Hello everyone, it's lovely to see you here today.

My name's Dr.

Clayton and I'm here to guide you through your learning journey today.

The lesson's called, "Exploring Lady Capulet and the Nurse's Views on Marriage," in Act 1, Scene 3.

We're going to look at what the views of these two characters might reveal to us about how marriage and love were viewed by Elizabethan women.

So if you're ready, grab your pen, laptop, whatever you use for this lesson and let's get started.

So by the end of the lesson you'll be able to explain how Shakespeare presents the Nurse and Lady Capulet's views on marriage in Act 1, Scene 3 of "Romeo and Juliet." So we have five words today we're going to be using as our keywords.

They'll be identified in bold throughout the learning material and I'll try to monitor as well to see them being used in context.

So our first keyword is patriarchal, which means relating to or denoting a system of society or government controlled by men.

This is a key aspect of our lesson today because Elizabethan society was patriarchal, it was controlled by men.

Our second keyword is bawdiness, which means the quality of involving funny remarks about sex.

This is going to be a key aspect of thinking about the Nurse and how Shakespeare presents a character.

Our third keyword is obedient, which means doing or willing to do what you've been told to by someone in authority.

We're going to be talking about how women are expected to be obedient within a patriarchal society.

Our fourth keyword is conform, which means to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour that are expected by a group or society.

We're going to be thinking about how Lady Capulet and the Nurse's views on marriage might conform to standards of behaviour that are expected of women.

Our final keyword is intertwined, which means closely connected so as to be difficult to separate.

We're going to be thinking about what concepts are closely connected to women and the idea of marriage.

So, I'll just give you a moment to write down those keywords and their definitions.

So pause the video, write them down now.

Fantastic.

Let's get started with the lesson.

So we have three learning cycles in our lesson today.

For our first learning cycle, we're going to spend a bit of time contextualising what a patriarchal society meant for women.

For our second learning cycle, we're going to think about how Shakespeare represents the characters of Lady Capulet and the Nurse, and explore what their views on marriage are and how they relate to the expectations of a patriarchal society.

Finally, for our third learning cycle, we're going to explore Juliet's response to Lady Capulet and the Nurse and what that might suggest about her initial feelings about love, before she meets Romeo.

So as I said, we're going to start off by contextualising what a patriarchal society meant for women and marriage.

Now "Romeo and Juliet" was published in 1597.

Despite Queen Elizabeth I being on the throne, England was a patriarchal society, a society controlled by men.

Now, for women and marriage, this meant that legally, girls could marry as young as 12 with their parents' consent.

A girl's father had a large degree of control over who she married.

Once married, the husband became the wife's legal guardian.

Now, sermons and books were written during the Elizabethan era.

They encouraged women to be silent and obedient to male authority, whether that be their father or their husband.

Now, I really don't want you to come away from this thinking that women were enslaved by men in Elizabethan times or the absolutely no women had power.

There were some women who had money, influence and power, but they were the exception to the rule, rather than the majority.

So now for a quick check for understanding.

So which of the following is true of patriarchal society and marriage in the Elizabethan era? A, girls had to be at least 16 before they could be married.

B, women and men were legally equal partners in marriage or C, typically a girl's father exerted a large amount of influence over her choice of husband.

So pause the video, make your selection now.

Welcome back everyone.

Now girls as young as 12 could be married in Elizabethan times and legally men had more power than women.

So the correct answer is C.

Typically a girl's father exerted a large amount of influence over her choice of husband.

So very well done if you got that right.

Fantastic work everyone.

We're now at the first task of the lesson.

So what I'd like you to do is think about the following information.

So in Act 1, Scene 2, Lord Capulet discusses the possibility of Juliet's marriage to Count Paris.

In Act 1, Scene 3, Lady Capulet raises the subject of marriage to Count Paris with Juliet.

What I'd like you to do is discuss what predictions can you make about what Lady Capulet will say to Juliet, based on the contextual information.

So how would living in a patriarchal society influence what Lady Capulet might say? So pause the video, have your discussions now.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

What I'd like you to do now is think about Izzy's ideas and think about how well they align with your ideas.

So Izzy said, "I think that Lady Capulet will try to advise Juliet to try to like Count Paris, since I imagine that she's aware that ultimately, if Lord Capulet decides that Juliet should marry Paris, Juliet will have little choice in the matter.

So Lady Capulet would most likely try to make it seem like an attractive prospect." So, pause the video, think about how well Izzy's ideas align with your ideas.

Welcome back everyone.

Now we're going to move on to the second learning cycle, where we're going to explore what Lady Capulet and the Nurse say to Juliet on the subject of marriage.

Amazing work everyone.

Well, now it's the second learning cycle, where we're going to explore how Shakespeare introduced Lady Capulet and the Nurse to us and what that might reveal about their characters, as well as how they present the idea of marriage to Juliet and how that relates to the expectations of a patriarchal society.

So, let's begin by thinking about the characters of Lady Capulet and the Nurse.

We're first introduced to the Nurse, so Juliet's nurse, and Lady Capulet, Juliet's mother, in Act 1, Scene 3.

Now I think looking at the first line of characters is really important, because it really demonstrates how Shakespeare wants the audience to understand the characters.

So Lady Capulet exclaims, "Nurse, where's my daughter? Call her forth to me." And the Nurse responds, "Now, by my maidenhead," so, by my virginity, "at 12 year old, I bade her come." So, what I'd like to think about is what do these opening lines tell us about the characters? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

Let's talk about some of the things you might have said.

So, Lady Capulet defers to the Nurse about her daughter.

It suggests she thinks the Nurse is more of an expert on Juliet than she is.

The fact that she's asking question about Juliet perhaps implies she's uncertain about Juliet.

They don't have a particularly close relationship.

In terms of the Nurse, the first thing we hear from her is a bawdy joke, a joke that plays on sexual humour.

So that could indicate to us perhaps she's going to be a character that brings a sense of comedy to the play.

Now, let's think specifically about the topic of marriage.

Now, immediately after mentioning marriage, Lady Capulet says, "Younger than you are made already mothers." The Nurse then follows Lady Capulet's speech by declaring, "No less? Nay, bigger.

Women grow so they become pregnant by men." So, motherhood appears at the beginning and the end of Lady Capulet's speech about marriage.

So what I'd like you to think about is what do you think the significance of this is? What might it suggest about women and marriage? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some fantastic ideas there.

Now as Aisha says, "I think it suggests that expectations of marriage and motherhood are intertwined." So the idea of marriage and motherhood are very closely connected.

Women were expected to bear children within their marriage.

So now for a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like you to do is tell me whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false that motherhood was not seen as an important part of marriage? Pause the video, make your selection now.

Welcome back everyone, the correct answer is false.

Now I'd like you to tell me why it's false.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Now you might have said that by mentioning motherhood at beginning and the end of the speech about marriage, Lady Capulet and the Nurse imply that the two concepts are closely intertwined.

So very well done if you've got this right.

So now let's take a closer look at the language used and what it might suggest about how women were perceived.

So when describing marriage, Lady Capulet used the metaphor of a book.

"This precious book of love, this unbound lover, to beautify him only lacks a cover." Here, Lady Capulet is saying that Juliet would act as a book cover to Paris's book.

What I'd like you to think about is what does this comparison of women to a cover imply about the role of women in marriage? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, with some great ideas there.

Let's talk through some of the things you might have said.

Now a book cover is designed to provide a visual that entices people to buy the book.

So you might think of this comparison as suggesting that women's value is in their appearance and how they make men look.

Furthermore, if women are mainly the cover, rather than the actual book itself, perhaps it implies that women do not have much power, as would be true in a patriarchal society.

So Lady Capulet extends the metaphor of a book by then saying, "That book in many eyes doth share the glory.

That in gold clasps locks in the golden story." Here, she suggests that men are the story where women are the cover.

So what I'd like to think about is what does the image of men being the story imply? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some fantastic ideas there.

Now as Alex says, "I think it suggests that men bring substance to a relationship and perhaps even hints at women's lack of value.

Women merely enhance the look of men without actually adding anything to their story." So now for a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like you to do is tell me whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false that Lady Capulet's metaphor of marriage as a book implies that women are valued for their looks? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, the correct answer is true.

Now I'd like you to tell me why it's true.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Now you might have said the image of women being a cover to their husband's story implies that women's value is how she looks and how she makes her husband look.

So very well done if you've got this right.

Fantastic work everyone.

And now to the second task of the lesson.

So what I'd like you to do is think about the following information.

So Lady Capulet and the Nurse suggest the importance of bearing children in marriage and Lady Capulet implies that women's value in a marriage is their looks.

And then I'd like to answer the question, to what extent do you think the Nurse and Lady Capulet's views on marriage conform to what we might expect in a patriarchal society? So remember, that conforms means to meet the expectations and patriarchal means a society controlled by men.

So to what extent do you think the Nurse and Lady Capulet's views on marriage meet the expectations of a society controlled by men? I'd like you to write a short answer explaining your ideas.

So pause the video and write your answer now.

Welcome back everyone, some amazing work there.

What I'd like you to do now is think about Sophia's answer and think about how well it aligns with your ideas.

So Sophia said, "I think Lady Capulet and the Nurse's views about marriage do conform to patriarchal expectations of a woman's role in marriage.

By beginning and ending the speech on marriage with ideas of motherhood, Lady Capulet and the Nurse imply that a woman's role is to be a mother.

Furthermore, the idea of men being seen as more important in a patriarchal society is implied in Lady Capulet's metaphor of a woman being a `cover' to her husband's story.

It suggests that a woman's value is in their looks and how they enhance their husband's appearance, while the husband brings substance to the relationship." So, pause the video, think about how well Sophia's ideas align with your ideas.

Welcome back everyone.

Now I think that thinking about how Lady Capulet and the Nurse present marriage to Juliet is so important because they are the most important female figures in her life.

Their views on marriage are likely to influence how she sees the world.

And how she sees her role in a relationship.

So, now we're going to move on to the third learning cycle.

We're going to look at Juliet's response.

Fantastic work, everyone.

Now in the third learning cycle, we're going to look at Juliet's response to what Lady Capulet and the Nurse are telling her and what it might suggest to us about how she sees love.

Now, as I said earlier, I think looking at the first lines of a character is so important.

It reveals how Shakespeare wants us to see the character.

So our first introduction to Juliet is in Act 1, Scene 3.

As with Romeo, Juliet's first lines are questions.

"How now, who calls?" "Madam, I am here.

What is your will?" So what I'd like you to think about is what might opening with questioning language reveal about Juliet? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

Let's take a look at some of the things you might have said.

So perhaps Juliet's questions suggest she's uncertain of her place, because a woman's place in patriarchal society is unstable.

Women are tied the fortune of their family and their husband.

Perhaps it also might suggest she's waiting for someone else to tell her what to do.

And this links the concept of men being in control in a patriarchal society.

The idea that women are supposed to listen to commands, rather than give them.

I also think it's amazing, the fact that Romeo's first two lines in the play are also questions.

It suggests that maybe Romeo and Juliet are both uncertain of their place in the world.

They're just waiting to find each other for the world to finally make sense.

So, now let's think about how Juliet responds to the idea of marriage.

So Juliet says, "It's an honour I dream not of." So, what I'd like you to think about is what does this suggest about how Juliet feels about marriage? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

As Laura says, "Calling it an `honour' implies positive connotations, but Juliet suggests she has not thought of marriage.

She doesn't desire to be married." So now for a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like you to do is tell me whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false that Juliet seems excited by the prospect of marriage? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, the correct answer is false.

Now I'd like you to tell me why it's false.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, and you might have said that while "honour" implies positive connotations, Juliet does not dream of marriage, which implies she doesn't seem excited by the prospect of it.

So very well done if you've got this right.

So, now let's think about how Shakespeare presents Juliet's feelings about Paris.

In response to the notion of marrying Paris, Juliet says, "I'll look to like, if looking liking move." Here, `move' means ideas of being persuaded.

So Juliet is suggesting she'll look at Paris and see if that persuades her to want to marry him.

So, what I'd like you to think about is what does this suggest to us about Juliet and her ideas of love and marriage? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some amazing ideas there.

As Lucas says, "I think Juliet's considering how much physical appearance affects feelings of love.

She says that if she likes the look of Paris, she'll like him, but immediately qualifies that by saying if it's possible to love or even like him at first sight." So she's suggesting she's not sure if love at first sight exists.

So, Juliet then follows this by proclaiming, "But no more deep will I endart mine eye.

Than your consent gives strength to make it fly." Here, Juliet is saying she'll only look as far as her mother or father give her permission to look.

So what I'd like you to think about is what does this suggest about Juliet and ideas of love and marriage? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some amazing ideas there.

As Alex says, "I think she's suggesting she will be obedient to her parents and their ideas for her marriage.

She'll only like Paris as much as their parents want her to, and that could suggest she conforms to patriarchal expectations of women and marriage." So, now for a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like you to do is tell me which interpretation of, "I'll look to like, if looking liking move," do you think is the most effective.

So we have A, saying she'll "look to like," implies that Juliet considers physical appearance as the most important part of love, or B, here, Juliet's perhaps considering the possibility of love at first sight and wondering if it exists.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, the correct answer is B.

Here, Juliet's perhaps considering the possibility of love at first sight, and wondering if it exists.

Now, I'd like you to tell me why B is the most effective.

Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Now you might have said the conditional `if' suggests she's considering the possibility of how much you can like someone based on how they look alone.

Fantastic work everyone.

Now in the final task of the lesson.

Now in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet," Romeo's often said to be in love with the idea of love.

I want us to think about whether or not we think that applies to Juliet.

So I'd like to think about the following ideas.

Juliet says she does not dream of marriage.

Juliet questions whether love at first sight is possible, but still within the framework of marriage.

Juliet appears to say she'll be obedient to her parent's desires for her marriage.

Then I'd like to discuss whether or not you think Juliet also seems to be in love with the idea of love.

Why or why not? Pause the video, take a few minutes to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some great work there.

Now, what I'd like you to do is reflect on your discussions.

Did you consider the following ideas? That Juliet not dreaming of marriage implies it's not something she thinks of often.

Juliet questioning the concept of love at first sight implies she isn't caught up in the concept of romance and love.

Juliet's suggestion of obedience to her parents suggests she seems more practical than romantic in terms of the idea of love.

So, pause the video, reflect on those ideas.

Welcome back everyone.

Now I think looking at how Juliet perceives love before she meets Romeo is so important.

It helps to understand how Romeo changes her worldview.

Now, Shakespeare perhaps wants us to see their love as life changing.

You all did amazingly well today, everyone.

Here's a summary of what we covered.

"Romeo and Juliet" was written when society was patriarchal, men were in control.

Women would've been expected to obey their parents' wishes in terms of their marriage.

Lady Capulet and the Nurse suggest that motherhood is an expected part of marriage.

Lady Capulet's metaphor of women as a cover suggests that women's role in marriage is limited to outward appearance.

Juliet appears to suggest she'll be obedient to her parents' wishes in terms of her marriage.

I really hope you enjoyed the lesson everyone.

I hope to see you for another lesson soon.

Goodbye.