Hello and welcome.

It's great to see you today, and thanks for joining the lesson.

My name's Mrs. Butterworth, and I'll be guiding you through the learning today.

So the title of our lesson is, "Analysis of pigs and power." So we'll be looking at how Orwell uses language to present the pigs and how we can talk about that.

So let's go.

So by the end of the lesson, you'll be able to select quotes that are analytically rich and explore textual details in full.

So let's just look at some keywords before we begin the lesson that will help with our understanding.

These words are judicious, analytical, oppression, and uttered.

So here is the outline for our lesson "Analysis of the pigs and power." We're going to begin by looking at how to select quotes before moving on to exploring quotes in detail.

So we'll be really thinking about how we can pick apart quotes and talk about them in detail.

So let's start with the first part of our lesson, selecting quotes.

So when we're writing about a text or commenting on a writer's use of language, we need to use quotes to provide evidence and emphasise ideas.

The best responses would choose quotes judiciously.

So we've got one of our key words there, "judiciously." And what that means in reference to quotes is that they are well selected and illuminate the point you are making.

They are varied and chosen from the breadth of the text, so you are able to make references at different points of the text or the story.

And they are analytically rich.

So this means, it has interesting features to comment on.

So we need to be thinking about all of these things when we're selecting quotes to make sure we are really selecting the best ones.

So let's just read this extract before we do any work on this.

So we're going to be thinking about this idea about how Napoleon is presented in this extract.

So let's read together first.

"Napoleon stood sternly surveying his audience; then he uttered a high-pinched whimper.

Immediately the dogs bounded forward, seized four of the pigs by the ear and dragged them, squealing with pain and terror, to Napoleon's feet.

The pigs' ears were bleeding, the dogs had tasted blood, and for a moment they appeared to go quite mad.

To the amazement of everybody, three of them flung themselves upon Boxer.

Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air, and pinned him to the ground.

The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs.

Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go." Okay, so as I said, the question we're thinking about is, "How is Napoleon presented in this extract?" So discuss what quotes could you use to answer this question.

Pause the video and we'll share our answers in a moment.

Okay, let's just feed back some ideas based on that extract and this idea of how Napoleon is presented.

So one of the quotes that you could potentially use is this quote here, "uttered a high-pitched whimper." Now, the reason this is a good quote to use is because it is short but effective and it tells us a lot.

So it links to the sound of this military whistle, and it's got this kind of sensory quality to it, like we can hear the sound.

And it really shows Napoleon's realisation as a totalitarian leader that he makes this high-pitched sound and it ultimately controls the dogs.

Another short quote is this one, "squealing with pain and terror." And the reason this is a good quote is it's nice and short, but it's also the use of the descriptive language.

So it's analytically rich because we could talk about those words, "squealing" and "pain and terror," because they really reflect the overall atmosphere on the farm created by Napoleon's rule.

So you can see how sometimes short quotes can just be just as analytically rich as some of the longer one.

And this quote here, only two words, "Napoleon's feet," but there is lots that we can say about this quote, "Napoleon's feet," because there's a lot of imagery there.

So it shows us where he is positioned, and this is above the animals.

And what's interesting is the injured pigs are presented to his feet by the dogs, and it's almost like an offering.

And it's quite a strong image, this idea, that they are laying things at his feet and elevating his status.

And then we've got this quote at the end.

So, "Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go." Now this isn't a short quote, but it is a very interesting quote 'cause it tells us a lot about how Napoleon positions himself and how he has viewed.

So it really helps us answer that question about how he is presented.

And it also links to the previous quote about his feet, because it shows how Napoleon is seen as the ultimate figure of authority.

Boxer looks to him to make the decision whether he should kill the dog or not, which is a very big decision.

So here are all of the quotes together, and these are all really good quotes to select because we've got a range of short quotes and a longer one.

They're chosen from the breadth of the text.

So we've got some at the start, some at the middle, and that one at the end.

And they're analytically rich.

So there's lots we can say about them, whether that's the sensory description from that high-pitched whimper, the imagery of Napoleon's feet, the descriptive language of squealing pain, terror, or the kind of actions of Boxer.

There is lots that we can say about them.

Okay, so what I would like you to do now is select three statements that demonstrate you have used quotes judiciously.

Well done everyone.

Yes.

A, B, and D are the answers.

Excellent! So let's move on.

So when we have selected our quotes, a good way to practise selecting judicious quotes is to use a single paragraph outline, and a single paragraph outline looks like this.

So you have your Topic Sentence, which you may or may not have planned.

Then the Supporting detail box, and then a Concluding Sentence, which is the sentence that summarise and concludes your paragraphs.

But we're going to focus for today on that Supporting details box and thinking about how we select quotes.

So, supporting details should be only in note form, logical in sequence, no full sentences, so we want this to be a quick way of finding and thinking about quotes.

Method identified and keywords underlined.

So this will look like this.

So I'm gonna use the quotes that we just looked at in the previous extract.

So I've got my quote, "uttered a high pitched whimper" references military and totalitarian power.

So you can see here that there isn't a full sentence or a full analytical sentence, it just gives me an idea of what the quote is about because we want this to be a really efficient process.

I've got my, "squealing with pain and terror," and I've just added a note, reflects atmosphere or regime that Napoleon is creating.

So again, not a full sentence, but it gives me enough information to know why the quote is there.

And then I've included the "Napoleon's feet," and I've put here that it's symbolic of status and power.

So I've got the word, "symbolic" there, so I've identified the method.

I could also add in the word "imagery" there, or "image," just to remind myself to write about that when it comes to it.

Okay, so here is the success criteria from the Supporting details box of the single paragraph outline.

Can you identify what is missing from this success criteria? Well done everyone that noticed, it was "include no full sentences." So supporting details should not include any full sentences.

So, I now want us to do exactly what we just did with the Napoleon extract.

But this time, based on an extract on the character, Squealer.

So the question is going to be, how is Squealer presented in this extract? And I would like you to think about all of the quotes that you could use to answer this question.

So think about the quotes we chose for Napoleon and why we chose them.

So the question is, what quotes could you use to answer the question? Pause the video to discuss your ideas or consolidate your thoughts.

Excellent, some really good suggestions there.

So I'd like to just share a few of those now.

So you'll see I've highlighted some of the potential quotes that we could use.

So we've got these really lovely descriptions here.

So Orwell uses these adjectives to show how charismatic and physically appealing Squealer is.

So we've got twinkling, nimble, shrill, brilliant, and it really links to how he presents himself as this charismatic character.

And the fact that he's described as a brilliant talker shows how good he is with language.

We also get these verbs to describe his movement, so the "skipping from side to side" and the "whisking of his tail." Now this is interesting 'cause it presents him as someone that is energetic, but again, it makes him really engaging.

And perhaps, Orwell is doing this to show that he can be just as persuasive physically as with language.

So the animals are almost distracted by his movements.

It's a very clever persuasive tactic.

And then finally we get that key quote where it says that Squealer "could turn black into white." So this really emphasises how Squealer is the master manipulator of language and how he can spin anything into a positive for the pigs.

Okay, question time.

Squealer is presented as incredibly charismatic.

Which of the following quotes best demonstrate this? Well done everyone that said, A, "Twinkling eyes." Yes, we've got that lovely verb there, "twinkling," that really shows what his eyes look like and how charismatic he is.

Okay, we have reached our first practise task.

So what I would like you to do is to use the previous extract, so the extracts that we looked at for Squealer.

And I'd like you to fill in the supporting details for this single paragraph outline to answer the question, "how is Squealer presented?" So you'll notice there is also a topic sentence provided.

This is, "Squealer is presented as charismatic and persuasive." So you are really looking for the quotes that show that.

And our concluding sentence, "Ultimately, Squealer shows the power of propaganda in maintaining control." So it's important that the supporting detail that we are choosing matches those topic and concluding sentences.

We also have our success criteria for the supporting detail in the box there as well.

So go back to that extract, find those quotes, and fill out that single paragraph outline.

Pause the video, so you have plenty of time to do that.

Excellent quote gathering, everyone.

That was some really impressive work.

So I have some feedback here.

You may have something that's slightly different.

It may be even better, which is absolutely fine.

But use this as a way to look at your own work and perhaps improve it, or think about what you could do next time.

Okay, so the supporting detail, the quotes that I have used here are "round cheeks, twinkling eyes," and "nimble movements." And I've made a note here on the method, which is, that they are adjectives.

And a quick note is that, they emphasise physical appearance.

Presented as charismatic and influential.

So you can see how these aren't full sentences, they are just key words or key phrases that I can use to describe these quotes.

My next quote is the "skipping from side to side and whisking his tail." So again, I've identified the method in verbs and then I've talked about the effect of this reflect energy, and also used as distraction when delivering propaganda.

Movements are diversion tactic.

So again, that lack of sentence structure.

So the note form makes this really efficient.

I've got "Brilliant talker," which I've linked to the quote above in number one.

So links to adjectives above, and it really highlights his skill of language.

And then that final quote, "could turn black into white." And I've just made a note here that this is a really key quote.

And I've just explained this, so demonstrates his ability to twist truths and rewrite narratives.

So, well done everyone.

That's the first part of our lesson completed.

We are now going to move on to the second part, which is all about exploring quotes in detail.

So when exploring quotes in detail, you are effectively exposing layers of methods and their meanings.

So you want to be able to unpick a quote and really get underneath what is happening.

So one way to do that is by using a diagram like this, and this shows the different layers.

So the first layering is a kind of overarching impression or what the quote shows, so the big idea about the quote and what it is showing.

And then our second ring there references the larger method.

So, "Is it a simile? Is there a use of metaphor in the quotes?" So what is the larger method in the quote.

And then the centre is the smallest thing that we will focus on, and these are the individual words.

So you can see how this diagram moves from the very small in the middle, the individual words, to the larger method.

So we're thinking about things like simile, metaphor, hyperbole, any of those big techniques, and then moving to the outer side, which is the overarching impression and what that quote shows.

So let's see how we can use this diagram to really explore and explode those quotes.

Before we move on, let's answer a quick question.

Which section is missing from this diagram? Yes, well done to everyone that noticed it's those individual words.

That smallest part of the quote is our individual words.

Let's move on.

Okay, so let's see how we can use this diagram to explode our quotations.

So I'm using this quote from "Animal Farm".

So I've got, "Our lives are miserable, laborious and short." So before I use this diagram, I'd like you to discuss what layers of methods could you potentially identify and explain from this quote? Pause the video to give you time to think.

Great! Let's share some of those wonderful ideas.

So we've got our overarching idea, which is, the Old Major reveals a harsh reality.

And what this shows is that it emphasises the oppression under Mr. Jones.

So that quote, "Our lives are miserable, laborious and short," that big idea is that Old Major is revealing this harsh reality and commenting on the oppression that the animals are facing.

Then we're gonna move on to that second layer, and we're gonna think about the methods in this quote.

So we have our rule of three, and also it's a use of rhetoric to inspire the animals.

So we know that Old Major is very good at using these persuasive devices.

And here we have the rule of three and a use of rhetoric for our larger devices.

And then the key words, the individual words that are the most important from this quote are "miserable," "laborious," and "short." So let's try one more.

So we are going to use this quote, "'Never mind the milk, comrades!' cried Napoleon, placing himself in front of the buckets." So before we look at the diagram, pause the video and discuss what layers of methods can you identify and explain.

Excellent! So let's fill our diagram with all those wonderful ideas.

So, what are the kind of main ideas or the overarching ideas in this quote and what does it show? So the main idea is that it shows Napoleon's methods of control and corruption.

And we also see in this quote, it shows how the pigs are using basic needs to control the animals.

So we're really using that outer layer to describe what the quote is showing us and what it is about.

Then the second layer, we have that symbolism of the milk.

So the method identified there is the symbolism and this represents power.

So we're just thinking about what that symbolism represents.

And then finally in the middle, those key words, obviously the "milk" is an incredibly key word from this quote.

Okay, so thinking about those basic needs and the diagram that we have just done, which one of the following is a symbol of the basic needs exploited by the pigs? Excellent! Well done to everyone that noticed Milk and that the answer was B, absolutely.

This is just one of the basic needs exploited by the pigs.

Whisky and Sugar, both appear in "Animal Farm", but these symbolise something different.

These symbolise that luxury and inequality that is apparent on "Animal Farm".

So we have reached our second and final practise task.

So what I would like you to do is, like we have just practised, I would like you to use the diagram to explore the following two quotes.

So let's just read the quotes together.

So the first quote is, "It is for your sake that we drink the milk and eat those apples.

Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back!" "All that year the animals worked like slaves." Those quotes are really analytically rich.

So there should be plenty to put in your diagrams. Okay, so look at those two quotes and use the diagram to explore the quotes in detail.

Pause the video, and I look forward to sharing our answers.

Well done everyone, some really great work happening there.

So let's just share some ideas.

So what I have here is just one way that this task could have been approached.

So let's look at the diagram for the first quote.

So in that outer circle, we've got the big idea of these methods of control.

So that quote is really good at demonstrating how the milk and apples are used to maintain control and also the propaganda that is being used.

And what this shows is the pig's increasing levels of manipulation.

So that quote is a really good example of the manipulation that the pigs are utilising.

Then let's look at the key devices.

So we have the symbolism and the motif of food, and we also have in there a rhetorical question.

So this is a quote by Squealer, and we know that Squealer is very persuasive.

So we also have that rhetorical question in there to show that.

And what are our key words from this quote? Well, we've got the "milk" and the "apples," and these link to the symbolism and the motif.

But I've also added "duty" in there, because in this quote that's a really key word, because it shows how Squealer is reframing the pigs eating the apples and drinking the milk to be something that is imperative to the leadership, that they have to do.

Okay, let's look at the other quote, "The animals worked like slaves." So again, the bigger idea here, the overarching impression is that this shows the continued cycle of oppression, and this shows us that they aren't better off after the rebellion.

So that quote, it can be explained by those two ideas, the cycle of oppression, and that they aren't better off after the rebellion.

So what are the key methods here? So we've obviously got that simile with the word "like," "worked like slaves," and the noun "slaves" is really powerful here and used by Orwell as a powerful comparison to the animals' lives and those of slaves.

And in our middle circle, we have the two words here, "worked" and "slaves" as the key words.

So that verb, "works," is obviously very important to link what the animals are doing to their oppression, and we've just talked about the word "slaves," so we can see that in there too.

Well done, everyone.

That is the end of this lesson.

But before we wrap completely up, let's just go through everything that we have learned.

So the first thing is that quotes should be judiciously chosen.

Single paragraph outlines can be used to practise finding supporting detail, and quotes should be analysed using a layered approach, like we practised with the diagrams. Okay, excellent work, everybody.

Thank you so much for joining me today.

I hope to see you soon in one of my future lessons.

Thank you so much.

Goodbye.