Hello, welcome.

Thank you for joining me today.

I'm Mrs Butterworth and I will be guiding you through our lesson, which is all focused on "Animal Farm" and the pigs.

So we will be comparing those characters and exploring their similarities and differences.

So let's get started.

By the end of the lesson, you will have created some useful character summaries to compare the pigs.

Before we begin, there are some key words that we need to look at that will help our understanding of the lesson.

They are revolutionary, misguided, ruthless, susceptible, and nuance.

So the outline of our lesson today, comparing the pigs, looks like this.

So we will start by exploring some similarities and differences between them before moving on to create comparative character summaries based on our findings.

So let's start by exploring those similarities and differences.

We'll be focusing on the four main pigs in "Animal Farm".

So Old Major, Napoleon, Squealer and Snowball.

So let's just have a think about what we remember.

Pause a video and discuss what do you remember about these characters? Excellent discussions.

I'm so impressed with how much you remember about these characters.

So let's just gather some of our thoughts.

So Old Major is an old boar who inspires the rebellion.

Absolutely, yes, he is that first pig that really galvanises the animal's into action, and he's really good at using rhetoric in that speech in chapter one.

Napoleon is our power-hungry pig.

So he betrays the principles of the initial revolt for his own gain.

And he's represented as this tyrannical leader who is obsessed with gaining power and ultimate authority.

We have Squealer who is our persuasive and manipulative pig, and he serves as Napoleon spokesperson spoke.

And if you remember Orwell uses Squealer to represent the power of propaganda.

He's excellent at delivering those speeches and convincing the animals that what the pigs are doing is right.

And then finally Snowball.

The Snowball is an intelligent pink pig.

He's a deep thinker.

He wants betterment, he wants better lives for everyone on the farm, but he is driven out by Napoleon in a power struggle.

Although they have many similarities, the pigs are also presented quite differently.

So let's just look at each individual pig, look at one of their quotes and consider what this tells us about them.

So Old Major, he uses this phrase: "That is my message to you comrades; Rebellion!" And this shows that Old Major is a revolutionary.

He's inspiring and intelligent.

So he really wants change on the farm and he's able to articulate the dream he had in this beautiful and galvanising way.

And he wants change on the farm.

Snowball.

These are the quotes for Snowball.

"All animals need to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be." And "The only good human being is a dead one." So similar to world major Snowball is very intelligent.

However, he could be considered misguided because he has a very extreme viewpoint and extreme expectations of the animals.

You know, he requires death that animals be prepared to die for the cause and this kind of extreme action against the humans.

So it's a very tricky view for Snowball to hold.

He's also not as charismatic as Squealer.

So although he is good at giving speeches and inspiring the animals, he doesn't quite have the charisma of Squealer.

Now let's look at Squealer.

These are some key quotes to describe Squealer.

He "could turn black into white." And he says, "Suppose you had decided to follow Snowball with his moonshine of windmills, Snowball, who, as we now know, was no better than a criminal." So these quotes emphasise that Squealer is both persuasive and deceptive.

So this idea that he can turn black into white and the fact that he's talking about Snowball destroying the windmill and being criminal shows that Squealer has no problems lying.

So he's very deceptive and he's able to do that through his skillful use of language, which shows that he too is very intelligent.

But different to Snowball, he uses his intelligence for manipulation, whereas Snowball wants to use his thinking to make a better life for the animals, to progress in their society, Squealer is all about that manipulation and deception to gain power and control.

And then Napoleon, so this is a, this is what Napoleon does in his show trials.

So "the tale of confessions and executions went on, until there are pile of corpses lying before Napoleon's feet and the air was heavy with the smell of blood." So if you remember this quote comes from those show trials that Napoleon holds, where he takes these false confessions and executes a number of animals publicly to instil fear amongst the rest of the animals.

And what this also shows is the absolute fear and terror that Napoleon creates.

So where is Squealer uses only his words to manipulate, Napoleon is much more extreme than that because he resorts to violence and even death.

So we can see that Napoleon is on a very extreme end of his actions and he's a ruthless leader.

True or false time.

Napoleon is just as intelligent as Old Major, true or false? Well done everyone who recognised the answer was false.

Now let's justify your answer.

Excellent.

Absolutely right.

Napoleon uses that fear and violence rather than his intelligence to control the animals.

So we're onto our first practise task.

So what I would like you to do is to choose two pigs to focus on.

I would then like you to complete the Venn diagram looking at the similarities and differences between how the pigs are presented.

So here's an example.

I've decided to focus my two pigs are Old Major and Snowball.

So those outer circles will be populated with the differences in the pig's presentation.

So anywhere we see a difference will go in those outer circles.

And then that middle section we can use to put the similarities.

So any similarities between Old Major and Snowball, I would put in that middle section.

So here I have put idealistic 'cause Old Major and Snowball could both be considered idealistic.

So now it's over to you.

So pause the video and I look forward to sharing our answers.

Well done everybody.

Excellent work.

So now let's just share some feedback.

Now I appreciate that some of you may have chosen two different pigs, which is fine.

I'm going to stick to Old Major and Snowball to show you what I have come up with and you can use these examples to compare to your own work.

So let's look at the similarities first.

So both are very idealistic.

Both share a vision of a farm free of human oppression.

Both play key roles in the early stages of the rebellion.

Both are intelligent and both would be considered as inspiring.

So let's look at some of the differences now.

So Old Major is described as old, whereas Snowball is much more lively.

Old Major doesn't actively get involved with the revolution because he dies at the beginning of chapter two.

So he gets the ball rolling but isn't able to be fully involved in the rebellion and the revolution.

Snowball is more practical and he is imperative and integral to the rebellion and has a key organisational role.

Old Major is the creator of the initial ideas.

Snowball has a power struggle with the other pigs, which is very different to Old Major.

Old Major positions himself above the other animals whereas Snowball is more collaborative, he wants to give all the animals a better life.

Old Major is respected by all.

I now want you to think about the following.

Which of these ideas could also be applied to Napoleon? Pause the video to discuss your ideas.

Excellent.

Now let's just feed back some thoughts.

So we'll notice with Napoleon, he's very often absent from key events and he doesn't actively get involved with the revolution.

He's very good at giving commands and using Squealer, for example, to manipulate the animals.

But he doesn't play a particularly active role.

Napoleon also positions himself above the other animals creating this inequality.

Although Napoleon isn't as active in the rest of the revolution, he does play a key part in the very initial rebellion.

But as he gains more power, he's less and less active in the revolution.

And like Snowball, he has a power struggle with the other pigs.

So it's him and Snowball that are in that continuous fight for authority.

So we are now moving on to the second part of our lesson.

So we're going to use everything we've thought about in terms of those similarities and differences to create some comparative character summaries.

Now creating summaries of key characters is a good way to embed key information and develop understanding.

It will really help you to remember things about the characters.

They can then also be utilised when writing essays based on specific characters.

So they also become a very useful writing tool.

So how to write a summary.

So we're going to practise by using a table that looks like this.

And what we're going to do is we're going to note the important information about Napoleon for this example and the theme of power in "Animal Farm".

So our who or what is Napoleon.

We then want to think about what he did do in the novella or what he will do in the novella.

So we know that he did, he became the leader of the "Animal Farm" by seizing power and that he goes on, he will create a totalitarian state.

And when does this happen? So this happens from chapter two until the very end when we see his absolute power and control.

So where is this taking place? So we know it's on the farm, we know that Napoleon is present in the farm, but he also utilises the farmhouse for his own personal luxurious existence and to separate himself.

So by thinking about where the pigs position themselves physically on the farm and where they conduct their work is a really telling piece of information about how they view themselves and their position on the farm.

So how does Napoleon do all of these things? Well through fear, violence, propaganda and manipulation, and also by being ruthless.

So you can see how this grid is a really effective way about gathering that information and those ideas around key characters.

I'm now going to show you how you then can use the information from the table to create a detailed summary.

And you'll notice that by using the information the table, we actually create quite an insightful paragraph about the character we're focusing on.

So let's just read it through together and then we will look at how that information has been used.

So in "Animal Farm", Napoleon creates a totalitarian state by seizing power and containing control of and gaining control of the farm.

This begins in chapter two and continues throughout the novella whereby the end he has complete control.

Napoleon continues his reign of terror on the farm and increases his power by using the farmhouse to elevate his status and create further inequality by living in luxury.

Napoleon is ruthless and uses fear, violence and propaganda to manipulate the animals and maintain power.

So you will see here we have our who, Napoleon.

And what he did or will do.

So we know that he creates a totalitarian state and that he gains control of the farm.

And I've used this information directly from the summary table.

When, so we know from the table that this begins in chapter two and continues throughout to the end and again gives the information from the table.

We know that this reign of terror happens on the farm, but he also utilises the farmhouse to elevate his status.

And then finally, how does he do this? So we know that he is tyrannical and he uses that fear and violence and propaganda.

Okay, let's have a quick look at this summary table and I'd like you to decide which character you think this summary grid is based on.

Well done everyone that noticed it was Squealer.

Absolutely.

So we can see here that Squealer manipulates the more susceptible animals that he aids, Napoleon's rise to power.

So we know that directly links to Squealer.

I think the where in this summary grid is really interesting as well because we know that Squealer very often appears in the barn to spread his propaganda.

It's one of the easiest places he can be to get his deceitful messages across to the animals.

So another thing I would like us to think about is the pigs being presented in a nuanced way.

So Orwell does this.

He presents the pigs in a nuanced way, and what this means is that there aren't just good and bad pigs because what he does is he shows both their positive and negative attributes and how these contribute to the downfall of the farm.

So Orwell doesn't really suggest a good style of leadership or a bad style of leadership, for example, he just critiques and explores the way the pigs choose to run the farm.

And the reason he does this is he wants to show that all are susceptible to the corruption of power and show how hierarchies are established and maintained.

So when we're thinking about writing about the pigs in a nuanced way, adding comparisons to our summaries enabled to explore the nuanced differences and similarities.

So let's go a little bit further into what that looks like.

So one way we can do this is to use comparative phrases and these will help develop your summaries and offer this more nuanced understanding of the character.

So let's read our summary.

So this is based on Squealer.

Squealer aids Napoleon's rise to power and manipulates the more susceptible animals.

This develops throughout the novella.

Squealer is present throughout the farm, particularly the barn where he spreads his propaganda, which takes the form of rewritten narratives and statistics to give the illusion of progress and the rebellions success.

So this is a great summary, but what we can do is develop this.

So by using comparison.

So there are some examples here.

So although, whereas, whilst, and despite, by using these we can add an interesting comparison to the summary.

So let's have a look.

So here I've used, although.

Although both Squealer and Snowball are incredibly intelligent, Squealer uses his intellect to control the animals and create a greater divide between the pigs and the animals.

And another, whilst Squealer uses his intelligence to manipulate the animals, Snowball uses his to create and initiate strategies to further equality on the farm.

However, Snowball continues to let his own ambitions to create tension between him and Napoleon.

And another example, despite Squealer being considered manipulative and deceitful with his language, he is still respected on the farm.

Similarly, Old Major was also excellent with language and seen as a revolutionary.

Both are excellent speakers but use their skills for different agendas.

So you can see by adding these comparison, these comparative developments, we can offer a nuanced summary of those characters.

Okay, true or false time.

Old Major and Squealer have nothing in common.

Well done to everyone that noticed that was false.

It was a bit of a tricky one.

So excellent work.

Now let's justify your answer.

Well done everyone that noticed that the answer is B, Old Major and Squealer are both intelligent and are excellent speakers.

If we just look at the wrong answer A it says the Old Major and Squealer both rewrites statistics to suit their own gender.

And this isn't correct because yes, Squealer used statistics, but Old Major doesn't.

We have reached our second and final practise task.

What I would like you to do is focusing on Snowball.

I would like you to complete the summary table and then using that information create a summary for this character.

I would then like you to develop this using the comparative phrases to help you think back to all of the examples that we have looked at this lesson and think about the idea of nuanced comparisons and how those comparative phrases can really help develop that.

Okay, so time to pause the video and I look forward to seeing what you have come up with.

Excellent, well done some really fantastic ideas coming through there.

So let's just share some feedback.

So you may have something slightly different, but you may have something even better.

So let's just use this feedback to compare to our own responses.

So we know that our who or what is Snowball.

So what does Snowball do or what will he do? So he attempts to educate all of the animals and he will be in a power struggle with Napoleon.

So when does this happen? Well, this happens until he is violently expelled by Napoleon In chapter five.

Where does Snowball appear in Animal Farm? So Snowball interacts with the animals throughout the entirety of the farm's boundaries, which is very interesting.

He doesn't limit himself to the barn or the farmhouse.

He wants to be involved with all of the animals.

And how does Snowball do this? Well, he sets up many societies for the betterment of the animals, and he continually challenges Napoleon's ideas.

Now here is my summary paragraph.

Snowball attempts to educate the animals as a means to create true equality.

This is at odds with Napoleon and they are locked in a struggle for power.

Unlike Napoleon, Snowball is present throughout the farm and interacts with the animals to implement groups.

Snowball, continually challenges Napoleon's ideas, positioning himself in direct position.

So you can see here that the information from that summary table can create some really rich summary paragraphs on our characters.

Okay, so now let's develop it using these comparative phrases.

Although Snowball has excellent leadership qualities, he is not as aggressive as Napoleon, which ultimately leads to his downfall.

Both pigs are focused on their own agendas, which perhaps contributes to the downfall of the farm.

So you can see here how that development, how the development using the comparative phrases allows for a nuanced discussion around the similarities and differences.

It isn't that Napoleon and Snowball are completely different.

They do share some similarities and they do share some similar interests.

Well done everybody.

We have reached the end of the lesson, so let's just remind ourselves of everything that we have learned so far.

So all while presents the pigs in a nuanced way exposing both their positive and negative qualities.

Summaries are a useful way to embed key character information.

Exploring comparisons in summaries can offer a more nuanced perspective of characters.

Well done everyone, and thank you so much for your hard work.

It was a real pleasure teaching you today.

So I hope you join me again for another lesson very, very soon.

Goodbye.