Lesson video

Hello, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spelling and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today for the spelling lesson, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that having something to write on and write with would also be excellent.

And having something or someone to talk to would also be really helpful.

Right, let's not waste any more time then and let's get straight into today's spelling lesson.

In this lesson, we're going to be spelling words with Greek and Latin etymology.

The outcome will be, I can spell words of Greek and Latin origin, including spellings, 'sc', 'ch' and 'ph'.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Etymology.

Origin.

So, etymology is the study of the origin of words and the ways their meanings have changed over time.

The origin is the source, or beginning of something like a place, time, or history of a word, or idea.

So, we're spelling words with Greek and Latin etymology today.

So, words that are derived, or that come from both Latin and Greek.

We're gonna begin by looking at the Latin derived 'sc' spelling, and then we're going to look at the Greek derived 'ch' and 'ph' spellings.

And finally, we'll look at spelling some curriculum words.

So, let's begin by looking at the Latin derived 'sc' spelling.

So, etymology is a branch of linguistics, or the study of language that studies the origins and history of words.

Modern English, so the English that we speak today, is a language that has roots in many other languages.

Loads of the words that we used are derived, or come from other languages.

We can think about it as modern English being the tree and branches, as you can see on my illustration here.

But the roots of the tree that have helped it to grow and to form into what it is today are Hindi, Persian, Celtic, Norse, Germanic, Proto-Indo-European, French, and the two languages that we are concentrating on today, Latin and Greek.

If we were to think about the makeup, or the origins of English, where our words come from that we use today? A huge chunk of that is Latin, 29% in fact.

And you can see a small chunk is Greek as well, 6%.

We can see French and Germanic also make up a large amount, and then 6% other, like Hindi and Persian and Celtic, et cetera.

And you can see that a small chunk is also proper names of places.

So, we are concentrating today on our Latin chunk and our Greek chunk, words that are derived or have come from, or originate in those languages.

So, etymologists, the people that study these languages, will consider, or the journey of our language, will consider the journey a word has been on to reach the point it is at today.

It's really fascinating.

Some words have been on incredible journeys.

So, if we look here at this word, it's from Greek.

Watch as it forms, or goes on a journey and turns into a word that we recognise in English today.

This might give you another hint.

It's gone from Greek to Latin.

And then in French, do you see a word here? And then in English, scene, like a movie scene, or a film scene, or a picture scene.

There are many words in the English language that are derived from other languages.

Yoga comes from Sanskrit, ketchup comes from Chinese.

Safari comes from Swahili and Arabic, and bungalow comes from Hindi.

Today, we are going to focus on words that have Latin and Greek origins.

But words come from a variety of different languages.

So listen to these words.

Science.

Like science you might study at school.

Scene, like a movie scene.

Discipline.

So, being in control.

Fascinate.

Crescent, a crescent moon.

Ascend, to go up.

Descend, to go down.

Abscess.

An abscess is a bit like a boil.

It's a painful collection of puss in your body, often due a bacterial infection.

What do you notice about all of these words? Say them again and look carefully at their spelling and how they sound.

Brilliant.

Well, I've noticed they all contain this 'sc', and it's making an S sound, sound, science, scene, discipline.

When this spelling is used, it is most often before an I or an E, those vowels.

Let's find out more about some of the words that use this then and where they come from.

So, we have three words here.

Scuffle.

That's not making a S sound, is it? It is at the beginning, but the 'sc' isn't working together.

Scuffle, you're hearing the k, k.

Scene where it's just the S and the C working together to make that s sound.

Abscess, s, s.

Again, S and C, working together to make that sound.

So, a scuffle is a short, disorganised fight, or struggle, and its origin is in Scandinavian, where that S and that C can both clearly be heard, sc.

But in scene and abscess, the 'sc' is making that S sound.

The place where an event takes place, is a scene like a film scene.

Its origin is found in Latin, and it's the same with abscess, which is a painful swelling containing pus, often caused by bacterial infection.

Again, it's that 'sc' making that S or s sound and its origins are in Latin.

So the words containing the 'sc' spelling of the S or s sound originate from Latin.

Latin was spoken by the Romans and is now studied but not spoken.

So, could you fill in the blanks in the following sentence? Words that contain the mm sound, spelt 'sc' often have a mm origin.

Pick the two words from below and fill in the gap.

Off you go.

Excellent.

Words that contain the S or s sound, spelt 'sc' often have a Latin origin.

Let's look at some further words.

We have the words here.

My turn.

Your turn.

Discipline and crescent.

Again, we can see this 'sc' making this s sound.

Discipline means training people to obey rules.

Being in control of oneself shows that you have good self-discipline.

Its origin because it has this 'sc' making this S sound is in Latin.

Crescent, the shape of the moon when it looks like a narrow arc.

Again, this 'sc' is making this s sound, so its origins are in Latin.

These words are of Latin origin.

They're Latin derived words.

So, we can call them, my turn, your turn, Latin derived words.

Great because they originate from Latin where they come from in our language.

So, could you identify the Latin derived spellings here? Think about the rule that we've looked at.

Excellent.

Scab, like a scab you might get if you have a graze.

Hmm, I can clearly hear that S and the C here, they're not working together to make one sound, so that's not Latin derived.

Seen, ooh, the S and the C there are working together to make that S sound.

That is Latin derived.

Scheme, ooh, again, I can hear s, but then the 'ch' is working together to make a k sound, so that's not Latin derived.

But abscess, again, the S and the C are working together to make that s, the S sound.

So yes, it is a Latin derived word.

Sometimes just seeing the word in a sentence can help us to know whether it is correct or not.

Jun's favourite subject has always been science.

If I look carefully here, I know it's my 'sc', Latin derived.

The magician never failed to fascinate the audience.

So, again, I see on its own, I don't think it would work here.

It's my 'sc' Latin derived.

So, with the words that we've just looked at and the rules that we've just looked at in mind, look carefully at the spellings that are highlighted.

Also consider which ones look correct.

Choose the correct spelling for each sentence.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

"You must discipline your dog." So, make it follow the rules or make it follow your orders.

And it's our Latin derived 'sc', not just an S on its own.

"Nestled in the starry sky, the crescent moon glowed." That's our 'sc'.

And, "The scene is often set at the start of a story." It's our 'sc' Latin derived.

So, we're gonna have a go out spelling some words that contain this Latin derived 'sc' spelling.

I'll say the words and then you can have a go at writing them.

Let's go.

The first word is science.

Science is one of my favourite subjects to study.

Number two is scene.

The scene was set.

Number three, discipline.

Number four, fascinate.

And number five, crescent.

The crescent moon glowed in the sky.

So, we have science, scene, discipline, fascinate, crescent.

Off you go, team.

Excellent job.

Super impressed.

So the first one was science.

It's that 'sc' and then I-E-N-C-E at the end.

Be careful, it's that 'ce' for that S at the end as well.

Scene like a movie scene.

Be careful.

I'm not talking about, I have seen, S-E-E-N.

I'm talking about a film scene or setting the scene.

S-C-E-N-E, the place where something's taking place.

Discipline was our next word.

Be careful.

This also has the 'sc' in it, but the E at the end as well.

Discipline with that naughty E at the end.

Fascinate, it's that 'sc', fascin, but we don't pronounce the C.

The S and the C work together to make that s, the S sound, fascinate.

Then we had crescent, like the crescent moon.

Crescent, it's got that s, it's coming in the middle.

C-R-E-S-C working together, Latin derived, E-N-T, crescent.

Be careful.

It's ENT as well.

I know it sound like an 'unt'.

How did you do? Check, make any corrections, share your learning.

Off you go.

On to our next learning cycle then.

We've just looked at some Latin derived words.

Now, we're gonna move on to some Greek derived words.

We're moving on to Greek derived 'ch' and 'ph'.

So, let's listen to some words.

Chemist.

Chemist is the person who mixes chemicals.

Chorus, that part of a song or group of people singing.

Character, chaos, chronology, putting things in timely order.

Scheme, like a plan.

Echo, that you might hear back.

Technology.

What do you notice? Say the words again.

Look carefully at the spellings.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

Well, I've noticed they all contain the 'ch', don't they? But it's not making a ch sound.

It's making a k sound.

A hard K.

Let's find out more about some words that contain this.

Here we have the words, chef, chemist, echo, and chorus.

So, a chef is a cook.

It's a noun.

It has French origin 'cause it's 'ch'.

Chemist with that hard k, k, an expert in the field of chemistry.

This time the 'ch' is making not a sh sound like in chef, which is French, but a hard k, so it's Greek in origin.

Echo, a repeating of a sound.

Again, it's Greek 'cause it's a 'ch' making that hard K.

And chorus, a group of people who sing together.

Again, 'ch' making that hard k, so it's Greek in origin.

The words containing the 'ch' spelling of the K or k sound originate from the Greek language.

Can you identify the Greek derived spellings here then? Brilliant.

Chef.

Well, no, we just spoke about that one.

It's making a sh sound, so in it's French derived.

Match is making a ch sound, so it's not Greek derived.

But chemist and chorus, both of that 'ch' at the beginning and both making that k, k sound are Greek derived.

Listen to these words.

Phrase, that group of words that can be said.

Pharmacy, the place you might go to to get some medicine.

Phobia, fear.

Phantom, like a ghost.

Photograph, elephant, telephone, symphony.

What do you notice here? Again, what spellings do you notice being used consistently and what sound are they making? Say the words and have a think.

Brilliant.

So, I've noticed they all have this 'ph', don't they? They all contain the letters 'ph' making the F sound.

F, f, phrase, pharmacy, phobia.

All of these words are also nouns, I've noticed.

Let's find out a bit more about some of the words that uses 'ph' then.

Look, f-f-ish, an animal that lives in water and has fins and gills.

This is spelt with an F, and its origin is in Germanic.

But phobia, symphony, and phantom all have this 'ph' spelling for this f, f sound, this F sound.

A phobia is a strong fear or dislike about something.

Its origins are in Greek.

Symphony has that 'ph' for that f, a musical piece for an orchestra, again originates from Greek.

And phantom, a ghost with that 'ph', for that f originates in Greek.

Words contain the 'ph' spelling for that F sound or f sound originate from the Greek language.

How fascinating.

Could you fill in the blanks in the following sentence? Words that contain the mm sounds spelled 'ph' and the mm sounds spelled 'ch' often come from mm.

Off you go.

Great job.

So, words that contain the F or f sound spelt 'ph' and the K sounds spelled 'ch' often come from Greek.

Can you identify the Greek derived spellings here? Off you go.

I find saying the words really helps.

Fluffy.

No, there's no Greek derived letters there.

'Ph' in phobia, and it's making that F sound, so that one does.

Symphony again, 'ph' making that f sound, that F sound, Greek derived.

Tough.

It's making a f, but it's the O-U-G-H.

"The colour scheme was bold and bright." Which is the correct one here? Well, yeah, it's our Greek derived 'ch' for that k, scheme.

"We took a photograph and sent it to Dad." Photograph.

It's our 'ph' for that f, photograph.

Greek derived.

So, I want you to identify the correct spelling of the word that's highlighted in these sentences please.

Consider the spelling we've been looking at, but also what looks right to you.

Off you go.

Excellent.

"Andeep has a phobia of snakes." So, a fear or deep dislike.

It's our 'ph', Greek derived.

It's that f, f, F at the beginning, 'ph'.

"I shouted into the cave and an echo, k, k, bounced back." It's our Greek derived 'ch' for that K.

And, "Who is your favourite character?" Again, it's our 'ch' character.

So, we're gonna have a go now at spelling some Greek derived words of our 'ch' and 'ph'.

Listen carefully.

Remember to look at what you think looks correct once you've written it as well.

The first word is chemist.

The chemist mix the chemicals.

Number two scheme.

I don't like that colour scheme.

Number three is symphony.

The symphony orchestra played a wonderful piece.

Number four, pharmacy.

I went to the pharmacy to collect my medication.

Number five, phantom.

So, we have chemist, scheme, symphony, pharmacy, phantom.

Have a good writing those now.

Off you go.

Brilliant job team.

Really impressed.

Great use of our Greek derived 'ch' and 'ph'.

So, the first one was chemist, and it's our k, k sound coming at the beginning of the word.

So, it's our 'ch' spelling, our Greek derived C-H-E-M-I-S-T, chemist.

Then we had scheme, like a scheme of work or a colour scheme.

Be careful.

This eme is E-M-E and it's (indistinct).

So our 'ch', scheme, S-C-H-E-M-E.

Then we had symphony.

Now, there's a couple of bits to watch out in this word.

It's quite a strange and tricky word.

So, obviously we have our f, f, Greek derived 'ph' spelling in it, but it's S-Y-M-P-H-O-N-Y, symphony.

Strange spelling there.

Then we have pharmacy.

Again, our f or F, 'ph', Greek derived pharmacy.

And that E at the end is a Y.

Pharmacy, it's a C-Y.

Then we have phantom, like a ghost, f or F, P-H-A-N-T-O-M, phantom.

Great job of applying our Greek derived 'ch' and 'ph'.

Check your learning now, make any corrections, and share your learning as well.

Off you go.

Then we're onto spelling curriculum words.

So, let's read the following words.

Stomach.

Oh, I think I recognise something here.

Yacht.

Now, it's not making that hard sound, is it? So, this is a bit different.

Do you notice anything about these spellings? Say them again.

Stomach.

My stomach hurts.

Yacht.

I sailed a yacht across the harbour.

So, stomach and yacht.

Do you notice anything interesting about them? Just have a think.

Brilliant.

Well, I've noticed a couple of things.

The first is in stomach that, 'o', sounds like an 'u', doesn't it? Stomach.

And the 'ch' at the end sounds like a K.

This means that it's a Greek derived spelling, 'cause that 'ch' is making that hard, k, stomach.

Then we have yacht.

Yacht is a strange word.

The 'a' sounds like an 'o', doesn't it? Yacht.

And the letters 'ch' are not pronounced.

They're almost like silent letters.

This spelling has Dutch origins, which is really fascinating.

So, we have stomach and yacht.

Which of the words that we just read are spelled correctly here? Point now to the correct spelling of stomach.

Brilliant.

So, remember to be careful.

Stomach.

Now, it's that 'o' and then it's our 'ch'.

It's Greek derived word.

And then now point to the correct spelling of yacht as in a sailing yacht.

Brilliant.

Remember to be careful as well.

It's an 'a' making that, 'o', and then there's that 'ch', which we don't pronounce at all.

We're gonna read another word now that's a curriculum word.

This word is ancient as in the ancient Egyptians.

What do you notice about this spelling? Anything interesting about it? Have a think.

Okay, well I've noticed this 'ie' here.

It has the letter string, 'ie' in it.

In ancient, the letters 'ci' are working to be able to make a 'ch' sound before the E-N-T ending, which sounds like 'unt'.

Doesn't sound ancient.

Ancient.

So be careful, it's C-I-E-N-T.

So, with that in mind, which of these is the correct spelling? Now, point to it.

Brilliant.

Ancient.

It's that A-N, and then it's that 'ci' making that ch.

And it's that E-N-T.

Ancient.

Great.

So, because these are curriculum words and they're gonna appear with great regularity and they have slightly tricky elements to them, it's really important that we practise them using our look, cover, write, check strategy, a really great independent strategy.

So, we're gonna practise stomach, yacht, and ancient now.

This is where you look careful at the word and consider what's difficult about it.

So, stomach for instance, I know it's got that 'o' for that 'a', and that 'ch' gets Greek derived at the end for that k sound.

I then cover the word up and then have a go writing it in my neatest handwriting.

Oh, and then I check back myself and independently to see if I got it right.

I got it right.

But I do it a number of times.

Look, cover, write, check to really embed it into my long-term memory.

So, I'd like you to use this strategy now to have a good writing out these three words a number of times.

Off you go.

Great job team.

So, I'm hoping you've got 'em written out a number of times like this stomach, yacht, and ancient.

Check now to make sure that you haven't got any mistakes.

Great job in spelling today, team.

We've been spelling words with both Greek and Latin etymology.

Remember that many words in the English language come from other languages.

In words of Latin origin, the letters 'sc' often make an S sound.

Example, words include seen, crescent, and fascinate.

In words of Greek origin, so words derived from Greek, the letters 'ch' often make a k or K sound, and the letters 'ph' make an F or f sound.

Examples include phobia, phantom, and phrase.

Keep up the great learning and see if you can spot any other words that you think might be of Greek and Latin etymology in your reading.

I'll see you again soon.