Lesson video

Hi everybody, it's Miss Gardner and welcome to today's vocabulary lesson.

In today's lesson we are going to be looking at vocabulary that we can use to describe water.

There are lots of different ways we can describe water because it comes in so many different forms and in so many different contexts, we drink water, we swim in it.

There's lots of different bodies of water, so it's really important that we're using really precise vocabulary when we're describing it in our writing.

So hopefully you'll find this lesson really useful and you'll learn lots of new words that you can use in your writing.

So let's get started.

Your learning outcome for today's lesson is to effectively use the words treacherous, murky, and other rich vocabulary associated with the water.

We'll start by looking at the keywords.

We'll do my turn, your turn.

Noun.

A noun is a naming word for people, places, or things.

Adjective.

An adjective is a word that describes a noun.

Synonym.

A synonym is a word that has the same or similar meaning to another word.

Word pair.

These are words that often appear together.

So there are three learning cycles in our lesson today.

In the first we'll be learning our first new water word, then we'll be learning our second new word associated with water, and then in the third learning cycle we'll be learning four new words associated with water.

So let's start with our first new water word.

Before I reveal what the word is, I want you to take a really close look at this picture.

What is happening? What can you see? How do Yin and Yang look? Do they seem scared? Do they seem excited? In a moment, you can pause the video and you can discuss this with your partner, your class, whoever you're with, or you can just have some thinking time.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Okay, so what is happening in this picture? Yin and Yang look like they're whitewater rafting.

They're on some rapids which look really quite big, don't they? It isn't a calm and gentle stream that they're riding their boat on, it looks pretty aggressive waters.

So, you can describe the waters in this picture as treacherous.

My turn, your turn.

Treacherous.

Treacherous is an adjective and it means dangerous or unsafe.

Like terrifying rapids that might throw you out of your boat.

So the rapids in this picture are treacherous, they're really rough, really big, and it's not easy to row a boat along them because they're so dangerous.

Other forms you could use the word treacherous in is as an adverb, treacherously, that means like dangerously.

We're going to be looking at it as an adjective in today's lesson though.

These words are synonyms of treacherous, so they have a similar meaning.

We'll do my turn, your turn.

Risky.

Full of risk.

Unsafe.

It means it's not safe, the opposite of safe.

Dangerous.

Let's have a look at the word in a sentence.

Yin and Yang looked nervously at the wild water of the treacherous rapids.

So these rapids are being described as treacherous, they're dangerous and unsafe.

These words are word pairs of treacherous.

I'll read them aloud first and then you can have a go at saying them as well because we know that it's really important to say our word pairs as well to make sure that we remember them.

Treacherous ice.

So if you're driving along a snowy road and there's lots of ice along the road, you can describe it as treacherous because it could cause your car to skid.

Treacherous water.

In the picture here the water looks treacherous, dangerous, because it's so rough.

A treacherous route.

That's a journey you make and if you choose the treacherous route, maybe it's treacherous because there's really steep hills, maybe it's treacherous because it's really close to the coastline, or maybe a walking route is treacherous because it's on the cliff's edge and it's starting to erode.

Treacherous conditions.

If the conditions, maybe the weather conditions are treacherous, there's lots of storm and ice, and blizzards, you can't see clearly, these are treacherous weather conditions.

The treacherous journey.

You can describe an enemy as treacherous because they're dangerous and it's not safe to be fighting against them.

So checking for understanding.

Which of these words is a synonym of treacherous? A, journey.

B, dangerous.

Or C, pleasant.

Remember, synonym is a word which has a similar meaning.

Pause the video now.

A synonym of treacherous is B, dangerous.

A, journey, is a word pair, the treacherous journey and C, pleasant, is more of an antonym really, it has an opposite meaning, it doesn't mean at all like treacherous.

Well done.

Okay, it's time for task A.

You need to complete the word mat for the word treacherous.

Around the word you can see either synonyms or word pairs, you need to circle the synonyms, so words which have a similar meaning, treacherous is an adjective so the synonyms will also be adjectives, and then you need to draw lines to the word pairs, so words that could be described as treacherous in a sentence.

Here's the sentence to help you.

Yin and Yang looked nervously at the wild water of the treacherous rapids.

Remember, that if you can replace the word treacherous in a sentence with another word and the sentence still makes sense, then it's most likely a synonym.

For example, Yin and Yang looked nervously at the wild water of the dangerous rapids.

Dangerous is a synonym because that sentence still makes sense.

So, pause the video now and off you go.

Well done everybody, let's go through it.

Our synonyms for treacherous are dangerous, unsafe, and risky.

Our word pairs treacherous ice, treacherous route, treacherous water, treacherous conditions, treacherous journey, and treacherous enemy.

Well done.

Now we're going to learn our second new water word.

What is happening in this picture? What can you see? What does the water look like? You can use these sentence starters to help you.

I can see.

Oz is.

The water looks.

Remember, we're describing the water this lesson.

So, pause the video now and have a think or discuss this with your partner or whoever you're with.

Okay, so what is happening in this picture? It looks like Oz is going snorkelling, doesn't she? She's got her snorkelling goggles on.

It looks like she's in a pond because it's quite brown and green, it doesn't look like a beautiful blue ocean, does it? Maybe it's a pond.

The water doesn't look very clean and the fish doesn't look particularly happy to be in this water.

Oz looks like she's struggling to see the fish, you can see she's squinting.

And the reason that she's squinting is because the water is not very clear.

We can describe the water as murky.

My turn, your turn.

Murky.

Murky is an adjective and it means dark, muddy, or cloudy like water that's so dirty you can barely see through it.

So you can see that's why Oz is struggling to see the fish because the water is so dirty.

Other meanings, it's also an adjective but it can mean when something is suspiciously unclear or unexplained.

So for example, if a police was interviewing somebody for a crime maybe and they're telling a story and it's not really clear, like that doesn't really quite make sense, it's a little bit unexplained why you were there, you can describe that as a bit murky, their story.

So that's murky in another context.

So, these words are synonyms of murky, we'll do my turn, your turn.

Dark.

Muddy.

Muddy, mud.

Cloudy.

Cloudy apple juice for example, is like the opposite of clear apple juice.

Cloudy apple juice is less transparent, it's harder to see through.

Let's have a look at the word in a sentence.

Oz swam down to the murky depths where strange fish hid in the darkness.

These words are word pairs of murky.

I'll say them aloud first and then you can have a go at reading them too.

Murky darkness.

The darkness which is really hard to see through.

Murky water like in the picture here.

Murky depths, so when you go really far down in the water, the murky depths.

Murky sky, maybe it's really cloudy and smoky, you can't see through it, it's murky.

Murky past is a slightly different context, if someone has a murky past, their past, their history is a bit unexplained, it's a bit suspicious, something doesn't seem quite right.

And murky story, again, a bit like the past, a murky story is a bit unexplained, a bit unclear, again, something doesn't seem quite right.

So, pause the video now and off you go saying aloud the word pairs.

Well done.

Let's check for understanding.

Which of these words is a synonym of murky? A, clear.

B, past.

Or C, cloudy.

Pause the video now.

The synonym is cloudy, C.

A is an antonym, an opposite meaning and B, past, is a word pair, the murky past, someone had a murky past, a history.

Well done.

It's time for task B, we need to complete the word mat for the word murky.

First you'll circle the synonyms, so words which have a similar meaning to murky, then you'll draw lines to the word pairs.

Remember you can use the sentence to help you.

Oz swam down to the murky depths where strange fish hid in the darkness.

If you can replace the word murky with another word and the sentence still makes sense, then it's probably a synonym.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Okay, well done.

Let's go through it.

Our synonyms for murky are dark, cloudy, and muddy.

Our word pairs, murky depths, so really far down below in the bottom of the pond, murky water, murky darkness, murky story, a story which doesn't really make sense, murky sky, and then someone's murky past.

Well done.

Now you need to write a sentence using either the word treacherous or murky.

Use the word pairs to help you.

Here are the word pairs for treacherous and the word pairs for murky.

So start by choosing which word pair you want to use.

So for example, the treacherous ice and then you can build your sentence around it.

The treacherous ice made the journey very slow.

However, I do want you to try and be really ambitious with this sentence.

Maybe you could use a relative clause, maybe you could use a fronted adverbial, or show not tell or figurative language, or, could you include a non-finite clause? So one of those subordinate clause that starts with an ing verb.

So, pause the video now and off you go.

Well done everybody.

Can you help me check, does my sentence use murky correctly? And, does it include a non-finite clause? Show me with my thumbs up or thumbs down.

Trying to desperately find a way out of the pond, Brick dunked his head under the murky waters and swam to the other side.

So, did I include a non-finite clause? I did, trying to desperately find a way out of the pond followed by a comma is a non-finite clause.

And did I use murky correctly? I did, I used it with the word pair waters, under the murky waters.

So yes, I have, thank you for helping me check.

Now, you need to pause the video, read back through your sentence and think about how effectively you used the word treacherous or murky.

Pause the video now.

Well done.

It's time for the third part of our lesson where we're gonna be learning four new words associated with the water.

Have a look at these pictures.

Can you predict what each word may be? I'm going to talk through each picture and as I'm doing that you can be having a think about what the word might be.

So, the first picture, Yin and Yang look like they're canoeing, don't they? They've got their life jackets on and they're out in the sea or the ocean now there's definitely some waves there, you can see the waves there, and they must be quite strong because they've actually broken one of Yin or Yang's oar.

So how could you describe the water in this picture? Then, the next picture.

Armie who looks like he's had a coffee with whipped cream or whipped foam on top and how could we describe that foam or the milk on the top of his coffee that's almost created a beard? Then in the third picture, Grit has gone fishing in a pond which doesn't look very nice, does it? It looks quite smelly, there looks like a tub of toxic waste, the fish that he's caught is dead and covered in flies.

So how could you describe the water in this pond? Then in the final picture, Oz has just opened an oyster and there's a pearl inside the oyster which is shining and glistening.

So how could we describe that pearl? Pause the video now and off you go thinking about what each word might be.

Okay, well done, let's go through these.

We'll do my turn, your turn for each word.

Our first picture was choppy.

Choppy.

Choppy is an adjective which means rough or stormy, like the ocean when it is full of small, bumpy waves.

So the ocean in that picture is choppy, so the waves have caused the oar to break.

The next picture of Armie was frothy.

Frothy.

Frothy is an adjective which means foaming or bubbly, like coffee covered in whipped cream.

You can see the frothy milk there, the frothy cream.

Third picture is stagnant.

Stagnant.

Stagnant is an adjective and it means stale or lifeless, like a dirty pond where nothing is living or moving.

The stagnant pond, the waters are stagnant and still, no new fresh water is coming in, so it's just sitting there, collecting waste.

And then our final picture is shimmering.

Shimmering.

Shimmering is an adjective which means gleaming or glistening, like a precious pearl when it catches the light.

Okay, let's check for understanding.

Can you match the adjective to the correct image? Pause the video now.

Okay, so frothy, that's with the picture of Armie with his frothy beard and the frothy coffee.

Choppy, Yin and Yang canoeing in the choppy waters.

Shimmering, that shimmering, shining pearl.

And then stagnant, the stagnant pond water which is becoming quite stale and collecting lots of waste.

Well done.

Right, we now need to complete the word mats for these words.

First one we're going to do is for stagnant.

Now, unlike the word mats in task A and task B, we haven't gone through the synonyms and word pairs together so you're going to have to use the picture, the definition, and the sentence to help you, and your knowledge of what is a word pair and what is a synonym.

Here is the sentence for stagnant Grit one took of the pond's stagnant water and immediately threw up.

So, your synonyms will also be adjectives and then the word pairs are the words that could be described as stagnant.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Okay, well done, let's go through it.

Our synonyms of stagnant, words which have a similar meaning are foul, lifeless, and stale.

Stale you often would use to describe, like bread can go stale, it's no longer fresh.

Then the word pairs, stagnant pond like in this picture there, the stagnant water, stagnant sewage, the stale and smelly sewage, a stagnant ditch, stagnant wages.

This is a little bit different.

If your wages, your wages are what you get paid each month, if they are stagnant, that means you're never ever getting paid any more, they just stay at the same rate, they're just still, so stagnant.

A stagnant puddle, a puddle which just sits there, it doesn't evaporate or get any more water in it, it just sits there stagnantly.

The stagnant air.

The air in a room can become stagnant if you don't open the window and let in fresh air so then the room can start to smell.

And then a stagnant swamp, a bit like the picture as well.

A swamp is just this kind of muddy, dirty collection of water.

Well done.

Now we're going to complete the word mat for frothy.

Here's your sentence to help you.

Armie had a frothy foam moustache and beard from his milkshake.

So which words have got similar meanings to frothy and what could be described as frothy? Pause the video now and circle the synonyms and draw lines to the word pairs.

Off you go.

Well done.

So our synonyms for frothy are foaming, fizzy, and bubbly, lots of bubbles.

And then our word pairs, frothy cappuccino, that's a type of coffee, a frothy coffee, so coffee with frothy milk at the top, frothy milk, milk that's heated up or steamed and so it's become bubbly and frothy.

The frothy sea.

Frothy sea, you might have seen it before when the sea has got lots of white bubbles on the top.

Frothy foam, and then frothy water, again a bit like the sea.

If water is frothy, it's kind of become bubbly or fizzy, or foaming, lots of white foam and bubbles.

Well done.

Now we're going to complete the word mat for choppy.

Here's your sentence to help you.

Yin and Yang felt sick as the frothy water tossed the boat from side to side.

So that's when the water is a little bit choppy, it's a little bit rough, it's not very smooth or calm.

So pause the video now, circle the synonyms and draw lines to the word pairs.

Off you go.

Okay, so our synonyms for choppy were blustery, like a blustery wind, choppy wind, it's quite aggressive, it's not a gentle breeze.

Rough.

The rough seas, there's lots of waves, you're going up and down, it might make you feel a little bit seasick.

And then stormy.

Word pairs, the choppy river maybe filled with rapids, choppy sea, lots of waves making the sea really choppy, up and down.

Choppy water, choppy waves, choppy weather, that means there's lots of wind, things are blowing, it's blustery, it's choppy.

A choppy voyage, you might catch the ferry to go to another country and if it's really windy and the waves are really rough, your boat will go up and down, you can describe it as a choppy voyage.

Or you could describe it as a choppy crossing, a boat crossing which is really choppy and rough.

Well done.

Now we need to complete the word mat for shimmering.

Here's the sentence to help you.

Oz received a gleaming, shimmering pearl as a gift for her birthday.

So which words have got a similar meaning to shimmering? They're your synonyms and then draw lines to the word pairs.

Pause the video now.

Okay, let's go through it, our synonyms for shimmering are sparkling, like a sparkling diamond, gleaming, your gleaming smile, really bright smile, glistening, glistening, if a surface is really clean it can be shining, you described it as glistening.

Then, the word pairs.

Shimmering sea, maybe the sun is shining down on the sea and it's shimmering and it's beautiful and glistening.

The shimmering surface, maybe you've just cleaned a marble surface and it's shining and shimmering.

A shimmering dress, a silk dress that shimmers in the light.

Shimmering light, maybe like disco lights.

Shimmering beauty, shimmering water, again a bit like the ocean, shimmering water, it's glistening and bright, and then a shimmering lake.

Maybe if you go to a lake to watch the sunrise you'll see the sun rise above the lake and then the water will be glistening and it's a glistening, shimmering lake.

Well done.

Now it's the final task of today's lesson and you need to fill in the gaps with either the words treacherous, murky, frothy, stagnant, choppy, or shimmering.

I'll read out the sentence and as I'm reading them, you could be thinking about which word could go in the blanks.

During a mm crossing over the ocean, Armie got seasick.

Oz enjoyed her mm coffee every morning.

Brick searched for his sandal in the mm water, but he could barely see anything.

Oz gazed into the mm surface of the sparkling lake.

Foul fumes rose from the mm swamp as everything continued to rot.

Bogart's boat tour was cancelled due to mm conditions at sea.

If you're finding any of them a little bit tricky, you can always use the word mats from earlier in the lesson and look at the word pairs to help you complete these sentences.

Pause the video now and off you go.

Well done everybody, let's go through it.

So, during a choppy crossing over the ocean, Armie got seasick.

Oz enjoyed her frothy coffee every morning.

Brick searched for his sandal in the murky water, but he could barely see anything.

Oz gazed into the shimmering surface of the sparkling lake.

Foul fumes rose from the stagnant swamp as everything continued to rot.

And Bogart's boat tour was cancelled due to treacherous conditions at sea.

Great job today, well done.

Here's a summary of everything we've learnt.

Treacherous is an adjective which means dangerous or unsafe, like terrifying rapids that might throw you out of your boat.

Murky is an adjective which means dark, muddy, or cloudy, like water that's so dirty you can barely see through it.

Choppy is an adjective which means rough or stormy, like the ocean when it is full of small, bumpy waves.

Frothy is an adjective which means foaming or bubbly, like a coffee covered in whipped cream.

Stagnant is an adjective which means stale or lifeless, like a dirty pond where nothing is living or moving.

Shimmering is an adjective which means gleaming or glistening, like a precious pearl when it catches the light.

Great job.