Hello, welcome to today's lesson.

Thank you so much for joining me.

It's an absolute pleasure to have you all here.

My name is Miss Halladay, and I'll be your teacher for today.

We're gonna be doing a lot of discussion tasks today, so I'm really looking forward to hearing all your ideas and suggestions.

So let's get started.

Today's lesson is called "Scrooge's Childhood and Fezziwig.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to understand why Dickens chooses to show us different events from Scrooge's past and what the significant of these events are.

So let's get started.

Here are some key words that you'll need for today's learning.

We've got injustice, resentful, reminiscent, benevolent, and transformative.

I'm going to put the keyword definitions on screen.

So if you'd like to take the time to pause the video and digest these in your own time, please feel free to do so.

And here's our lesson outlined for today.

We're going to start by looking at Scrooge's childhood isolation, and then we're going to move on to looking at Fezziwig's benevolence.

So let's start with Scrooge's childhood isolation.

We're going to start today's lesson by examining Dickens' attitudes and perspectives towards childhood.

What I've done is I've put a quote by Charles Dickens on screen that I feel perfectly encapsulates his attitude and his mindset towards childhood and the impact that an adult life.

So here it is, "In the little world in which children have their existence, whosoever brings them up, there is nothing so finely perceived and so finely felt, as injustice." Now, using this quotation and your own knowledge about Charles Dickens, I would like you to discuss the following three questions.

Firstly, what do we already know about Dickens' childhood? What can you remember? Secondly, what do you think Dickens' attitudes towards childhood might have been? And thirdly, do you think that wicked people are born wicked? Some really interesting questions there for discussion.

So I'm going to invite you to pause the video for a few moments while you have those conversations and before we share our ideas together.

Fantastic discussions.

Charles Dickens believed that childhood was a vital time in a person's life because he felt that a person's experiences in childhood would directly affect their outlook and character in later life.

As a child, we know that Dickens himself observed injustice and felt it keenly, okay, because he was brought up in quite an impoverished family, and his father was sent to prison for being in debt when Dickens was just 12.

And at that age, Dickens had to go and find a job in a local factory to support his family, okay? And they were not regarded with the most empathy and kindness by others.

So as a very young child, we know that Dickens keenly experienced those feelings of injustice, and he understood that the kind of long-term impact of childhood trauma on adulthood.

We also know that one of Dickens' greatest fears for society, was that a lot of children were being treated unjustly, okay? And he was really concerned about the long-term impact of that on society, because as we know, he believed that children who face injustice in their early age will grow up to become very resentful or immoral adults.

So Dickens' real concern for society was that all these children who would grow up in poor families who observed the discrimination and prejudice that the wealthier members of Victorian society, you know, were kind of demonstrating towards the poor, would have a really long lasting impact upon the children, and that they would grow up to resent the society that they were part of and turn against it and become wicked and immoral.

I'd like you to use the points above and your previous discussions to consider, well, why do you think that Dickens showed a Scrooge's childhood then? So again, I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you have a think about that with the people around you.

Some fantastic ideas being floated around there.

And well done if you pointed out that actually Dickens shows a Scrooge's childhood because he's directly trying to illustrate the profound impact that this childhood does have on our adult lives.

And we very much see that with Scrooge and actually Scrooge's childhood and the impact that it had on his adult life is something that we're going to examine in a lot more detail in today's lesson.

But first, let's check your understanding.

What did Dickens believe about childhood? Was it A, that experiencing this in childhood might make the child a resentful adult? Was it B, that it didn't have an impact upon an adult's life? That C, children needed to support their families in the workhouses? Or was it D, that it had a profound impact upon an adult's life? So I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you jot down the answers that you think are correct.

And well done if you identify that it is in fact, A and D.

Dickens believed firmly that any injustice experienced in childhood would traumatise a child and make them become a resentful adult and turn their back on the society that raised them.

He also believe that childhood have had a profound impact upon an adult's life, and this is something that we see in the character of Scrooge.

So I'd like you to discuss based on what you can remember from when you read the text, in what way could we consider Scrooge an isolated child? So in what ways was Scrooge isolated as a young boy? So again, I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you do that little bit of a recap for me.

Well done some fantastic discussions, and I can see that many of you remember the text really well.

So here's some of the things that you could have said and that I actually heard a lot of you say.

First of all, that Scrooge was neglected by his friends at boarding school, which would've made him a very isolated and lonely child.

We also know that Scrooge's father was really harsh to Scrooge, and he often left him at boarding school during the school holidays when all the other boys had gone home.

Again, I think that's very sad, and it would've meant that Scrooge spent a lot of time on his own and that he probably felt quite rejected by his family.

So that would've made him an isolated child as well.

And finally, we know that Scrooge was really lonely as a child for the reasons mentioned above, but he actually turned to books as a form of escapism.

So Scrooge actually lived a childhood of great isolation and loneliness, and that's really sad for us.

So what I'd like you to do now is based on what we've just said about Scrooge being an isolated child and the reasons as to why we could call him an isolated child.

I'd like you to discuss, well, what impact do you think that all of these experiences had on Scrooge? And therefore, what do you think his attitude towards other people might have been? So again, I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you have those discussions and share your ideas.

Some great conversations there.

And I can see that some of you are already starting to make connections to Scrooge's adult life.

Here's some of the things that you might have said.

You might have said that these experiences may have given Scrooge a dim view of family and taught him that he could only rely on himself.

If you remember, we know his father left him at boarding school and that could, that must have been really difficult for him to handle as a young boy feeling lonely and feeling different from the other students who were then taken home by their families.

You also might have pointed out that actually these experiences might have made a very young scrooge, quite mistrustful of other people and perhaps taught him to become.

He does spend a lot of time in isolation as an adult as well.

And this might be because he had no choice as a child, but to learn to enjoy his own company through reading, et cetera, and other hobbies.

And what I'd like you to do now is discuss where can we see these attitudes or beliefs in Scrooge's later adult life.

So where can we see the direct impact of Scrooge's childhood and the attitudes that he formed as a young boy on his adult life? And I'm going to encourage you to pause the video again for a few moments just while you have those conversations.

Well done.

There were some really insightful suggestions being shared there.

So here's how Scrooge's childhood isolation might have manifested itself in Scrooge's adult life.

And what I've done is I've put it in a grid for you so you can see the direct cause and the effect of his isolation and attitudes.

So on the left hand side, we have Scrooge's childhood experiences and attitudes.

And then on the right hand side, we're going to examine how that might manifest itself in his adult life from what we've seen of him in Stave one.

So his Scrooge's first childhood experience was that he was sent to boarding school and he was often not allowed to return during the holidays.

This may have taught him not to value family very highly, and it might have taught him that he can't rely on his family or that family perhaps isn't that important.

Now, in terms of where we see this attitude reflected in Scrooge, in Stave one, it's in his treatment of Fred predominantly.

When Fred invites him to Christmas, Scrooge refuses that invite, and he's actually really rude to Fred, okay? He doesn't share a close relationship with Fred.

And that is indicated because Dickens refers to Fred as Scrooge's nephew.

The fact Scrooge doesn't refer to his nephew by his name shows that they are not close and they do not have a close familial bond.

Okay? And that's a real shame.

But here we can see the direct link between the way that Scrooge's own father treated him and the way that Scrooge treats Fred in stave one.

So we also know, as I've just mentioned, that Scrooge's father, aside from leaving him at boarding school in the holidays, was also just quite severe, firm, and harsh to his children, okay? And little fan when she picks Scrooge up from boarding school, actually makes a comment about father not being as harsh as he used to be.

Okay? So we can infer from that, that Scrooge and his father didn't have the best relationship, okay? So again, this probably taught him not to value family and it probably didn't teach him kindness or compassion.

Now, in terms of why we see that manifest itself in Scrooge's adult life, well, we know that Scrooge is very harsh and dismissive anyway, but he's especially harsh and dismissive of Fred's joy, okay? Even though Fred is his only remaining family and he condemns Fred for celebrating Christmas and shouts at him and says, "You're poor enough." Okay so again, here we can see that young Scrooge was perhaps taught to be harsh to his immediate family and that this is a behaviour that he's repeating in his adult life.

We also know that Scrooge's friends neglected him quite severely especially when he was at boarding school and he's learned not to value social bonds.

He's perhaps learned to be mistrustful of communities and groups of people, and he's learned to become a bit of a lone wolf.

And obviously that manifests itself in his adult life because he avoids other people and warned all human sympathy to keep its distance, showing that he really doesn't value interactions with others or community.

And finally, we've mentioned already a little bit this idea that Scrooge lives in isolation, but this was sort of learned behaviour.

Perhaps this was not the way that Scrooge was naturally inclined, but this was taught to him through others' cruelty and neglect.

So as a young boy, Scrooge learned to prefer isolation to the company of others.

And we see that really clearly in his adult life because his hobbies are solo hobbies.

He reads to himself, he takes dinner on his own in his melancholy tavern.

And again, we see him using that reading as a form of escapism again.

So again, here we see screws living a very isolated and lonely existence, and that is as a result of his lonely childhood.

So it's quite sad really, but it does give us a really crucial glimpse into how Scrooge has ended up as this really miserly, wicked, and isolated character.

So it's important that we see this.

So let's go back to the text and have a look at where we see this in the text then.

So I'm going to ask you to read the extract below.

I will read it to you, and if you could follow along, that would be fantastic.

So we've got, "They went, the Ghost and Scrooge across the hall to a door at the back of the house.

It opened before them and disclosed a long, bare, melancholy room, made barer still by lines of plain deal forms and desks.

At one of these a lonely boy was reading near a feeble fire; Scrooge sat down upon a form and wept to see his poor forgotten self as he used to be." I'd like you to have some quick discussions.

First of all, how is sympathy created for Scrooge here? And secondly, where do we see elements of this setting reflected in Scrooge's environments in adulthood? So are there any similarities between this setting and some of the settings we see in Stave one? And finally, why does seeing his younger self make Scrooge cry? So I'm going to invite you now to pause the video while you have those discussions and before we share some ideas together.

So first of all, you might have identified that actually in terms of creating sympathy for Scrooge Dickens does it really effectively, and he does it by using adjectives like poor and forgotten to create sympathy for scrooge.

Now, these are really emotive words, especially that word forgotten, okay? Because it almost implies that Scrooge isn't worth anything that he's not worth remembering, and that's perhaps how he felt left at boarding school all those times.

Also, Dickens' use of adjectives are actually reminiscent of how a child might describe their situation.

We know that Dickens is a master of vocabulary, and yet here he chooses to opt for quite simplistic words like lonely and poor and forgotten, okay? He doesn't use the more complicated forms of these words like isolated or alienated.

And I think that's because he wants us to experience the scene through a child's eyes, okay? Because that creates maximum pity.

So we're almost experiencing this scene as if we are a young child and seeing how a child might perceive being left alone at boarding school and how they might describe that experience to somebody else.

And as I said, that creates maximum pity.

'Cause we can really empathise with a lonely young child more than we can empathise with an isolated adult in terms of where we see Scrooge's environments as a child reflected in his adult environments.

This description is actually very reminiscent of Scrooge's lodgings, okay? Because we see this kind of bear setting in his home, okay? He doesn't furnish his home very much to his old and quite plain, and that is exactly what he's clearly used to because he spent a lot of time in these kinds of environments as a child, okay? This boarding school is long bare, and actually the setting itself reflects Scrooge's life because Scrooge's life is bare of human interaction and it's also quite melancholy because he's isolated and miserable.

Again you know, fires are a recurring motif throughout "Christmas Carol," and they often represent generosity.

So the larger the fire, the more generous the character is.

And here Scrooge is reading near this feeble fire.

And that might suggest other people's lack of generosity towards Scrooge when he was a child, as he was neglected severely by his friends, and also it seems his family.

Okay? And this feeble fire is reminiscent of the fire that we see in Scrooge's counting house and his own lodgings.

And actually perhaps he's learned this lack of generosity and he is learned to live meagre lifestyle.

It's not necessarily out of choice, but actually because he's been surrounded by dismal environments his whole life ever since he was a child, he's actually become accustomed to living like this.

And that's reflected in his adult life.

We also see Scrooge crying at the memory of being lonely, okay? So that's how seeing his former self makes him feel.

Clearly these were very significantly painful moments for Scrooge.

And this is where Dickens really makes us feel sorry for him because we can see here that perhaps Scrooge didn't even choose this lifestyle.

Perhaps he was just given it because of the way that he was treated as a young boy.

Now seeing all these scenes make Scrooge upset and he actually cries at the memory of being so lonely.

And it's clear that these memories were very, very painful and somewhat traumatic for young Scrooge.

And I think it's also quite sad for us to see, because in this moment we truly realise that Scrooge is actually just a product of his childhood and a product of the environments that he was put in as a child.

So it's very, very sad to actually realise that this behaviour is learned.

It's not as if you know Scrooge is just a bad, evil, and wicked character.

Actually, what Dickens is suggesting is that wicked people are made.

You know, Scrooge has been made into this resentful and spiteful adult because of his childhood and this kind of epitomises Dickens concerns about society, okay? Dickens is saying, "You know what? If you treat a child unjustly, they will turn their back on society and they will start to resent other people." And here we really see that through the character of Scrooge, we see that he's a product of other people's treatment of him as a child.

So it's a very, very sad moment for us as a reader here, as much as it is for Scrooge.

So for our first task of the lesson, I would like you to complete the following sentences.

We've got "Scrooge's childhood isolation affected his adult life because.

." And you're going to give me a reason.

And then we've got, "In showing us Scrooge's isolated childhood, Dickens is trying to.

." Pause the video.

Now while you have a go at completing those two sentences, try and give as much detail as possible and encompass as much of the learning as you possibly can.

So pause the video and go at this activity, A massive well done, some really, really good responses there that I've seen.

So here's some of the things that you might have written.

You might have said, "Scrooge's childhood isolation affected his adult life, because we see that as a young boy, Scrooge was either neglected or abandoned by every significant person in his life.

Scrooge's father left him at boarding school during the holidays, Scrooge's friends made him a solitary child because they ignored him.

And Scrooge's sister, the person he seemed to love most as a child, died as a young adult, which Scrooge may have viewed as yet another abandonment." You may also have written, "In showing a Scrooge's isolated childhood.

Dickens is trying to create sympathy for young Scrooge and illustrate the profound impact a person's childhood has on their adult life.

Perhaps to show how important kindness and empathy are to society's functioning.

If we treat children poorly, they grow up to be resentful and spiteful adults." So well done if you've got anything like these two responses.

So onto the second half of the lesson where we're going to start looking at another aspect of Scrooge's past, and that is his relationship with his past employer Fezziwig.

So ha, let's have a look at Fezziwig's benevolence.

I'd like you to discuss first, what is Scrooge like as an employer? So as an example, you might say that Scrooge as an employer is very miserly with pay.

So what I'm going to do now is ask you to pause the video while you jot down some more ideas as to what Scrooge is like as an employer and how he treats his employee, Bob Cratchit.

Some really great ideas there, and I'm going to share some of my favourites with you.

So it's this idea that Scrooge is unwilling to give holiday time.

We also know that Bob's working conditions are not great, okay? He's confined to a "Dismal little cell with a very feeble fire." We know that Scrooge is selfish with his profits and hogs them all because he's a miser.

And we also know that he treats his employee harshly, okay? He's rude to Bob and he doesn't value the time and work that he puts into helping him.

So what I'd like you to do now is think, okay, so we know what Scrooge is like as an employer, but what would somebody who is the opposite of Scrooge be like as an employer? So I'm going to encourage you to pause the video while you have a go looking at the opposite of Scrooge as an employer.

Some fantastic ideas.

I love how creative you've all got with this activity.

So first of all, somebody who is the opposite of Scrooge as an employer would be really generous with their pay, okay? They might give bonuses, they might hand out extra cash at events like Christmas, but either way, we know they'd be quite generous with pay, and they'd be fair.

We also assume that they would be quite generous with holiday time, that they wouldn't stop people from requesting holiday.

We know that their working conditions would be much fairer and that they'd be more charitable with the profits.

So they might accept their responsibility as part of a community and donate their profits to a deserving charity.

So we also assume that this company or this person might treat their employees a little bit more fairly and more affectionately than Scrooge does with Bob.

Perhaps thanking them for their time, you know, telling them they're doing a good job, that kind of thing.

So well done if you've got any of those ideas.

And actually what's really interesting is that the list on the right hand side actually describes what Fezziwig is like as an employer, okay? And Dickens establishes Fezziwig as a direct contrast to Scrooge because he's a much more philanthropic employer versus Scrooge, who is a Misanthropic employer.

So Fezziwig and Scrooge are direct opposites in their management approach.

So we're going to have a look at how that is shown throughout the text.

So let's read little extract.

I'll read it and you follow along.

"Old Fezziwig, laid down his pen and looked up at the clock, which pointed to the hour of seven.

He rubbed his hands, adjusted his capacious waistcoat; laughed all over himself from his shoes to his organ of benevolence and called out in a comfortable, oily, rich, fat, jovial voice: 'Yo ho there! Ebenezer! Dick!" So what I'd like you to do next is discuss the following questions.

First of all, what impression do we get of Fezziwig here? What is the effect of Dickens' use of the verbs? So laughed out, called out, what do they tell us about Fezziwig? How is Fezziwig voice different from Scrooge? And finally, what does Fezziwig speech show us about him? Pause the video while you have a go at those questions.

Some fantastic discussions there.

And I heard a lot of people making this point that actually we see that Fezziwig is a really jolly and benevolent employer.

We also see that Dickens' use of verbs characterise Fezziwig as really jovial and generous, okay? His appearance is the complete opposite to Scrooges.

Whereas Scrooge was, everything was small and restrained and confined to suggest, you know, him being economic with his money and wealth.

Fezziwig is the total opposite.

He's described as everything is generous in size, everything is big, okay? He's got a capacious waistcoat that means like spacious and roomy, okay? He's rubbing his hands, his voice is described as fat, okay? So he is the complete opposite to Scrooge in every way, and that is to show his generosity and kindness.

Again, we've picked upon his voice a little bit already, but Fezziwig's voice is described as fat and rich to reflect his generosity, but also his enthusiasm for life because that's something that Scrooge really lacks.

Not only is Scrooge, you know, uncharitable, he's also really miserable and sceptical.

Whereas Fezziwig, he's got time for everybody.

He enjoys his life and he lives it to the maximum.

Okay? And that is completely the opposite with Scrooge, okay? He has a grating voice, He doesn't enjoy life, he's not a pleasant character to be around and everything Fezziwig says is much more merry and jolly as well, okay? His speech reveals that he knows his employees really well.

He calls 'em by their first names Ebenezer and Dick, okay? And the short informal language also shows his excitement, okay? He's real excited to be like, "Yo ho," that just shows that he oozes excitement and enthusiasm.

Again, the exclamation marks show us that he's excited to see his employees.

He really, really values them, not only as employees, but also his friends and colleagues and and somewhat family.

Again, let's look at another section of text here.

We've got, "Yo ho, my boys!" Said Fezziwig.

"No more work tonight.

Christmas Eve, Dick.

Christmas, Ebenezer.

Let's have the shutters up," cried old Fezziwig, with a sharp clap of his hands, "Before a man can say Jack Robinson!" So again, here I'd like you to discuss how does Fezziwig's attitude towards working at Christmas differ from Scrooges? And I'd like you to analyse how Dickens presents Fezziwig as joyful here.

So again, I'm gonna encourage you to pause the video while you gather your ideas together and before we share them as a group.

Again, some great ideas there.

And I really like this suggestion that actually the fact that Fezziwig refers to as employees as "My boys," shows that he views them as family, okay? So again, he doesn't treat his employees like slaves.

He treats them as equal to him or as family.

He also actually, ironically orders them not to work.

This also shows that he's really philanthropic and he's generous with holidays, okay? He's like, "Yeah, take your holiday early because you deserve it.

You've earned it." He also really values Christmas 'cause he can spend time with others and celebrate and be grateful for things.

Whereas Scrooge resents Christmas because he has to pay Bob for a day's work that he doesn't complete.

So again, here we see a complete contrast between these two characters as employers.

Again, Fezziwig's actions, his clap shows his excitement to begin celebrating.

And it also shows his enthusiasm for Christmas.

And again, we talked earlier about Dickens' use of exclamation marks, and we see them again here.

It shows his bright character.

He is an infectious character who lights up the room, okay? And his benevolence and positivity just oozes from him.

He's such a positive character and he contrasts with Scrooge so drastically.

Again, let's go to the text and we'll discuss some questions afterwards.

So we've got, "In came Mrs. Fezziwig, one vast substantial smile.

In came the three Miss Fezziwig's, beaming and lovable.

In came the six young followers whose hearts they broke.

In came all the young men and women employed in the business.

In came the housemaid with her cousin, the baker.

In came the cook with her brother's particular friend, the milkman.

In came the boy from over the way, who was suspected of not having board enough from his master." So again, I'd like you to reread this little snippet of text and discuss, well, what do you notice about the people who have been invited to Fezziwig's Christmas party? And what does this show us about Fezziwig as an employer? So I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you discuss those questions now.

Again, some great discussions, and you might have noticed that actually every single person that's part of the community has been invited to this party.

Fezziwig does not care about social status, okay? Or how closely related these people are to him.

He just wants everybody to come from the community and have a good time together.

And even Fezziwig's employees relatives are invited, okay? We've got the house made with her cousin, the Baker.

So even people that Fezziwig doesn't know personally are still invited to come and share in the merriment that he has put on.

And again, this shows us that actually community's really important to Fezziwig and that directly contrasts with Scrooge because Scrooge doesn't recognise the value of community, and it also allows Dickens to present Fezziwig as a really philanthropic character who spends his profits generously on other people.

And he's quite charitable with his time, but also his money because he throws this party for everybody else.

So let's check for understanding.

True or false, Fezziwig invites the whole community to his Christmas party because he likes to show his wealth off.

I'm gonna invite you to pause video while you consider your answer.

And well done if you identified correctly that it is in fact, false.

What I'd like you to do now is decide, well, why is it false? So I've put two justifications up on screen that I'd like you to read, and I'm going to give you a few moments to pause the video and decide which justification you think is the correct one.

And well done if you said B, you're absolutely right.

Fezziwig does not invite the community to his party because he wants to show his wealth off, but he invites them because actually he's really generous and he understands his responsibility as an employer to provide and give back to his community.

So here's the last task of our lesson today.

I've given you an extract that I'd like you to read, and then on the following slide, there are some questions that I would like you to answer.

So I will read you the extract and then we'll get onto the questions.

"He has the power to render us happy or unhappy; to make our service light or burdensome, a pleasure or a toil.

Say that his power lies in words and looks; in things so slight and insignificant that it is impossible to add and count 'em up.

What then? The happiness he gives, is quite as great as if it cost a fortune.

He felt the spirit's glance and stopped.

'What is the matter?' Asked the ghost.

'Nothing particular.

' Said Scrooge.

'Something, I think? The ghost insisted.

'No,' said Scrooge, 'No, I should like to be able to say a word or two to my clock just now.

That's all." Let's read these students' conversation.

So Aisha says, "Fezziwig is a really important character in the novella because through him, we realise that Dickens isn't condemning people who have money." And Andeep replies, "What do you mean Aisha? I thought that Dickens was trying to tell us that having lots of money like Scrooge makes you selfish." "No, I think that Dickens is saying that people who have money and choose not to use it to help others are selfish." "Ah, so that's why he makes Fezziwig such a likeable character, because he spends the money he has on supporting his community and bringing joy to those who most need it?" "Exactly.

And actually the spirit here mentions that it doesn't take much money to make other people happy, a moral member of society." "You're right.

Scrooge even states that, the 'Happiness he gives is quite as great as if it costs a fortune.

' Wait, so is Dick insane that people don't need to give money at all, just be kinder to others?" "Not quite, I think Dickens is saying that we should give to others by whatever means possible, whether that's through charity or kindness." So what I'd like you to do now is discuss, well, what message from Dickens does Fezziwig convey? And what is Dickens suggesting makes somebody a good person? So I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you have those conversations now.

So there were some fantastic discussions there, and I was blown away by how insightful and perceptive many of your suggestions were and how much you really understand what the message that Dickens is trying to convey.

So really well done.

So you might have said that actually, "Dickens isn't condemning people with money, he's actually showing them the influence that they have and their potential to make a difference." So I think that's really important to understand.

He's not condemning the wealthy.

Okay, so, "Through Fezziwig, Dickens illustrates the transformative power of money if it's used philanthropically and generously." Now, in terms of what Dickens believes makes somebody a good person, well, he's suggesting that viewing others is equal, being generous and kind to others by whatever means possible.

So not just about money.

And taking one's social responsibility or all qualities of a good person.

So Dickens is saying, "It doesn't matter if you don't have any money to give: you can give your time, you can give your patience, you can give your empathy, okay? And charity doesn't always mean just giving money.

Being a charitable person means giving whatever resources you have available to other people, like time, like energy, like patience, and all of these qualities in these ideas are exemplified through the character of Fezziwig.

Fezziwig embodies being charitable, okay? He literally embodies what Dickens views as a good and moral person.

So to summarise today's learning, Dickens shows us that Scrooge was isolated in every aspect of his life as a young child and sympathies created for young Scrooge.

Now we feel that sympathy so that we're able to understand his behaviour in Stave one.

Dickens believe that children who face injustice would grow up to become resentful adults just like Scrooge.

We also learned today that is the total opposite of Scrooge in every single way, except that they are both wealthy employers.

And while Scrooge is miserable and cruel, Fezziwig is a benevolent employer who spends his money philanthropically and therefore, through Fezziwig, Dickens illustrates the transformative power of money if used philanthropically and generously.

Thank you for coming to today's lesson.

I have absolutely loved teaching you, and I really look forward to seeing you next time.