how a text flows to maintain the interest of the reader and achieve text purpose

language structures that develop text cohesion

a phrase, word or sentence used to introduce a section of a text

a sentence used at the start of a paragraph

Writing further specific sections of a non-chronological report about a penguin

English

In this unit, pupils use extensive research from a range of sources as another technique to strengthen writer's credibility.

In 'Wild Cats: Non-Chronological Report', pupils were introduced to using the passive voice to maintain writer's credibility. In this unit, pupils will use extensive research from a range of sources as another technique to strengthen writer's credibility.

Pandas or Antarctic animals: non-chronological report

Match the type of fronted adverbial to the example.

The penguins spend half the year at sea, but they come ashore to breed. 

The penguins spend half the year at sea and they come ashore to breed. 

The penguins spend half the year at sea, or they come ashore to breed. 

The penguins spend half the year at sea although they come ashore to breed. 

Choose **two** options that successfully combine these two ideas in a compound sentence. The penguins spend half the year at sea. They come ashore to breed. 

Because one parent sits on the egg, the other forages at sea. 

One parent sits on the egg so that the other forages at sea. 

One parent sits on the egg while the other forages at sea. 

One parent sits on the egg even though the other forages at sea. 

How could these two ideas be combined in a complex sentence? One parent sits on the egg. The other forages at sea. 

The penguin mostly eats krill. In addition, it sometimes consumes small fish. 

The penguin mostly eats krill. Due to this, it sometimes consumes small fish. 

The penguin mostly eats krill. However, it sometimes consumes small fish. 

The penguin mostly eats krill. As a result, it sometimes consumes small fish. 

Choose **two** options that successfully connect these two sentences with a fronted adverbial. The penguin mostly eats krill. It sometimes consumes small fish. 

The macaroni penguin largely survives on krill (a small crustacean. 

The macaroni penguin largely survives on (krill a small crustacean). 

The macaroni penguin largely survives on krill (a small crustacean). 

Which example combines these ideas using parenthesis correctly? The macaroni penguin largely survives on krill. Krill is a small crustacean. 

The penguin is sociable. It can use noises to communicate. 

The penguin, which is sociable, can use noises to communicate. 

The penguin (a sociable creature) can use noises to communicate. 

The penguin is sociable, using noises to communicate. 

Which of the following passages have good text cohesion?

Oil secretions, which waterproof the feathers, help keep them warm.

Their blubber layer insulates them and their flippers help them swim.

Because they have a blubber layer, they can stay warm.

Consequently, they are able to survive in the cold ocean.

Match the types of cohesive device to the examples. 

The penguins have a rough tongue because they can grip their slippery prey.

The penguins have a rough tongue so that they can grip their slippery prey.

The penguins have a rough tongue even though they can grip their slippery prey.

Which of these examples correctly connects these ideas? The penguins have a rough tongue. They can grip their slippery prey.

Penguins have solid bones that help them to dive deep. 

Penguins are well-adapted to their ocean habitat. 

Which of the following could be an introductory sentence for an adaptations section of a non-chronological report? 

Which cohesive device has been used here? The penguin has a thick, orange-brown bill. As well as this, it has pink legs and feet. 

Because their belly plumage is white, the feathers on their back are black.

While their belly plumage is white, the feathers on their back are black.

Their belly plumage is white. Due to this, the feathers on their back are black.

Which option below combines this information correctly to improve text cohesion? Their belly plumage is white. The feathers on their back are black. 

Which fronted adverbials could join these two ideas? The penguin is known for its yellow crest. This does not develop until later in their life. 

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