Hi there, I'm Mr. Buckingham and it's so good to see you here for today's lesson.

Now today we're going to be continuing to read "The Wonderful When the Sky Falls" by Phil Earle.

And hopefully you've now read up to the end of chapter 34.

Now, today we are going to read about some events in Joseph's life which are quite upsetting.

So please check with an adult that they're happy for you to complete this lesson and of course speak to a trusted adult afterwards if anything in this lesson upsets you.

If you're ready, let's begin.

Today's lesson is called Exploring Characters Emotions and it comes from my unit called "When the Sky Falls" reading.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to describe key events in chapters 35, 36 and 37, and to explain how the author's descriptions and language choices help to show characters changing emotions.

For this lesson, you'll need to have access to the 2021 and some press edition of "When the Sky Falls written by Phil Earle.

If you've got that with you, let's begin.

Here are our keywords for today's lesson.

We know that emotions are strong feelings that result from a person's circumstances, mood or relationships with others.

If we infer, we draw a conclusion from information and evidence in a text.

Evidence is informational facts to show something is true and language choices are particular words or phrases used by the author to convey a certain image or feeling.

Here's our lesson now for today, we're going to start off by reading and exploring chapters 35, 36 and 37 and then we'll move on to exploring how emotions are depicted, which means showing.

So here's a summary of the events of chapters 26 to 34 of "When The Sky Falls" which should already have written.

We know that Bert's dad comes to the zoo saying that Adonis is a danger after Adonis attacked Bert and Joseph Freedom.

Joseph and Miss Seth then have a long chat at night where Joseph explains his struggles with reading and Syd and Joseph learned that the council want Adonis sent away within two weeks or they will shoot him because of what he did to Bert.

Joseph is then really thrilled when he manages to feed Adonis successfully.

Then Joseph is caned on the hand for cheating on Mr. Grace's test and the reason he was seen to be cheating was that Syd had helped him to memorise the book instead of reading it and Mr. Grace had realised this.

And finally Mr. Seth then interrupted mid caning and shamed Mr. Grace in front of the whole school snapping his cane currents into and taking Joseph out of the school forever.

So that's the event we finished on at the end of chapter 34.

So can you explain whether you think each character is currently at a character low or a character high at the end of chapter 34? And why? Pause the video and decide.

Well done, good job.

So for Joseph, we could say he's at a high because Mrs. F has just saved him from being caned again and he's now not going to have to return to Mr. Grace's school ever again.

For Adonis, we could say he's at a low because he's at risk of being killed or taken away by the council.

Now for Mr. Grace, he's also at low because he's just been humiliated by Mrs. F in front of the whole school.

Really well done for your thoughts there.

So what might Joseph be thinking as he leaves school with Mrs F at this moment? Okay, try to answer in the role as Joseph.

What might he be thinking in his head as he walks away from school, pause the video and have a think.

Good thank you, well done.

So maybe he's thinking something like this.

I can't believe what just happened.

Mrs. F absolutely destroyed him and Clarence, this is the best thing that's happened to me for years and no school tomorrow either.

I don't think I'm ever going to forget Grace's face when he saw Clarence shatter on Mrs. F's knee and even Miss Doherty argued back to him.

I can't believe Mrs. F stood up for me like that, I'm beginning to think maybe she's all right after all.

So I've tried to show that Jason feeling quite excited by what's just happened because someone has stood up for him and taken his side in a situation in his life where he was in trouble and that's not something he's necessarily that used to.

So at the end of chapter 34, we are told that Mrs. F looks grave, which means serious, and she tells Joseph they need to talk about something, what she predict has happened that Mrs. F wants to talk about.

Pause the video and have a think.

Here's what Lucas thinks.

He says, I think something must have happened with Adonis.

Maybe the council have run out of patience and they've come to kill him already.

Here's what Syd thinks.

Or maybe it's something to do with Joseph, maybe his grandmother has written to Mrs. F and she wants him to go back home.

That'd be a shame because he's just starting to fit in.

So we're going to find out as we read whether our predictions are correct.

So we're now going to read chapters 35 and 36, and here's some vocabulary you'll encounter in these chapters.

Elation is a word for great happiness and if you're seduced by someone's words, you're taken in or tricked by what they're saying.

If you do something imperiously, you do it in a kind of unpleasantly proud kind of way.

A telegram was a short message sent using wise and then delivered by hand that was used at this time and incessant means nonstop.

So if I said stop that incessant talking, I'd mean stop that nonstop talking.

So I'd like you to read chapters 35 and 36 swapping with your partner and repeating if you finish.

Now, these chapters do contain some upsetting events, so if you do find them upsetting, please do talk to a trusted adult after you finish reading and take some time to think about them before you continue with the lesson, pause the video, have a go at reading these chapters and then come back when you're ready.

So unfortunately, we've seen Joseph receive some really horrible news there, haven't we? That sadly his dad has died in the war, at the end of chapter 35 there we saw the title of the book referred to, he referred to the Sky Falling, didn't it? Why do you think that's been done there? Why has the title of the book been referred to right at the end of chapter 35? Pause the video and have a think, well done, good thinking.

Here's what Jen said, remember at the end of this chapter, Mrs. F hasn't actually told him yet, has she? Jen says, I think he already realised at that point what was in the letter Mrs. F received.

So he knew that his father had died.

That news would be so shocking and so life changing that would feel like the sky falling down on you.

I think it's trying to say that it's something that changes everything and that's completely unexpected.

Just like you would never expect the sky to fall.

So by referring to the sky falling, the author's trying to show how earth shattering and distressing this news would be for Joseph, that it would feel like the whole world had changed in a really unexpected way.

So let's now try and put the events of chapter 36 in order.

Pause the video and see if you can put these events in order from one to five.

Well done.

Great work.

So hopefully you started with this one.

Joseph is gripping onto the bars of Adonis's cage, isn't he? And then Mrs. F tells Joseph what has happened to his father.

Joseph then heads for the gates of the zoo 'cause he's determined to leave and Mrs. F tries to persuade him to stay reminding him about what's happened to Syd as well.

And then finally Joseph asks Mrs. F what he's done wrong in order for this to happen to him.

Really well done if you've got those in the right order.

So why does Joseph say that at the end? Why is he asking Mrs F what he's done wrong? And the second question, if you are Mrs. F, what would you respond when Joseph said that? Pause the video and have a think about both those questions.

Well done with thinking.

So for the first one, why does Joseph say this? Laura says, I think Joseph wants to understand how so many bad things can have happened to him.

He's feeling as though he is being punished somehow, but he doesn't know what for and it must be so hard for him.

So he's thinking about having lost his mother, about having now lost his father as well about being sent away from his grandmother.

All these things that have happened to make his life so difficult and he's thinking, what did I do wrong to deserve this? Now, if you were Mrs. F, what might you say in response to that? Here's what Jacob says.

If I were Mrs F, I would want to make sure Joseph understood he'd done nothing wrong.

I tried to explain that during war, terrible things happen that aren't in any way his fault.

And I'm sure many of you came up with a similar idea.

Well done.

So we're now going to read chapter 37 and here's some vocabulary we'll see in that chapter.

If something is debilitating, it stops you from doing anything else.

It makes you feel weak.

Giving someone consolation means trying to comfort them.

If you are spent, you're completely worn out or exhausted.

A tremor is a slight shaking and labouring means moving slowly or awkwardly around.

So I'd like you to now read chapter 37 with your partner again swapping each sentence.

And if you finish, of course, repeat from the beginning until your teacher tells you to stop.

Pause the video and have a go at reading Chapter 37, well done.

Fantastic reading.

So in this chapter, the author tells us, doesn't he, lots of Joseph's emotions and feelings and thoughts, and Joseph describes her feeling both angry towards his mother and guilty about her leaving.

Why would he feel these two things? Why would he feel angry towards her and why would you feel guilty about her having left? Pause the video and decide, well done with your answers.

For angry, Here's what Andeep said.

Joseph feels angry at his mother because he thinks she must have hated him to leave him as a child.

And he's comparing what she did to how Syd's parents sacrificed themselves for her.

So he's almost judging his mother against what Syd's parents did for her and saying, why didn't you look after me the way Syd's parents looked after her? And he's feeling angry about that.

But as we said, he's also feeling guilty.

Here's what Sam said.

At the same time, he has feelings of guilt because he thinks he could have done something to make her feel better or make her want to stay, but he was only five.

It wasn't his fault at all.

So we know that Joseph's mother left because she was so depressed that she didn't feel like she could look after him any longer.

So we know that that's not something that a 5-year-old could have fixed.

So Sam's right that it doesn't make sense for Joseph to feel guilty here, but that doesn't change the fact that that's how he feels in this moment.

Merely well done for thinking hard about Joseph's feelings there.

Good work.

Set your thoughts.

Joseph is angry at Mrs. F as well as his parents.

Pause the video and decide, well done, good job, it's true.

And what's the best justification for that? Pause the video and decide.

Well done.

You're right, it's B.

So he's angry at Mrs. F that she didn't want him to be there when he first arrived originally.

And because he thinks she can't relate to his situation, she thinks he can't understand this pain that he's going through.

So he's angry at her for two reasons, really.

The fact that she wasn't kind of straight away wasn't welcoming and the fact that he thinks he's experiencing a pain that she can't understand really was under spotting that.

So do you think Mrs F, he has handled this situation well, if we think about these three chapters we've read and why or why not, and what ways does she handled it well or not well? Pause the video and have a think.

Well done, good thinking.

Now we could discuss, this a lot, couldn't we? Here's what Aisha says.

She says, I think she did a wonderful job in a terrible situation.

Joseph was understandably so angry, but she kept calm and kept reassuring him that none of this was his fault.

She reassured him that both his parents loved him and that he had nothing to do with losing either of them.

You could argue that she should have lied and said she was happy that he first came to stay with her.

But Mrs. F is a very honest person and she wouldn't do that.

She also gives him space at the end which he needs and reassures him that he can stay.

She does walk off at the end, doesn't she? To give him some time alone to be with his thoughts and to think about what's happened.

So I should think that Mrs. F's done a really good job.

You might disagree, but we have to think carefully, don't we? About what a difficult situation she was in to be the one to have to share that horrible news with Joseph and to be there to help him to talk through all those complicated feelings that we've said he had.

Really well done for your thoughts there.

So at the end of chapter 37, we see Joseph and Adonis alone together because Mrs. F has left to give him some time alone.

Why do you think we author made the choice to describe Joseph and Adonis together at the end of that chapter? Pause the video and have a think, well done.

Really good thinking.

Here's what Andeep says, I think this is because they're both now in the same position.

They've seen a family member die, another family member leave and they're both crying together because they have the same grief.

The author's trying to show us the connection between their situations and maybe to show us that sometimes it can help to be with people or in this case animals that understand a situation, to Andeep saying that the author's trying to show us that they're closer than ever now in a way because of how similar their shared experiences are and sometimes when we're in these situations, it helps to be with someone who understands what we're going through and that's what Joseph maybe feels about Adonis in this moment.

Maybe words for your thoughts there.

So let's do our first task for this lesson.

I need to imagine that you're Syd and you come across Joseph of sitting by Adonis's cage at the end of this chapter as we just described.

Can you think of what four things you would want to say to Joseph at this moment? Think about what's happened with his father.

Think about his feelings about his mother, think about his feelings towards Mrs. F and think about your own experiences and how they might help Joseph.

So pause the video and have a think about what the four things you would say enrol a Syd are to Joseph in this moment while he's sitting alone with Adonis.

Pause the video and decide.

Well done.

Really good job.

I love how sensitively you've been thinking about this.

So here are some ideas for what Syd might want to say to Joseph in this moment.

First of all, she might say, I'm here to talk when you're ready.

I know something about what you're feeling, so maybe I can help.

She's been in a similar situation, hasn't she? So she's trying to show him, I'm ready for when you want to talk.

Maybe we can help each other.

Then she might say, it's not your fault that your dad has died.

The war is just awful and it's caused so much suffering for so many people.

So she's saying, please don't blame yourself for this situation.

Then I've said, it's not your fault that your mom was sick and there was nothing you could have done to help her.

So here, Syd's, trying to make sure Joseph doesn't feel guilty about what happened with his mother when he was so little.

And finally, maybe she'd say this, maybe Mrs. F wasn't too keen on having you here to start with, but she really cares about you now, and she is a good person.

So we know that Joseph is a little angry with Mrs. F because of how she treated him initially.

And although they seem to get much better now, he still seems to be quite angry with her for that situation.

Syd's saying, look, maybe she wasn't that keen to start with, but look how she cares about you now.

And I know Syd knows from her experience what a good person Mrs. F is to have around.

Really well done for your thoughts there and for thinking so deeply about what might help Joseph in this moment and what Syd could say to really do her best to try and help him in this situation.

Great work.

So we've explored those chapters now and read them carefully.

We're now gonna think about how emotions have been depicted or shown in these chapters.

So we've seen Joseph experience something really terrible, haven't we? And the author, Phil Earle has shown Joseph's emotions really clearly trying to help us understand something about what he feels in these terrible situations that he's in.

So what different emotions does Joseph experience in these chapters? Think back to the very start of chapter 35, right to the end of chapter 37.

What different emotions has he gone through during that period? Pause the video and have a chat to the person next to you or think on your end.

Well done great ideas.

So we could say that he starts off elated, really happy as he leaves school and excited about saving Adonis.

He has new ideas, doesn't he, about how that might be done.

And then he's devastated of course when he hears about his dad that he's angry and guilty as he thinks about both of his parents.

And he's feeling lost and confused, doesn't he, at the end of chapter 37.

So he's experienced a real range of emotions throughout the course of that chapter.

The reason we know that is because all of the work, Phil Earle, the author, has put in just showing us those emotions so that we can really start to understand how he's felt at those different moments.

Now authors use a range of different features to show the changing emotions of different characters.

They can describe what characters do and say, for instance, if someone's shouting angry, we can infer that they're angry.

They can also describe characters' thoughts.

And in "When the Sky Falls," we see loads of details about what Joseph's thoughts are throughout the book, and they can use metaphors similarly and personification as well.

For instance, if someone floated down the street, we can infer that they're happy.

So authors choose their language really carefully to try and show specific emotions.

So let's look again at chapter 35.

What evidence is there that Mrs. F is distressed and upset about the terrible news she needs to give Joseph? Remember all through that chapter what we see is Joseph showing happiness at the start, chattering a lot and being really happy and excited, and Mrs. F not really engaging with that.

So what's the evidence that Mrs. F is distressed and upset about what she knows she's about to have to do to share that news with Joseph? Pause the video, look back at chapter 35 and see what evidence you can find.

Well done.

Great job.

So maybe you spotted this, she's quiet as they walk to the zoo.

I've got that word in inverted because it's taken directly from the text.

She keeps up a really fast walking pace so they can't stop and talk along the way, and she doesn't respond to any of Joseph's excited chatter about Adonis and about what's happened in school.

And as Joseph starts to get anxious because he realises she's not responding as he expected, she keeps silent and she keeps walking.

Then she gestures using her hand and her head instead of talking when he asks about Adonis.

And finally, she's close to tears as Joseph beams smiles broadly at her.

So that's a clue for him that something is wrong.

So the authors dropping us all these hints throughout chapter 35 that Mrs F has something really, really bad to share with Joseph and that she's really distressed and upset about having to do that.

So the authors use language really carefully to build the idea of Mrs. F's emotions in our heads as the reader.

Really well done for the evidence that you spotted.

Now, let's look at chapter 35 from Joseph's perspective.

What evidence is there that Joseph's emotions change during this chapter? Look back through the chapter again and see if you can spot different places where Joseph's emotions are changing, and I wonder if there's any specific language that hints towards those changes.

Pause the video and have a look.

Well done, great work.

So maybe you spotted that on page 231, he refers to joy and he's talking really rapidly and excitedly to Mrs. F, and that's shown with loads of short sentences, exclamation marks to show his excitement and his chatter as he leaves school excited about what's happened to Mr. Grace.

And then he starts growing anxious and he starts to demand answers and he's barking questions.

So we're seeing kind of a change in his mood there to show that he wants to know why is she not responding as he expected.

Now we know he'd been worried that Adonis had died.

So when he sees Adonis alive, he's excited and happy again.

He beams and he pulls Mrs. F, Sam playfully.

So he's relieved his worries have evaporated for the time being.

But then when Mrs. F mentions the letter, he covers his ears, doesn't he? And he wants it to stop talking as if he knows what it contains and he doesn't want to hear it.

And then his thoughts tell us that even a Nazi attack will be better than what he knows is coming than the news that he knows is arriving.

So Joseph's emotions have gone up and down and up and down again in this chapter, really well done for manage managing to track how they've changed great work.

So in chapters 36 and 37 that follow on from that, we see Joseph's emotions swing between anger and guilt and confusion.

So Jacob says this, I think at the start of chapter 36, Joseph is sort of in denial about what's happened.

Remember, he hasn't actually heard the news yet.

So fear says this, yes, it feels like if he doesn't hear the news, it won't be true.

So he's turned away from Mrs. F clinging onto the bars of the cage and he tells her not to tell him what's in the letter.

Sophia says, I think him clinging to the bars reflects him wanting to clinging on to his dad.

And the idea of him still being alive, it's like if he pulls away from the cage, it will all start.

The process of him understanding that his dad has unfortunately died will begin if he removes himself from those bars.

And that's the same reason he's covered his ears in the previous chapter as well.

He doesn't want to acknowledge that this is all about to begin, that he's about to hear this terrible news.

Let's look now at pages 237 to 239 of chapter 36.

What evidence is there here that Joseph is feeling angry? Pause the video, look back at those pages and see what evidence you can find of Joseph's anger.

Well done really good work.

So maybe you saw that he tells Mrs. F that it isn't safe for her to touch him.

It's almost like he feels like he's about to explode with anger.

And we hear him later on repeating himself, getting louder, shouting the words.

He says that everyone wants to leave him and he spatter his words and they're full of poison as if they're really unpleasant words.

And he tells Mr. F that he doesn't want her.

And he thrased when he moved around wildly when Mrs. F tried to pull him back and he barks and growl at her as well.

So the author's really trying to show us through all these ways that Joseph's feeling a lot of anger and it's affecting how he behaves, obviously towards Mrs. F and the kind of words and the kind of manner which he uses really well done for spotting all those pieces of evidence of Joseph's anger.

Now we know the authors choose words specifically to make us feel a certain way, what to make us have a certain idea about a character and the author's language choices help us to understand emotions really well.

So let's take this word debilitating.

Alex says, why is the author described Joseph's pain as debilitating on page 240? Well, if something's debilitating as some says, it means it stops you from being able to do anything else.

It makes you really weak.

So sometimes people talk about debilitating injuries or debilitating illness, and I think the author's trying to show us how deep Joseph's pain is about what's happened.

It's like it's broken and weakened him and made it impossible for him to think of anything else.

It's like a physical injury that's broken him and made him weak.

So it's a debilitating pain that he's feeling about the news that he's received.

So that's a brilliant word choice by the reader to help us to understand how deep this pain is.

So we are told on page 240 that Joseph has smothered the pain of his mother leaving.

Why do you think the author has made this language choice? Why have they chosen the word smothered to describe what Joseph has done over the course of his life with this pain of his mothers leaving? Pause the video and think carefully about that word.

Well done, great thinking.

So if he says this, if you smother something, you cover it over, but you also pressing it down and trying to stop it from being heard or felt.

So as he says, I think the author's trying to show us that Joseph has really tried hard to hide the pain of his mother leaving.

And I think this word really helps us to understand how hard Joseph's been working his whole life to push down his sadness about this.

So it's not like he's just forgotten his sadness.

It's like he's been working hard every day to smother it, to push it down, to stop it from taking over.

And that effort of pushing down this sadness and this pain might be part of the reason for his anger that we see him experiencing throughout his life.

Really well done for your ideas there.

So let's do our final task of this lesson.

I've picked out some language choices the author has made in chapter 37, and I want you to explain why the author has made each of these language choices.

And you might want to look back to the pages I've given you for the context.

So I've got saying that Joseph's fortress has been cracked by the news describing Joseph's mom moods as black, same that Joseph's voice yanked at Mrs. F and describing Joseph as spent.

So for each example, I want you to try to think why have the author has chosen this language and what emotions they're trying to show.

Pause the video, think carefully about each example, looking back in the text if you need to.

Why has the author made these language chases? Have a go.

Well done, really good thinking.

I love how carefully you're considering the author's language.

So perhaps you explain these language choices like this.

First one we've got is Joseph's fortress being cracked by the news? So maybe Joseph's fortress is that kind of hard shell, he's put up around himself since his mom left and he's been trying to protect himself from being hurt again.

But this news of his dad's death has cracked that shell and he's now feeling everything strongly.

It's like the shell is broken and he's vulnerable again because he's been trying to protect himself, but he can no longer because this news is so devastating.

What about describing Joseph's mom's moods as black? Well, maybe he says something like this.

The author's trying to show that Joseph's mother was very depressed and saw only darkness or blackness around her, so she couldn't see any light, any hope, which is why she felt she had to leave the family.

So the blackness signifies the darkness she was feeling in her life and the lack of any light or any hope that made her be able to see a way forward in her life.

Then we've got the idea that Joseph's voice yanked at Mrs. F.

Hmm.

What does that mean? Well, I think the author's showing us that Mrs. F is being deeply emotionally affected by what Joseph is saying.

She knows he's in so much pain that she can't fix, and that not just pulling on her so much that she unravels.

So her feelings towards Joseph are pulling so hard against her.

She feels like she's being tugged by these strong emotions he's showing, and she's not able to help him very much in that situation.

So it's like he's tugging at her and then she unravel.

She feels like she's falling apart because of the strength of his emotion.

And finally, we've got describing Joseph as spent.

How do we explain that language, Joseph? Well, we could say the author's trying to show that Joseph's feelings of anger and guilt to his parents and Mrs. F have overwhelmed him and he's now feeling empathy.

So he is used up all his emotions and he's feeling kind of blank and exhausted.

So he's been so full of anger and rage and guilt and confusion about what's happened and about all his feelings towards his parents and towards Mrs. F.

It's almost like he's used up every ounce of energy that he was putting towards these feelings, and now he's feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, and blank.

Really well done to think about those language choices so carefully.

We can see how much effort the authors put in to showing us Josephs emotions through these really careful language choices.

Really well done.

Let's summarise our learning in this lesson.

In a section of the book, Joseph is told by Mrs. F that his father has been killed in the war and the author chooses his language carefully in order to show the complex emotions that Joseph feels in response to this terrible news.

We know that emotions can be inferred from how characters actions, speech, and thoughts are described.

And within these descriptions, we know that authors make specific language choices to show emotions even more vividly.

Really well done for your work in this lesson.

We've talked about some really difficult and I love how sensitively you've handled them.

If you'd like to join me in the next lesson to continue reading this fantastic book, then please read up to the end of chapter 43.

Before then, I'd love to see you there, good bye.