Good morning.

My name is Miss Halliday.

Thank you so much for joining me for this very exciting lesson where we are going to start reading Dickens' "A Christmas Carol," which is one of my favourite texts ever.

So I could not be more excited for today's lesson.

I'm really looking forward to seeing what you come up with.

So without further ado, let's get started.

Hello and welcome to today's lesson.

It is called Stave One, Scrooge the Miser.

I'm really excited for today's lesson, because it is obviously our first one in our "A Christmas Carol" series where we're going to be looking at Scrooge's redemption over the course of the novella.

In order to look at Scrooge's redemption, we first need to understand how Scrooge is portrayed.

So by the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand how Scrooge is portrayed in the opening of the novella.

So let's get on to our learning.

But first, here are some keywords that you will need in order to access today's lesson.

So we've got preface, impoverished, stave, avarice, and miser.

Here are the definitions of these key words.

I suggest that you read them carefully, and if you feel the need to pause the video and write them down, then please feel free to do so.

So here's today's lesson outline.

First of all, we're going to look at Dickens' experiences with poverty.

We're then going to read stave one, and then we're going to have a discussion about how Scrooge is presented as a miserly character.

So let's start first of all by looking at Dickens' experiences with poverty.

Okay, so here's a list of three really significant events that happened in Dickens' life in 1843, and I've put them in chronological order for you.

So the first one was that Dickens began to write a pamphlet titled "An Appeal to the People of England, on Behalf of the Poor Man's Child." Now the second was that he gave a speech in Manchester in 1843 in which he condemned the rich for their, and this is a quote, "Brutal ignorance and years of wicked action." Some quite condemning words there from Dickens.

And then finally, we know that he also published "A Christmas Carol" late in 1843 in December.

Now, what I'd like you to do with this information is have a quick discussion and I'd like you to think, "Well, what does the fact that Dickens tried three different ways of campaigning show you about Victorian society's attitudes towards the poor? And which of these methods of campaign do you think might be the most effective and why?" So I'm going to invite you now to pause the video while you discuss those questions with the people around you, and before we share some ideas together.

So off you go.

Fantastic discussions and some really insightful opinions being shared there so thank you very much for those.

Now, in terms of the fact that Dickens had to try three different ways of campaigning, well, what that might suggest to us is how prevalent an issue poverty was in Victorian society, and also how strongly Dickens felt about the discrimination and the injustice that poor people were facing.

And Dickens was actually really appalled by many people's attitudes towards the poor and their lack of empathy for the plight and the suffering that the poor were going through.

So I guess what this suggests is that Dickens felt really compelled to campaign for the rights of the poor, and he felt that kind of it was his responsibility, or he took it on as his responsibility to try and enlighten the general Victorian population as to exactly what life was like for the poor, because he recognised that many upper middle class people were deliberately turning a blind eye to their suffering and just weren't interested in trying to understand what the poor were going through.

So Dickens has taken it upon himself to try and educate people so that he could pave the way for a more just and more fair and a more equal society for everybody, especially the poor.

Now, in terms of which of these methods of campaign might be the most effective, well, what's really interesting about Dickens is that he actually never finished his pamphlet "An Appeal to the People of England." And that's because he decided that actually what would be more effective would be to present the plight of the poor through a fictional story.

So he would undertake a fictional campaign for the rights of the poor.

And I think that was a really clever move, because actually what the novel does is it humanises the poor, and it kind of portrays the suffering of the poor on an individual level, because we all know that it's quite difficult to empathise with statistics sometimes, because you're not getting that personal element.

So what Dickens was doing in writing "A Christmas Carol" was bringing a really personalised depiction of poverty to the people of Victorian England.

And that wasn't something that they'd previously considered.

And Dickens intended for "A Christmas Carol" to be, "A sledgehammer blow to the population." And he wanted people to really be able to empathise with the poor on an individual level and be hit hard by the stories of poverty that we see in this novella like that of the Cratchits and Tiny Tim.

So I think it was a really clever move for Dickens to kind of abandon his pamphlet and choose to write the novella instead, because as I say, it brings that much more personal, much more humanised depiction of poverty that people were able to empathise with.

And this might have been more effective in kind of bringing about that social change that Dickens really desperately wanted to see.

So well done if you've got any of those ideas.

Fantastic work.

So first of all, Dickens wrote a preface to his novel.

So we're going to read that preface now, and we're going to make predictions about the novel.

So first of all, here's the preface.

I'll read it to you now.

Dickens writes, "I have endeavoured in this ghostly little book to raise the ghost of an idea, which shall not put my readers out of humour with themselves, with each other, with their season, or with me.

May it haunt their houses pleasantly and no one wish to lay it.

Their faithful friend and servant, Charles Dickens." Okay, so now that we've read his preface, I'd like you to take a few moments to discuss the following questions.

First of all, what kind of story might this be that we're going to read, and what might its purpose be? Secondly, what might Dickens' idea that he referenced be, and how does he want us to respond to this book? And finally, who might the "their" be? So again, I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you have those conversations and discussions, and before we share our ideas as a group.

Some great discussions there.

Well done.

And congratulations if you identified that this novella is going to be a ghost story, and we know that it's going to champion empathy and charity, because we've looked at Dickens' life, and we can see that those were possibly two things that he really lacked in his early life, okay? People being kind to him and people providing his family with charitable relief.

It may also suggest that Dickens wants us to learn from this book and heed its message.

So really pay attention to the moral of this tale that he's telling.

He doesn't want us to read it and then forget about it, okay? He really wants us to reflect on the message that's been put across here.

And the "their" is the reader, and Dickens' readers were mostly upper to middle class, okay? And that's largely because of their education and the fact that a lot of poor people were not given an education, sorry.

But also those are the people that he's really targeting in this book.

And those are the people that he wants to read this book and heed his warning because of their terrible attitudes towards the impoverished in Victorian society.

Reflect why Dickens wrote "A Christmas Carol." Is it A, that Dickens wrote "A Christmas Carol" for poor people so that they would understand that they are not alone in their suffering? He wanted to bring them comfort through narrating their shared experience and give them hope that better times may come.

Or is it B, Dickens wrote "A Christmas Carol" for the upper to middle classes in London to raise awareness of the terrible living conditions of the poor? He wanted his middle to upper class readers to recognise the immorality of their blind ignorance and be more empathetic and charitable towards the poor.

So I'm gonna give you a few moments to pause the video, reread those answer options, and jot down which statement you think best reflects why Dickens wrote this novella.

And well done if you identified that it is, in fact, B.

So that's our first task of the lesson.

I would like you to complete the three sentences below.

Dickens empathised with the plight of the poor because.

Dickens empathised with the plight of the poor but.

And finally, Dickens empathised with the plight of the poor so.

I'm going to allow you to pause the video while you complete those three sentences and before we share an example of what you might have written, so off you go.

Some really great effort there.

Well done.

I could see you all thinking really hard about how to make those sentences fit with the knowledge that you've just been given.

So here's what you could have written.

First of all, Dickens empathised with the plight of the poor because as a young child, he experienced poverty firsthand and witnessed the persecution that poor people faced, notably when his father was incarcerated for debt.

You might have written, Dickens empathised with the plight of the poor but unfortunately, many upper and middle class Victorian citizens did not share Dickens' compassionate outlook, instead choosing to turn a blind eye to the suffering of the impoverished lower classes.

And finally, you might have written, Dickens empathised with the plight of the poor, so he campaigned for better support for the poor throughout his life and wrote "A Christmas Carol" to try and change society's perceptions of those living in poverty.

So well done if you've got anything like these.

Excellent work.

So on to our second part of the lesson where we're going to begin reading this novella, and we're gonna look at stave one, part one in particular.

Before we do any close reading, I'd like to read through some of the text with you myself.

So as I'm reading, you should be following along on screen.

"Marley was dead to begin with.

There is no doubt, whatever about that.

The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker and the chief mourner.

Scrooge signed it, and Scrooge's name was good upon change for anything he chose to put his hand to.

Old Marley was as dead as a doornail.

Mind, I don't mean to say that I know of my own knowledge what there is particularly dead about a doornail.

I might have been inclined myself to regard a coffin nail as the deadest piece of ironmongery in the trade.

But the wisdom of our ancestors is in the simile, and my unhallowed hands shall not disturb it, or the country's done for.

You will therefore permit me to repeat emphatically that Marley was as dead as a doornail." So just let's have a little check for understanding before we continue.

So which of the following best summarises the section of text that you have just read? Is it A, we learn that Marley is dead, and that Scrooge signed his death certificate? Is it B, we learned that Marley might be dead, but that Scrooge isn't sure, because he's no longer in contact with him? Or is it C, we learned that Marley was dead but has since come back to life? So I'm gonna give you a few moments to pause the video while you make your choice.

And well done if you identified that A is correct.

In that little passage, we learned that Marley was definitely dead.

Dickens is very clear about that, and that it was Scrooge who signed his death certificate.

So the next section we're going to read together.

"Scrooge knew he was dead? Of course he did.

How could it be otherwise? Scrooge and he were partners for I don't know how many years.

Scrooge was his sole executor, his sole administrator, his sole assign, his sole residuary legatee, his sole friend and sole mourner.

And even Scrooge was not so dreadfully cut up by the sad event, but that he was an excellent man of business on the very day of the funeral and solemnised it with an undoubted bargain.

The mention of Marley's funeral brings me back to the point I started from.

There is no doubt that Marley was dead.

This must be distinctly understood, or nothing wonderful can come of the story I'm going to relate." I'd just like to take the opportunity to clarify a few little bits of vocabulary.

So first of all, we learn that Scrooge was Marley's sole executor.

Now the executor is the person who carries out the requests outlined in somebody's will after they die.

We also need to be able to understand what a residuary legatee is.

And this is a person who's been left property or money after a death.

I'm gonna give you a few questions that I'd like you to consider.

First of all, I'd like you to think, well, how did Marley know Scrooge? Okay, how did Scrooge know Marley? What impression do we get of Marley? And how did Scrooge feel about Marley's death? Okay, so I'm gonna give you a few minutes to pause the video while you have those conversations and decide on your answers.

Fantastic.

Some great discussions.

Now we know that Scrooge and Marley were business partners, okay? And they were clearly somewhat friends as well.

In terms of our impression of Marley, well, we get the impression that Marley perhaps didn't have many friends, okay? And we know that because Scrooge seems like he was everything to him.

He was his only executor, his only administrator, okay? His only residuary legatee, and his only friend.

Scrooge is the only person who attended Marley's funeral because he knew him in life.

So we kind of get the impression that perhaps Marley was a very isolated character.

We're not quite sure why at this stage.

But we might guess that either he was anxious and quite liked his own company, or that he was perhaps quite an unpleasant character that other people didn't get on with, okay? And we're not sure which one it is just yet, but I'm sure that we'll find out.

In terms of how Scrooge felt about Marley's death, well, he can't have been that upset about it, because he used it as an opportunity to get a bargain, and he seemed more concerned about that than giving his friend a good sendoff.

Okay, so we're getting the impression that perhaps Scrooge is quite an unfeeling character as well, maybe.

So let's check for understanding.

So what did Scrooge appreciate about Marley's funeral? Was it A, that he got to mourn his only friend? Was it B, that lots of people attended it? Was it C, that he got it for a bargain price? Or was it D, that it was a really quick service? So again, I'd encourage you to pause the video while you jot your answer down.

And well done if you identified that yes, Scrooge liked Marley's funeral because he got it for a bargain price.

Well done.

So on to our next section of text.

I'll read again.

You be following along.

"If we were not perfectly convinced that Hamlet's father died before the play began, there would be nothing more remarkable in his taking a stroll at night in an easterly wind, upon his own ramparts, than there would be in any other middle aged gentleman rashly turning out after dark in a breezy spot, say St.

Paul's church yard, for instance, literally to astonish his son's weak mind.

Scrooge never painted out old Marley's name.

There it stood, years afterwards, above the warehouse door.

Scrooge and Marley.

The firm was known as Scrooge and Marley.

Sometimes people new to the business called Scrooge, Scrooge, and sometimes Marley, but he answered to both names.

It was all the same to him." So just to clarify, that little allusion to "Hamlet." In "Hamlet," the play written by Shakespeare, Hamlet's father, we learned, died before the play began.

But then Hamlet sees his father wandering the grounds as a ghost, okay? And I think Dickens is just trying to make it really clear here that Marley is in fact dead, and he's as dead as Hamlet's father was, despite the fact that Hamlet's father, you know, came back as a ghost in the play.

So I'd like you to discuss now these two questions.

First of all, why is it important that we understand that Marley was definitely dead? And finally, what impression of Scrooge do we get here? Okay, so I'm gonna give you a few moments to pause the video and discuss those questions now.

Okay, so obviously Dickens has made it very, very clear that Marley is definitely dead.

And the reason for that is because we know that this is a ghost story.

Charles Dickens makes that clear in his preface.

He says, you know, it's a ghostly little book.

And so we can assume that much like Hamlet's father, the same will happen of Marley.

Now, a little spoiler alert here.

Marley's ghost is a character later in the novella, actually at the end of the section you're going to read today.

But I think it's really important for us to understand that he's definitely dead, because we need to believe in the ghosts, okay? We need to believe in the supernatural elements to this tale in order to heed its message.

So Dickens is very, very clear about the fact that we must understand that the ghost is real, and that it's not Scrooge imagining it, okay? We need to understand that Marley has not come back to life, that this is definitely the ghost of Marley that is haunting Scrooge, okay? So that's really important for us to understand, and that's why he includes that reference to "Hamlet" there.

In terms of what impression we're getting of Scrooge, we're getting the impression that Scrooge is quite an isolated character himself, and that he doesn't interact with people very often, because people clearly don't know his name very well, as they call him both Scrooge and Marley.

It seems that Scrooge is quite unbothered about other people's opinions of him as well, as he doesn't care about the fact he's called the wrong name because it's all the same to him.

We also get the impression that Scrooge might be quite lazy or not very proactive or perhaps quite stingy with his money, as he has never painted Marley's name out of their business sign, okay? Which could suggest that either he's lazy, or he doesn't want to pay somebody else to do it.

Okay, so those are the impressions that we're picking up of Scrooge at this point in the novella.

So in a minute I'm going to be getting you to read independently.

And while you're doing that, it's really important that you are reading interactively, okay? Yes, we're reading this book for pleasure and joy, because it's a fantastic book, but we're actually studying it, okay? So we need to be looking out specifically for Dickens' characterization and paying really close attention to the character development of our key figures in this text.

So here's some interactive reading strategies that I'd like you to do while you are reading independently.

So first of all, I'd recommend that you circle key vocabulary.

I'd also recommend that you underline important words and phrases that you think you might want to come back to later in the text, that you use square brackets to draw attention to important paragraphs, 'cause sometimes a whole paragraph's really useful and you think, "I'm gonna come back to that later." So in that sense, you put square brackets around it.

I'd encourage you to put a star next to any key ideas.

That could be your own key ideas or Dickens' key ideas.

And I would also encourage you strongly to write margin notes or annotations as you are reading through, just to help you remember little key inferences and ideas that you might discuss either with me or with your teacher.

Okay, so it's really important to remember to do that.

So what I've done here is I've modelled this interactive reading for you for the next section of text that we are going to read.

Okay, so I'll read it first and you can see what I've picked out as the important parts and how I've shown that on my copy of the text.

"Oh, but he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge.

A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner.

Hard and sharp as flint, from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire.

Secret and self-contained and solitary as an oyster.

The cold within him froze his features, nipped his pointed nose, shrivelled his cheek, stiffened his gait, made his eyes red, his thin lips blue, and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice.

A frosty rime was on his head, and on his eyebrows and his wiry chin.

He carried his own low temperature always about with him.

He iced his office in the dog days, and didn't throw it one degree at Christmas." Okay, so I've just read that to you, and now I'm going to model how I would annotate this little passage.

So in my margin I might write something like this.

All of these verbs, squeezing, wrenching, grasping, et cetera, they all have really negative connotations, and they show this idea of greed and selfishness.

So as I'm reading, I'll be making little annotations like that so that I can remind myself later that that's what my initial impression of Scrooge was.

I also might be writing down that there's a frequent association here of Scrooge with cold weather, because we've got this colour blue, we've got frosty, and I've got low temperature.

And this is an idea that I think might be really important to this text.

So I'm gonna annotate it quickly in the margin so that when I come back to it later, I'll know what I was thinking at that moment in time.

Okay, so here's the kind of interactive reading that I'm expecting you to be doing when I set you off independently in a moment.

So first, let's check your understanding.

What is the effect of Scrooge being associated with cold weather in this extract? I'm gonna give you a few moments to pause the video while you read those answer choices and decide which one you think is the most appropriate.

And well done if you identify that it is, in fact, C.

Okay, you know, that extended metaphor that compares Scrooge to the cold, shows his emotional coldness, and it illustrates that he's a cold-hearted character.

Well done if you got that right.

So now over to you.

And I'm passing the matter to you so that you can read independently now.

I'd like you to read part one of stave one, and it goes from, "External heat and cold had little influence on Scrooge," all the way to, "I know him, Marley's ghost," which is a little bit of a spoiler, but I'd kind of already ruined that for you anyway.

Okay, so you are gonna do that.

Undertake that reading yourself independently.

As you read, I'd like you to pause at the relevant points and discuss the following questions.

How is Scrooge's nephew different from Scrooge? What is Scrooge's attitude towards Christmas? What do the two men want from Scrooge, and how does he respond to their request? How does Scrooge treat his clerk? What is different about Scrooge's door knocker? And finally, who appears at the end of the extract? And it goes without saying that you should be doing your interactive reading like I've just modelled for you.

So I'm gonna invite you now to pause the video while you read and have those discussions before we share the answers.

Well done.

Some fantastic interactive reading there.

And I can see loads of annotations on those texts, so well done.

So let's share our responses to the questions.

First of all, in terms of how Scrooge's nephew is different from him, well, he's much more jovial than Scrooge.

He's described as having sparkly eyes, being all in a glow, and that directly juxtaposes Scrooge's frosty rime and thin lips that are blue.

So they're completely opposite characters.

So the next question, what's Scrooge's attitude towards Christmas? Well, Scrooge detests Christmas, and he thinks that it's a time for paying bills, becoming older and losing money.

And he very much regards it as a miserable time.

What do the two men want from Scrooge, and how does he respond to this request? Well, the men want a donation from Scrooge to help the poor.

And Scrooge is really rude to them, and refuses to help and donate and states that he believes that the poor belong in the workhouses or prisons.

And this shows his avaricious nature and his clear lack of empathy for the poor.

In terms of how Scrooge treats his clerk, well, Scrooge treats Bob really poorly.

He forbids him from having a fire in his room and begrudgingly grants him Christmas day off, but accuses him of picking his pocket and remarks that Bob should be in earlier on Boxing Day to compensate for the day off.

So again, we can see here Scrooge is a very miserly character.

What's different about Scrooge's door knocker? Well, Marley's face has appeared in it.

Okay, very bizarre.

We wouldn't expect that, would we? Okay, so that is what's different about Scrooge's door knocker.

And finally, who appears at the end of the chapter? I ruined this for you earlier in the lesson, but surprise, surprise, Marley's ghost is the character who appears at the end of the chapter, much too Scrooge's astonishment.

Now, if you would like to take the opportunity to share any of the annotations you made when active reading, then I would encourage you to pause the video now and do so.

So on to the third part of the lesson, where we're going to have a look at Scrooge in a little bit more detail and how he is characterised as a miser.

So first of all, we know from the keywords that a miser is a person who hoards wealth and spends as little money as possible.

Scrooge is a miser, and Dickens uses Scrooge's lodgings to reflect this about him.

So I'd like you to discuss where do we see Scrooge's miserly nature reflected in his surroundings? And I've given you this quotation to focus on here.

"Darkness is cheap and Scrooge liked it." So again, I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you have those discussions.

Some fantastic discussions there.

So let's have a look at the quotation I gave you as a starting point.

So first of all, if we take this quotation literally, "Darkness is cheap and Scrooge liked it," we can see that Scrooge, you know, likes living in darkness because he doesn't have to pay for the fuel.

Okay, so that it's literally cheap for Scrooge to live in darkness because he doesn't have to fund it, fund the light, okay? However, metaphorically, the darkness here represents Scrooge's ignorance, okay? And that ignorance is to the suffering of others around him, okay? Particularly the poor.

Now, this willful ignorance makes his life cheaper, metaphorically, because it prevents him from feeling morally obligated to donate money or contribute financially to his community beyond what is expected of him in taxes.

So this also makes his life cheaper, okay? So he's saving money on two counts here, one, in charity and two, in fuel.

And we see here as well that Scrooge is actually really satisfied with his social isolation, because it's self-inflicted.

He enjoys being on his own, and that's really important for us to understand here.

So well done if you picked out any of those ideas.

Let's test your understanding.

True or false.

Scrooge is so uncharitable towards others because he likes to spend his money on living a luxurious life.

Do you think that's true or false? And I'm gonna give you a moment to pause the video while you make your choice.

Fantastic.

Well done if you identified that it is, in fact, false.

I'm now going to show you two justifications.

And again, I'd like you to pause the video while you decide which you think is the reason that that statement is, in fact, false.

And well done if you identified that it is, in fact, B.

Scrooge is really uncharitable to others.

But he also denies himself the luxuries that he can afford.

So what I'm going to ask you to do now for our final task of the lesson is annotate these quotations, looking specifically at where we see Scrooge's miserly nature and reflected in his environment.

So here were your two quotations.

I've just modelled it with, "The darkness is cheap." You are taking that and you are annotating this yourself, okay? So I'm gonna ask you to pause the video while you have a look at annotating how we see Scrooge's miserly nature.

So the fact that he hoards wealth and doesn't spend money reflected in his environment.

So off you go.

Okay, so first of all, we can see here that Scrooge begrudges himself luxury as well as others, okay? So he doesn't believe in spending money on anyone, including himself.

And his living style is really economic.

It's completely geared towards him saving money and not spending anything.

So we see here this small fire, which means that he doesn't have to spend much money on coal 'cause he, you know, coal would've been expensive, and he doesn't want to spend his money on that.

The little saucepan and the old fire guard, and the old shoes.

It's all very economical.

He doesn't replace old things.

Even though if we look at the fact that the fire guard is old, that could be very dangerous, 'cause that could be a fire hazard.

And yet he still doesn't value even his own life enough to replace a safety implement like a fire guard.

Okay? Same with his shoes.

He wears them every day and he still doesn't want to spend the money to replace them, something that he wears every day.

So here we can really see his miserly nature of him hoarding money and not wanting to spend it.

He also eats gruel.

Now, gruel you might have, if you've read "Oliver Twist," you might learn what gruel is.

It's a very cheap and tasteless meal, okay? And again, it shows how stingy and miserly Scrooge is, because he's got enough money that he's able to eat some really quite decent food.

And yet he chooses to eat gruel.

I mean, that just exemplifies his miserliness really, doesn't it? Okay, why would anyone choose to eat such a bland food when they've got the money to, you know, delve out, and eat something slightly more exotic? But that is just Scrooge's nature.

He doesn't like to spend money on anyone including himself.

He's also too miserly to replace broken or defunct items, which we have touched on already, okay? The fact that he won't replace these items shows that he's miserly because he doesn't want to spend money.

Now again, let's look at it literally and metaphorically.

So literally Scrooge is too stingy to pay for the fuel for a larger fire, okay? And we touched on that in the previous slide.

However, metaphorically, in this novella, fire represents generosity, and Scrooge's fire is low.

So that reflects his miserly nature, because it's clear that he's not very generous or charitable.

Dickens also uses this pathetic fallacy of the bitter night, okay? And that reflects Scrooge's cold-hearted and frosty nature.

Okay, and Dickens actually used that word frosty in the description of Scrooge's physical appearance.

So he's drawing real parallels here to Scrooge's nature and his environment.

So let's summarise today's learning on stave one, the miser.

First of all, we learned that Dickens experienced poverty firsthand, because his father was sent to prison for debt, and he was forced to work at 12 years old to support his family.

We know that Dickens was very critical of people like Scrooge, who lacked compassion for the poor.

We also know that Scrooge is presented as a miser, and that his surroundings are used to reflect his character.

We learned that Scrooge's isolation is self-imposed, and that Dickens uses pathetic fallacies to reflect his lack of generosity and his cold-hearted nature.

And finally, Scrooge represents selfish, middle, and upper class Victorian citizens who willfully ignore the suffering of the poor lower classes.

I'd like to thank you for joining me for this first lesson on "A Christmas Carol," and I'm really looking forward to seeing you for lesson two where we delve a little bit deeper into Dickens' characterization of Scrooge's physical appearance.

So thank you for joining me, and have a fabulous rest of your day.

I'll see you later.