Hello, my name is Mr. Barnsley and welcome to today's lesson chapter one, Mr. Utterson.

Okay, so let's look at today's outcome.

So by the end of the lesson you'll be able to explain how Stevenson has presented Mr. Utterson in the opening of the novella.

So let's start by looking at five keywords that we should expect to encounter in today's lesson.

They are third person limited, rugged, scanty, sentiment and duality.

As ever, I'm gonna share the definitions of each of these keywords on the screen.

Do make sure you read through each of them carefully.

It's really important that you understand what these words mean, so not only can you recognise them when they appear in the text, but you can also use them in your own discussion.

If you need to, do pause the video so you've got plenty of time to read through each of these definitions.

Okay, let's look at the lesson outline.

Today we are gonna be reading chapter one or part of chapter one and focusing on the character Mr. Utterson.

We're gonna start with a little bit of discussion in the first learning cycle about chapter one, just to prepare us for what we're about to read.

And then we're gonna move over and do some reading.

So let's get started by discussing chapter one.

I want you to discuss the following questions with your partner.

When was the Victorian era? What is a gentleman? And in what ways is a gentleman different from a man? Pause the video and have a discussion if you've got a partner.

Don't worry if you're working by yourself, it's fine for you to make a few notes.

Think through these questions, think through your responses.

So pause the video as you do this, give it a go and press play when you are ready to continue.

Fantastic, I heard some great discussions there, some really lovely ideas, really getting your head around the context of this novella and well done if you are working by yourself as well.

So let's have a look at some of the things that you might have said.

I want to shine a bit of a spotlight here on some of the fantastic things that you might have said.

So let's think about when was the Victorian era? Well, the Victorian era spanned from 1837 to 1901 and it was called the Victorian 'cause it was named after Queen of Victoria during her reign.

And during this time there was actually a lot of rapid change and evolving societal norms. So society and expectations of society changed quite rapidly during this time.

So that second question then, what is a gentleman? Well, within this context, if we think about a Victorian gentleman, it's the idea of this iconic, almost this very specific representation of this ideal way that men were expected to behave, this idealisation of masculine behaviour.

So you might have mentioned things around morality, ways men would be expected to behave.

You might have also mentioned things around social status where gentlemen may have sat in society, they may have been in the upper classes.

You might have thought about gentlemen being related to metropolitan centres.

So you might have thought about London would've been a very, as the capital of England, the capital of the UK, in the Victorian era, would very much have been a bustling centre of industry.

And you would've maybe expected lots of gentlemen to be living in these metropolitan centres.

Well done if you said any of these things, and of course if you brought in your own context as well.

So that third question I challenged you in, in what ways is a gentleman different from a man? Let's see some of the things that you might have said.

So in the Victorian context, a gentleman was typically middle to upper class.

So well done if you mentioned social status.

They might have had a formal education and they certainly would've engaged in non-manual professions.

So less likely to do the kind of work that would get your hands dirty.

They would've adhered to a strict moral code, behaved in certain ways, dressed in certain ways and followed certain social codes of how they'd be expected to behave with others.

On the other hand, man would've been referred to any male regardless of their class, profession or education, and therefore there might have been very varied expectations of them based on their social context.

So well done if you managed to pick out that definition between a gentleman and a man.

And the gentleman or the Victorian gentleman is a really important idea as we look at our text today.

So before we move on, let's just remind ourselves what social class means 'cause it's gonna be a word or a phrase that comes up frequently during this text.

So social class is a hierarchical division in a society that's based on wealth, occupation, education, or other factors.

You are gonna hear us talking about the middle and upper classes.

These are people who would've had money, they might have had jobs like doctors or scientists or lawyers, jobs that were still very hard work but maybe didn't involve much manual labour.

They would've been educated and would've likely kind of spent time around other people in the same social class.

On the other hand, we might talk about the lower classes and they would be, and the working classes and they'd be people doing the manual labour.

They might not have had an opportunity to have a formal education.

They probably didn't have much wealth to their name.

And again, society might have expected different behaviours from them.

Okay, let's do a check for understanding now.

What characteristics were commonly associated with a Victorian gentleman? I want you to select all that apply.

So A, would they have been a manual labourer doing work with their hands, would B, would they have adhere to a strict moral code, C, would they have adhere to a strict dress code, D, would they have had an informal education? Pause the video, have a think, select your responses.

Remember there might be more than one and press play when you are ready to continue.

Yes, congratulations if you said B and C, a Victorian gentleman would've likely adhered to a strict moral code, expected ways of behaviour, they'd have also dressed very formally as well, certainly when they were out in public.

Well done if you selected those two.

Okay, another check for understanding then, let's just remind ourselves, what is social class? Is it A, the cultural norms and shared value and values that are shared in the community? Is it B, a method of communication between groups or is it C, hierarchical divisions in society based on wealth and education? Pause the video, have a think, press play when you are ready to continue.

Yes, well done if you said C, it's a hierarchy.

It is a way a society is divided into a hierarchy and it's often based on wealth, occupation, and formal education.

Well done if you selected that response.

Okay, over to our first task in today's lesson.

In "The Strange Case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," Stevenson employs a third person limited narrative voice and this follows the character of Mr. Utterson.

So we follow Mr. Utterson on his journey throughout this text, this novella.

In the first chapter, we learn that Mr. Utterson is a lawyer in London.

That's what we're gonna be finding out in the first chapter.

So before we get started with our reading, I want you to think about these three questions.

I'd like you to write some responses down.

In the Victorian society of setting of the novella, how does one's job determine their place in the social hierarchy? So remember what we said about social class and hierarchy.

Why do you think someone's job is gonna determine their place in the social hierarchy? Two, do you think Utterson's job as a lawyer will make him a trustworthy narrator? Do you think we as a reader should be able to trust him if he is a lawyer? And three, how could Utterson's social standing shape the way that he views events in the story? So pause your video, write some brief responses to these questions and press play when you are ready to continue.

Off you go, press play when you are ready to continue with the lesson.

Well done, I saw some really hard work there.

Let's have a look at some of the things that you may have said and a reminder, these are not the only answers, but whenever we're looking for answers in English, we're looking for them to be logical and to be able to be justified, either with a quotation from the text or in this case a context that you may know.

So let's have a look then, shall we? So professions in the Victorian era directly linked to your social status.

Jobs like law indicated that you had a higher status, manual labour probably suggesting you had a lower social class.

The reason for this, well, if you were doing law, it's very likely that you would've had a formal education and formal education would've meant access to wealth and money.

Okay, so well done if you acknowledged that Utterson's profession then would place him in the middle to upper classes of society.

So Utterson's role as a lawyer then, let's think about what that might say to us as a reader.

Well, it's gonna signify respectability.

His middle class position might imply that he's a character that we should be able to trust.

He's educated so therefore, he might be thinking logically.

As a lawyer, he's kind of swears to uphold the law.

So it feels like he should be a very trustworthy character to us.

And finally, we know as we've established that Utterson is likely to be of the upper middle class standing.

And therefore, we might infer that Utterson is going to value societal norms. He's gonna value respectable behaviour, he's gonna value following the moral code.

So again, it feels like this is a character we should trust, who is gonna have really good morals and we should be able to kind of value the way that he behaves within this novella.

Well done if you made these predictions based on the historical and social context that we know the novel was set in, fantastic job.

Okay, it is now time for us to move on to reading chapter one.

So we're gonna do some close reading, which means looking at the text in detail and answering some really specific questions about it.

But before we do that, it's always really important that we just do a general read through and make sure we understand what is going on.

So I'm gonna read an extract or the opening extract from chapter one.

And all I want you to do is follow along and listen carefully to make sure you understand what is happening.

"Mr Utterson the lawyer was a man of rugged countenance, "that was never lighted by a smile, "cold, scanty and embarrassed in discourse, "backward in sentiment, lean, long, dusty, dreary, "and yet somehow lovable.

"At friendly meetings, and when the wine was to his taste, "something eminently human beaconed from his eye, "something indeed which never found its way into his talk, "but which spoke not only in these silent symbols "of the after-dinner face, "but more often and loudly in the acts of his life.

"He was austere with himself, "he drank gin when he was alone, "to mortify a taste for vintages, "and though he enjoyed the theatre, "he had not crossed the doors of one for 20 years." Okay, let's check our initial understanding of that text, and in particular, the character of Mr. Utterson.

True or false, do you think Mr. Utterson is a character to be feared? Pause the video, give this a go and press play when you are ready to continue.

Yes, well done if you said false, he's not a man to be feared.

Let's see if we can justify that answer.

So is it A, Utterson is an approachable man who seems like he could be trusted by all in society? Or is it B, whilst Utterson has a stern appearance, it is clear from his actions that he was an approachable and respected gentleman? Okay, both of these answers might be correct.

I want you to decide which you think is the most detailed and sophisticated justification.

Pause the video, give it a go and press play when you are ready to continue.

Yes, well done if you said B.

It is clear from Stevenson's description of Utterson that he's actually got quite a stern appearance.

He's not described as being the most outwardly friendly looking character.

However, it's through his actions that we know he's an approachable, respectful gentleman, he helps others in society as his job as a lawyer.

And so well done if you selected B.

Okay, we're gonna dive a little bit deeper now into some really specific questions.

Remember, whenever we're reading a text, whether it's by ourselves or with our class, we should always be asking ourselves questions to check that we're understanding what we're reading, particularly when a text is as complex as this one.

So let's start with a couple of definitions for you.

So countenance is a person's facial expression and embarrassed in discourse means that he was awkward or sometimes hesitant when having conversations with others.

So we can see from this initial description, it kind of like links to what we just said in the check for understanding there that actually he had quite a stern external presentation.

Okay, so we see this contrast here of Mr. Utterson being described as both dreary, long, lean, long, dusty, dreary, yet, and this is a really key adjective, lovable, okay? And really important that we focus on this element of Mr. Utterson, this is gonna be important as he is, like I said, the narrator or the third person limited narrator, follows his perspective.

So it's really important for us as a reader that we understand not just what he looks like externally, but what he's like as a person.

So let's think about how do you reconcile these seemingly opposing traits in his character.

This is seems like quite a contrast, a juxtaposition.

Why might Stevenson have used these two adjectives to describe him? Pause the video, have a discussion and press play when you are ready to continue.

Okay, well done if you've said something along the lines of Mr. Utterson's dreary yet lovable traits highlight this idea of duality.

It indicates that people can have more than one trait going on in them at one time.

We often think of when we think about the theme of duality and when we think about the theme of duality within this novel, we might instinctively go to good versus evil.

Some people might look good on the outside but might be evil on the inside.

And that's a kind of very stark example of duality.

But here we get a more subtle example of duality, that actually people can have warmth and humanity within them, even if their facade, their outer image is quite stern and reserved.

Okay, we then see as Stevenson was using this quite evocative phrase, there was, "Something eminently human beaconed from his eye." What do you think this suggests about Mr. Utterson's inner nature or his emotions, the fact that in his eyes, you can see something eminently human? Pause the video, have a discussion or make some notes if you're working by yourself and press play when you are ready to continue.

Some lovely ideas there, well done.

I just want to spotlight some of the fantastic things that I heard.

So it could suggest that actually Utterson has a real depth of emotion and humanity beneath this stoic, stern exterior.

And that reveals that there's actually a more sensitive and empathetic side that isn't immediately apparent.

And I think that's important because this is a man of the law.

This is a man as a lawyer who has to help people.

So it's really important that he does have this sensitive and empathetic side.

Okay, towards the end of the extract we learn that Mr. Utterson chooses to drink gin alone and gin would've been seen as a more affordable spirit alcohol to drink in comparison to vintages, so vintages means that they are kind of very expensive kind of wines or spirits that may have been kind of kept for a long, long time, and therefore they're worth quite a lot of money, but actually Mr. Utterson drinks gin when he's alone.

Why do you think, or what might that tell us about him? Why might he do that? Pause the video, have a discussion, make some notes and press play when you are ready to continue.

Well done, I heard some really nice ideas there.

And well done to those of you who talked about like restraint.

Ultimately, Utterson is self imposing restraint.

It shows that he prioritises his principles over pleasure.

He could as an upper middle, upper class man probably afford vintages.

But actually for him it's about showing restraint.

It's about showing, actually he's a principled man.

And yes, he'd love to have some pleasures, but actually, you know, pleasures are kind of, can be a sign of frivolity or a sign of a lack of restraint.

So well done if you said anything like that.

And again we see right at the end, it says, despite his enjoyment of the theatre, we know that Mr. Utterson has not enjoyed one for 20 years.

What do you think this might reveal about his social habits or his personal choices? Pause the video, have a discussion and press play when you are ready to continue.

Well done if you said things about him valuing his duty as a lawyer over his leisure, and actually, you know, he values or he thinks important he's actually doing his job and providing for society is much more important than him enjoying a lavish lifestyle.

Well done if you said any of those things.

Okay, last question then.

So we've talked a lot about Utterson's like inner kind of warmth, but actually in the extract here it says that this is something that never really finds its way into his talk or into the acts, but is more often seen in his acts of life.

Let's think about what do these phrases suggest about the way that Utterson communicates or expresses himself? Pause the video, have a quick discussion and press play when you are ready to continue.

Okay, some great ideas then.

Well done if you said anything along the lines of that actually Mr. Utterson is much more a man of action rather than words.

So he expresses his true feelings through the deeds that he does for society rather than the things that he says he's going to do.

So again, probably showing that this is a man who truthfully wants to do the best for his society and the people around him.

Okay, let's do another check for understanding then, now we've looked at this extract in more detail.

How is Mr. Utterson described in the passage? Is it A, cheerful, talkative with a smooth complexion, B, short and stout with an open-hearted demeanour, C, rugged countenance, lean and long, cold in conversation, but lovable, D, energetic and vibrant, frequently smiling? Pause the video, give this a go and press play when you are ready to continue.

Well done if you said C.

Really important that we can acknowledge that whilst he's stern on the outside, there is definitely a lovable underneath to Mr. Utterson.

Okay, over to you now.

I would like you to reread at the start of the chapter and I want you to read up to the section that says, "Please the eye of the passenger." As ever, whenever we're reading, I am gonna set some questions for you to ask yourself, okay? It's really important that we ask ourselves questions as we're reading 'cause this will check that we are understanding what it is we are reading.

If we find that we can't answer any of these questions, that's fine.

We just need to pause, reread the section that we've just read and double check our understanding.

So these are the questions that we are gonna try to answer today.

Would you say Utterson would describe himself as judgemental? Stevenson describes Utterson as, "The last good influence of down-going men." What do you think this might mean? Why do Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield value their Sunday walks? How would you describe the street that they walk down? And what is interesting about this street in comparison to its surroundings? What could this be foreshadowing? So pause the video, read the opening of chapter one and press play when you have given yourself an opportunity to answer these questions.

Good luck, off you go, see you shortly.

Okay, welcome back and well done.

This is a challenging text, so well done if you've read this in independently or if you've read this together as a class, well done.

Okay, let's have a look at some of those questions that I challenged you to ask yourself as you were reading and let's see the kind of responses that you may have provided.

So would Utterson describe himself as judgmental? Well, Utterson believes as a lawyer, it's his job not to judge others.

He says, "I let my brother go "to the devil in his own quaintly way," suggesting it's not his job to judge the sinful actions of others.

Stevenson describes Utterson as, "The last good influence "of down-going men." What do you think that means? Well, well done (clears throat), excuse me.

Well done if you said that down-going men could refer to a man who's committed crimes, and therefore is likely gonna end up in prison.

Utterson sees his role as a lawyer to be the last good influence, the gentleman who should support them, not judge them.

Well done if you said anything along those lines.

Okay, for the third question, why do Utterson and Enfield value their Sunday walks? Well, you may have said something along the line of that they greatly value their Sunday walks because they consider them the chief jewel of each week.

They seem to cherish the escape from their daily lives and may represent a moment of respite from their otherwise uneventful routines.

It's well done if you said that they really enjoy those walks together.

And let's think about how the street they walk down is described.

Well, well done if you said it's described as thriving, inviting, a lively place and it actually contrasts quite significantly with the dingy neighbourhood that it's in.

And let's look at that last question now.

What was interesting about the street in comparison to its surroundings? And what could this be foreshadowing? Well, well done if you said anything along the lines of that actually there was a real contrast between the thriving street and the dingy neighbourhood.

And that might foreshadow that everything isn't quite how it seems. It's slightly uneasy having these two areas, that feel quite juxtaposed, quite contrast by having them right next to each other.

And we could link this to one of those key words from today's lesson and a key theme of the novella, which is duality, this idea that kind of two very different ideas can exist together.

So this could foreshadow how different social classes will be impacted by the novella's mystery.

We know that text is called "The Strange Case," that potentially, there is gonna be a mystery here and the setting alludes to both the middle classes and the working classes of Victorian London.

So this could be a story that covers a range of social classes.

Well done if you made any of those predictions based on what you read in the opening chapter.

Okay, well done, we've come to the end of our lesson where we've introduced our narrator, Mr. Utterson.

On the screen you can see a summary of the key things that we have covered.

Do take your time to read through this, pausing the video if you need to, to make sure you have definitely understood and learned all of these key things.

Thank you so much for joining me today.

I hope you can join me for future lessons in this unit.

See you all soon, thank you, goodbye.

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