Hello everyone.

Welcome to your lesson on Types of Power and Conflict.

I'm Miss Sutherland and I'll be teaching you today.

A learning outcome for today is to be able to identify and explore modern and historic ideas about power and conflict.

This is going to help us really understand the themes that may come about in the poetry anthology.

We have five key words today.

The first one is power.

Power means control or influence over others.

Conflict.

Conflict is a disagreement or struggle between opposing forces or individuals.

Tyrannical.

Tyrannical means exercising power in a cruel, oppressive way.

A leader that is tyrannical may be called a tyrant.

Sovereignty.

Sovereignty is the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.

And exploitation.

Exploitation is treating someone unfairly to benefit from their work.

So someone may be exploited if they are not paid enough for the work they do whilst their employer profits.

I'll give you a moment to pause the video and note down those keywords.

Great.

In our first learning cycle today, I'll be introducing you to the concepts of power and conflict.

And we'll be looking at what is meant by the terms power and conflict.

In the second learning cycle, we'll look at specific examples of power and conflict, including historic and modern examples of both.

So let's get started with an introduction to power and conflict.

So we're gonna be studying the poetry anthology, "Power and Conflict".

All of these images link to either power or conflict or both.

I want you to discuss how the images below how each one links to power and conflict.

Pause video and discuss that with your partner.

I heard some really perceptive ideas about those images.

Let's discuss what you may have said.

The first image depicts war.

So we could therefore say it links to conflict.

The second image is of money.

We may say that links to power because wealth distribution is often linked to power in our society, those with more money may have more power.

The next one, someone looks like they're battling with something.

Perhaps they're battling with their emotions or their mental health in which we could say they're experiencing psychological conflict.

The camera, the camera could represent this idea of surveillance and whether we are truly free.

And therefore it could link back to this theme of power.

Do we truly have power if we are not free? The next image is of the suffragettes.

So therefore we could say this links to power because the suffragettes campaigned for women to have more power in society, but to also links to conflict because oftentimes these women were up against the rest of society in their campaigns for gender equality.

The next image is of pollution, and we may say that links to power and how humans have power over the environment and how humans also exploits the environment for their own gain.

And lastly, we have a world map which could link to world politics and therefore the power distribution and sovereignty across the world.

Well done if you mentioned any of that.

And of course, any other ideas that you may have had are also very valid.

Now, I want you to think about this.

What do you think is the most important issue for us as a society when it comes to power and conflict? Pause the video and discuss.

Very interesting discussions there.

Now, let's check your understanding of what we've talked about so far.

Which image depicts the power that man exerts over the environments? Pause the video and answer that question.

Well done, if you said picture A depicts the power that man exerts over the environment, we can clearly see that picture A depicts pollution and pollution damages the environment and pollution is one of the ways in which humans damage the environment.

This may be due to factories such as the one we see in the picture.

It could also be due to cars or planes.

I now want you to match these images to the type of power and/or conflict they depict.

More specifically, you've got three images and you've got three examples of power and/or conflict.

So pause the video and match the images to the description.

Off you go.

Let's go through what you may have said.

Picture one depicts a person battling with their own shadow.

This may reflect the conflict between people and their emotions.

The shadow could represent sadness or anxiety.

Picture two depicts the suffragettes.

So picture two depicts the power imbalances between men and women.

The suffragettes campaigned for more equality between men and women.

Picture number three depicts money.

So picture three may depict the power imbalance between those with wealth and those in poverty.

Well done if you've got those right.

Thinking about these specific examples of power and conflict is going to be very valuable when we begin to read the power and conflict poems from the anthology.

I now want you to sort the nouns below into power, conflict, or both.

Discuss with your partner why you placed each word where you did.

So here are your words.

You have to place each word into the Venn diagram.

Place the words into the left if you think they represent power.

And place the words onto the right if you think they represent conflict.

Any you think represent both you put in the middle of the Venn diagram.

I then want you to discuss why you placed each word where you did.

Pause video and start that task now.

Let's go through some possible answers.

Dominance could reflect power because someone that is dominant usually has more power over someone else.

War.

War could represent conflict because as we know there are two opposing sides in a war.

Prestige could represent power because those with prestige usually have more power and authority in society.

Rivalry represents conflict because rivalry is about two opposing parties perhaps in a conflict or argument.

Sovereignty could represent power.

Countries with sovereignty have power over themselves and potentially other countries.

Discord could represent conflict.

Those in discord are usually having a disagreement.

Command could represent power because if you command someone, you usually have power over them.

I've put hostility in the middle because hostility is an unfriendly relation between two parties or people.

And in that sense it could represent conflict, but hostility can also represent power because often if one side has more power than another, that could breed hostility.

And imbalance, we could talk about an imbalance in terms of a power imbalance where one side has more power than the other, but that also represents a conflict because power imbalances are usually not fair, therefore leading to some sort of discord or disagreement.

Well done if you said any of that.

In fact, a lot of these ideas have the potential to overlap.

So you may have got more words in the middle than I have.

It's actually really interesting that a lot of these words overlap because it allows us to conduct a rich and complex exploration of the poems in the anthology because their themes might cross over to the power and conflict.

Let's move on to our second learning cycle where we'll look at historic and modern examples of power and conflict.

Let's go deeper first into the concept of power.

Very often power can raise awareness of issues in society.

So a lot of poems focus on the abuse of power in society because it's generally agreed that the abuse of power is a really big issue in our society.

I now want you to think with your partner, in what ways can power be abused? Pause the video and have a think.

Let's have a look at all the ways in which power could be abused.

Firstly, power could be abused by a tyrannical leadership.

If a leader is a tyrant, if a leader is a cruel leader, that means they're abusing their power.

They're not using their power for good, they're not using their power to protect the citizens below them.

Humans taking advantage over the environment could be seen as an abuse of power because humans could be said to have a responsibility to look after the environment.

They have the power to take care of it, and if they don't, if they pollute the earth, they are abusing that power that they have.

Exploitation is another example of abuse of power.

In an organisation, if a boss takes advantage of an employee and pays them less in order to profit from their work, they are not fulfilling their duty as an employer and therefore they are abusing their power.

And lastly, discrimination led by those entrusted or powerful positions is another example of abuse of power.

This is because again, people in powerful positions ought to use their power and authority to create fair workplaces or environments.

And if they use their position of power and authority to perpetuate negative stereotypes or discrimination, they could also be said to be abusing their power.

Well done if you said any of that or thought of your own examples.

Let's now go deeper into the concept of conflict.

Conflict can be physical and mental, and it also can occur between people or it can occur between things and ideas.

We often think of conflict as a war or a disagreement, but someone could have conflict within themselves and concepts could also be in conflict.

How many different types of conflict can you think of? Pause the video and discuss that now.

Let's go through some examples of conflict.

Conflicts could be seen in personal versus national duty.

If someone is given commands at war that conflicts with their personal morals or values, they may be in conflict.

War or violence is a type of physical conflict.

We also have the notion of psychological conflict.

Psychological conflict could involve guilt, anger, or fear as someone is battling with their own emotions.

Tradition versus progress is another type of conflict.

More old fashioned values or beliefs may be in conflict with progressive beliefs, and that may be seen through how different generations have different beliefs and values.

We also see conflicts between people with power and those with less.

Power imbalances, as we've mentioned already, are perceived as very unfair in society, and that can cause uproar, dissent, or revolution, which are all types of conflict.

And the past and present can also be in conflict.

Well done if you said any of those.

I now want you to match each type of conflict with an example.

You have three types of conflict on the left, and you have three examples on the right.

The first type of conflict you need to find the example for is conflict between past and present.

The next is conflict between national versus personal duty.

And the last type of conflict you need to find an example for is psychological conflict or conflict of the conscience.

Pause the video and match the types of conflicts with each example.

Conflicts between the past and present may be shown when someone has a traumatic memory.

This is because traumatic memories usually creep into the present moment and make someone feel as if they're vulnerable in the present moment, even if they're not.

And that causes a conflict between someone's past and someone's present.

Now, conflict between national versus personal duty.

That may be shown by someone having to follow orders at war that conflict with their role as a father.

And lastly, psychological conflict could be seen by someone having difficulty choosing between doing the right or wrong thing.

We could also call that moral conflict.

Well done if you've got those right.

I now want you to complete the table with examples of historical and modern examples of power and conflict.

Some of them have been done for you.

So for example, a historical example of conflict is World War I and II.

And a modern example of power is the power of technology because we live in a very advanced technological world where computers have become very, very powerful and intelligent.

So find historical and modern examples of power and conflict and add them to the grid and then explain why it is important for poets to write about historical and modern examples of power and conflict.

Pause the video and start that task now.

Let's go through some possible ideas.

So for historical examples of power, we may talk about colonisation because colonisation involved countries taking power over other countries.

The suffragette movement is also a historical example of power where women advocated to have more power.

The civil rights movement is also an example of power where we saw people campaign for an end to racial segregation.

Modern examples of power include the power of technology, the power of protest, and power imbalances across the world that still exist today.

Let's unpick the power of protest.

The power of protest depicts how citizens can use their voice for good and create change in society.

Now let's look at historical examples of conflict.

We've already said World War I and II is a historical example of conflict.

We also can put other historical wars in that category such as the Cold War and the Vietnam War.

We also can put religion versus science in the historical conflict box because in the latter half of the 19th century, Charles Darwin's ideas on evolution evoked debate about religion versus science.

Now, modern examples of conflict include ongoing war.

So war that still exist today, battling with mental health.

We've seen the percentage of mental health disorders increase in our modern society, which means a lot of people are battling with their emotions.

We also see conflict between the environment and humans.

This is shown by how a lot of human activities in our modern world pollute and damage the environment.

So quite often we see the environment being in conflict with humans because human selfish activities are not harmonious with the wellbeing of the environment.

Well done if you said any of that and also if you included any of your own examples.

Now let's move on to the question about why it's important for poets to write about some of these issues.

It may be important for poets to write about historical examples of conflict to ensure that these events do not happen again.

Also, writing about both historical and modern examples of power and conflicts can help us empathise with those that are suffering or oppressed.

So in many of the poems that we'll study throughout our anthology, we'll see poets advocating for more even distribution of power, but also see them lamenting on types of historical conflict in which they hope will never happen again.

Let's go through what we've learned today.

We've been able to identify and explore modern and historic ideas about power and conflicts.

We've explored how power might entail tyranny, hierarchy, tradition, progress, dominance or force.

And we've explored how conflict might include war, tradition versus progress, man versus nature, psychological conflict, moral conflict and personal versus national duty.

I hope that this lesson has allowed you to get a bit more familiar with types of power and conflict, especially the types of power and conflict that you may not have considered before.

Looking at types of power and conflict is going to be really, really helpful in our study of the power and conflict anthology because it will allow us to ground all our poems to big ideas.

Thank you for joining me in today's lesson.

I really enjoyed it, and I hope to see you in another one very soon.