and keep would have that E, double E in them, and they'll then have that short vowel, e, e, and just an e, met, fed, slept, kept.

And think, fight, buy and bring, as their irregular past tense all have oh you grumpy hippo in them: thought, fought, like I fought in a battle, bought, I bought something from the shop, or brought, I brought that with me.

The root word can still help us to spell the past tense verb as there are some similarities.

And it's really important we keep an eye out for these and show our word consciousness.

So can you match, please, the present tense verb to the past tense verb? Look for similar letters in both words.

Off you go.

Great, so think becomes thought, oh you grumpy hippo.

Sing becomes sang, sleep becomes slept, and know becomes knew, great job.

So there are some irregular past tense verbs that we use all the time.

They don't follow a particular pattern.

Last night, we ate popcorn whilst watching a film.

Year five went on a school trip to the theatre last year.

Dad made some biscuits to bring to the cake sale, the past tense of make.

We ran around the field three times during PE, the past tense of run.

During the holidays, I saw my uncle every day past, tense of see.

We can use spelling strategies to practise spelling these words so we remember them.

Adding a fronted adverbial of time at the start of a sentence can help us to make sure the word sounds correct within the sentence as it helps to show the tense.

For instance, yesterday, Gran buy me some new shoes? That doesn't sound right, does it? But I would say yesterday gran bought me some new shoes.

So that's the correct one there.

Using that fronted adverbial of time to make the sentence past tense really helps us to hear what to right or wrong there.

Last Tuesday, we, I want you to have a go here, say the full sentence for me and try saying each version here of the verb.

Choose the correct one.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

So remember that fronted adverbial of time, last Tuesday, we've made it past tense, we sing songs in the hall? No, that wouldn't be right, would it? Yeah, last Tuesday, we sang songs in the hall.

Oh, it has to be that one.

It's that regular past tense verb.

So how will these words change when they're in the past tense? What will eat, go and see become? Remember the spelling of the root word doesn't always help us to spell the new word.

It does sometimes, but think carefully.

Remember that you can try saying them with the word yesterday before.

Use that fronted adverbial of time.

Try and say some sentences.

What will sound right here? Pause the video.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

It becomes ate, doesn't it? Yesterday I ate some food.

I wouldn't say yesterday, I go.

I would say yesterday, I went, and see becomes yesterday, I saw.

Remember, using that strategy of putting that fronted adverbial of time and saying them in a sentence really helps to hear what sounds right as there's no obvious rules here.

So which of these words is spelt correctly? Pause the video, point to the past tense of run now.

Off you go.

Great job.

It is ran, isn't it? It wouldn't be runed.

And it's not gonna have two N's.

It's ran.

That's my past tense of run.

Which of these is spelled correctly? The past tense of make.

Find it now.

Great, so I made M-A-D-E.

So we are now going to have a go at spelling some irregular past tense verbs.

Remember to sound it out.

Think of a root word if there is an obvious one.

Remember the spelling rules.

Remember there might not be one, so try putting it into a sentence perhaps and read the word and check.

These are all going to be irregular past tense verbs, remember, so be careful.

They're not going to end in ed.

So I slept through the night.

The first word is slept.

Number two is fought.

I fought in the battle.

Number three is knew.

I knew the answer to that question.

Number four is thought.

I thought of an answer.

And number five is wrote.

Yesterday I wrote a letter.

So one, slept, two, fought, three, knew, four, thought, and five, wrote.

Great.

Off you go, team.

Brilliant job.

Amazing.

These are a bit more difficult than our ed verbs, aren't they? Because there's less clear and obvious rules.

Let's see how you've done them.

So slept was our first one.

It's not sleeped, is it? It's an irregular past tense verb.

So we're gonna end in that pt, slept.

Fought, as in I fought in a battle, be careful.

It's an F beginning and there's oh you grumpy hippo in it, isn't it? 'Cause it's fight becomes fought, O-U-G-H-T.

Know becomes knew.

I knew the answer.

Remember that has that silent K at the beginning as well.

Watch out for the homophone as well for this word.

It's not new as in brand new.

It's new as in I knew, K-N-E-W.

And thought, I thought of the answer.

So this is our past tense of think.

It's oh you grumpy hippo again, O-U-G-H-T.

And finally wrote.

We didn't say, I writed a letter.

We say I wrote.

Our root word here is write.

It has that silent W.

That W and the R making that r sound, wrote.

Brilliant.

How did you do? Make any corrections now.

Excellent job in spelling today, team.

We've been using the ed suffix.

The ed suffix can be used to create the past tense.

The suffix ed doesn't always sound like you might expect it to.

It can sound like id, d, t at the end of a word, but it is spelt with the letters ed.

Some verbs are irregular and do not follow specific rules and they won't end in ed.

When using the ed suffix, there are four key spelling rules to remember though: just add ed, remove the y, and add ied, remove the e and add ed, and double the consonant at the end of the word and add ed.

Great job, team.

Particularly keep an eye and ear out for those irregular past tense verbs in your reading.

And keep up the great spelling practise.

I'll see you again soon.