Hello, my name's Ms. Keller and welcome to today's lesson.

I'm so glad you could join me.

In this session, we are going to be exploring the different types of conflict.

So by the end of today's lesson, we will be able to describe the similarities, and differences between different types of conflict.

So let's have a look at today's key words.

We have power, conflict, injustice, imbalance, and interpersonal.

So do pause the video at this point, and take a look at these definitions in a bit more detail because we're going to be encountering these words throughout the course of the lesson.

But before we get started, I would just like to draw your attention to that main one there that was in our lesson title, conflict.

So a disagreement or a struggle between opposing forces or individuals.

And as this lesson goes on, we're going to look at the different types of conflict that exist, but at its heart, each one of these different types of conflict evolves around a disagreement or a struggle, and this idea of an opposition.

So two opposing forces.

So do bear that in mind as we continue in today's lesson.

So how is today's lesson going to look? Well, we're going to start off with an introduction to conflict.

So we're going to explore the idea, the concept of conflict, and then when we've done that, we're going to have a look at some interpretations of conflicts in your anthology poems. So if you haven't already, do make sure to go and grab your copy of the conflict anthology.

So starting off then, our poetry anthology is entitled Conflict.

So we've got lots of images here that could represent conflict in some way, or could link the idea of conflict.

So my first challenge to you is this.

Have a look at each image and see if you can decide how you think it could link to the idea of conflict, thinking about what we were just talking about there, a disagreement or perhaps a struggle.

So pause the video while you take some time to think and discuss this.

Or if you're working on your own, just make some notes on your paper or in your exercise book, pause the video and when you're ready to feedback together, click play and we'll continue.

Okay, welcome back.

A really fantastic discussion there to start us off, I like the creative ways that people were interpreting some of these images.

So let's just have a look then at how these images could link to conflict.

So first of all, that top left image, we've got an image of war, which is probably the most obvious type of conflict that we think of when that word conflict is said to us.

The idea then of money, or wealth distribution can often be at the centre of conflict.

And what I mean by wealth distribution is within a society perhaps where that money falls, who has the money and who doesn't have the money.

And often that can cause a struggle between these two groups.

That third picture then, we've got this idea of inner conflict, conflicting emotions or psychological battles when we feel perhaps pulled in two different directions by a decision that we have to make or a decision that we have made.

And this idea that sometimes the conflict can exist within inside us and within our own minds.

Onto this picture of the camera then.

So this could link to the idea of freedoms of citizens.

And the reason why I chose to use a camera as an image there is because privacy, particularly with social media and modern technology and things like CCTV, this idea of freedom is something that is being called into conflict quite a few times.

It's a conflict that we have because a lot, for example, CCTV is something that keeps us safe, but we could also argue that it might be an invasion of our privacy.

So down at the bottom left then we have some women protesting.

They were known as the suffragettes, and they were a group that formed to protest for rights of women and particularly the right of women to vote.

So how could this link to conflict? Well, it links to this idea of campaigns perhaps for gender equality, but also campaigns for equality in lots of other different ways.

For example, the civil rights movement which was campaigning for a different type of equality.

So this idea of a social struggle perhaps with members of society struggling against the powers that be, the authoritarian powers.

This image in the middle then we've got this conflict against the environment, this human exploitation of the environment perhaps through pollution, through the choices that we make.

And then also the conflict on the flip side of how the environment almost fights back against that, the consequences that we experience from the environment because of this exploitation.

So for example, natural disasters that perhaps have been caused by our carbon footprint, and the damage that we are causing to the environment.

And that final picture then of the world itself.

So we've got this idea of world politics and sovereignty, which is a word that relates to where these borders lie, and the different countries and the different states and the different ways that these different states are run.

And that is quite a common way again, that we see conflict in the news between big states or different countries, different types of governments.

So looking at these issues, which do you think is the most important issue facing society? So take some time to discuss this amongst yourselves, and click play when you're ready to continue.

Okay, welcome back.

Some really quite fierce debates taking place there.

And that is understandable because these are all really big issues that face our society and face us as a world population.

So actually there isn't really a right answer to this question, they are all extremely important issues.

And given our personal beliefs and our attitudes and what we perhaps prioritise in our own lives, we might have chosen a different option here to other people.

So let's unpick the definition of conflict then.

So we have this definition from our keywords that we were discussing earlier, a disagreement or struggle between opposing forces or individuals.

So let's just break this definition down.

So first of all, we've got this idea of a disagreement or struggle, which has that implication that there's perhaps a spectrum that conflict can exist on 'cause it could go perhaps from just a disagreement, disharmony, just some unrest perhaps all the way to a violent clash.

So we have different levels of the intensity of this conflict.

And then we've got that word opposing, which means another word for contrasting.

So completely opposite perhaps in their ideas, or beliefs or attitudes.

So we'll always see these opposing views.

And then these last two words, forces or individuals.

So we get this idea here that conflict can be external or internal.

It could be between groups of people, or two different people, or it could be as we were discussing earlier, within someone within their own mind.

So conflicts generally arise from a perceived unfairness, or injustice, an imbalance of power, a period of trauma, transition, stress or suffering, or feelings of uncertainty or instability.

So one thing that a lot of conflicts have in common is this idea that they often arise out of, and negative occurrence of some sort, be that unfairness, injustice, this imbalance, or perhaps even an abuse of power.

Traumatic events, a period of transition where we go from one thing to another which could actually lead to those feelings of uncertainty or instability.

So that trigger is always really important because there's always usually a reason why a conflict has arisen.

So these are all great words to think about when we are exploring ideas of conflict.

And they're also really good words to use in your analysis when you are thinking about conflict poetry.

So at the centre of all types of conflict is at least one living feeling thing who experiences the conflicted feelings and then the opposing forces, or persons which are the cause of that conflict.

And that is where we can start to see some differences.

So when this is internal conflict, we could have the person versus themselves.

We could also think about a person versus fate or destiny, whereas when we're thinking about external conflict, we could think about a person versus other people, a person versus authority, a person versus technology or a person versus nature.

So these are just some of the different types of conflict that we can spot.

So I'd like to hand over to you for a discussion.

Have you witnessed, or experienced any of these common types of conflict? So pause the video while you take some time to share experiences with the people around you, or make a few notes on your paper and when you're ready to feedback together, click play and we'll continue.

Okay, welcome back.

Lots of interesting experiences that I overheard there.

So lots of people picking up on this idea of inner conflict.

I think most of us can probably say that we've had a period of inner conflict in our lives where we've perhaps been a bit anxious about something, or a decision we have to make or something that we've done.

And also a person versus others.

I think a lot of people, particularly if you have got siblings might be able to relate to that idea of conflict between two different people.

And then when also we are thinking about the news, we might be able to think of examples of a person versus authority.

If we think about maybe protests or strikes that we've seen in the news, this might be an example of a person versus authority.

So let's pause and check our understanding at this point.

So have a look at these four images, and think really carefully about which type of conflict could be shown in each picture.

So pause the video here while you have a think, and click play when you're ready to continue.

Okay, welcome back, again I could hear lots of fantastic discussions taking place there.

So let's have a look at these images.

So in that first one, image A then we've got those two people.

So we've got humans versus each other.

And this is also known as interpersonal conflict, when there is a conflict between more than one person.

Image B then, we've got humans versus themselves.

This idea of inner conflict.

Image C, we could argue that this is humans versus authority because here we've got this image of somebody in handcuffs, which could imply that in some way there has been a conflict between this person and the authorities because they perhaps have been arrested maybe for breaking the law.

And D, humans versus nature.

So we've got this idea that perhaps natural disaster here might occur because we are looking at that sky.

So now it is time for the first practise task of today's lesson.

And what I would like you to do is to summarise three types of conflicts that we've discussed so far.

For example, a person versus others would be one type of conflict.

So we can choose from the different options that we've been discussing.

So here are some images to remind you of the different types of conflict that we've been discussing.

And in your summary, I would like you to include the following, what this type of conflict involves, an example of this type of conflict, either real life or fictional that is up to you, what feelings you might associate with this type of conflict and whether it is external or internal.

So thinking really carefully about who experiences that conflict.

So pause the video while you come up with your summaries, and when you are ready to feedback, click play and we'll go through it together.

Okay, welcome back.

I hope you feel like you've really had a chance to get to grips with these different types of conflict now.

So you only had to choose three, but I have summarised all of them here.

So do pay attention to those ones in particular that you didn't choose to summarise.

And if you hear any ideas that you think might be useful for you, perhaps note them down on your paper, or in your exercise book as we go along.

So let's start with person versus themselves.

So inner conflict.

This type of conflict may involve internal feelings of anxiety, confusion, and frustration.

Often big decisions can involve inner conflict as people wonder whether they chose the right course of action.

And as we go through it, think really carefully about how those feelings that we associate with each type of conflict might just change slightly.

So here we've got anxiety, confusion, and frustration.

The second type then, person versus others.

So interpersonal conflict.

So this type of conflict is external.

So the opposite of this inner conflict above, and may involve feelings of anger, frustration, or wrath.

This type of conflict could range from a slight disagreement to a physical fight and could be caused by a range of issues.

And if we just compare those two types, we can already see that we're getting internal feelings at the top, such as anxiety and confusion versus those outward performative feelings such as anger or wrath.

The third type then person versus fate and destiny.

So this type of conflict is usually internal since it involves someone's perception of their own destiny.

An example may be someone feeling conflicted or confused about a decision they need to make based on their culture or religion.

So religion or culture is perhaps a time where fate, or destiny might be really important idea to someone and perhaps the path that their culture, or that their religion may have led them to believe their life was going to go.

Perhaps they've reached a point where they're feeling quite conflicted about a certain decision or a certain aspect, or path that they don't want to take, Person versus technology then.

So this type of conflict is external and causes fear.

It can manifest in different ways since technology could refer to weapons used in a war, but also to the advancement of technology and its power over the people who use it.

So onto our next type then, person versus authority.

So this type of conflict is usually external since it involves a person or group of people resisting the authority of a leader or government.

This could take the form of a criminal act or a protest, and it's usually caused by feelings of injustice.

So we've got this idea here that a person versus authority doesn't always need to be somebody necessarily breaking the law.

We've got this idea also of a protest, a protest that could become entirely legal, but is people standing up against a decision that has been made.

And also we might be able to see this in terms of certain conflicts that have taken place.

For example, the troubles which we study when we look at the poem, Belfast Confetti, because this was another example of people resisting or having a conflict with the powers that be, the government because the actual battles were fought between paramilitary groups.

So they weren't actually fought by official military organisations associated with Northern Ireland.

And finally then person versus nature.

So this type is the most unpredictable, and can be destructive causing feelings of fear and anxiety as people realise the overwhelming power that nature holds over humans.

So earthquakes and storms are an example of this type of conflict.

And obviously because it is nature, it can't be reasoned with and we can't predict when it's going to happen.

So this is usually what makes this type the most unpredictable.

So we have made it to the halfway point of today's lesson, and I hope you feel a bit more confident about the different types of conflict that exist because now we are going to apply this knowledge of conflict to help us interpret some of the anthology poems. So let's explore this concept in a bit more depth.

So conflict can be physical and mental, and it can occur between people and things and ideas.

And all of your anthology poems explore conflict in some way.

So I would like you to just take your copy of the anthology and have a flick through.

Remind yourself of the poems and discuss with the people around you which types of conflict we can identify in the different texts held in this anthology.

A really great way to do this would be perhaps to flick to your contents page and then you can talk about the poems as a collection.

So pause the video here while you take some time to discuss this and when you're ready to feedback together, click play and we'll continue.

Okay, welcome back.

Some really fantastic ideas that I overheard there.

There was lots of different ways that people were drawing out different representations of conflict in the anthology.

So we have people mentioning this idea of personal versus national duty.

So this we might particularly find in some of the military poems, like for example, The Man He Killed, war and violence featuring quite a lot of the poems in this anthology.

Psychological conflict, so feelings of guilt, anger, fear, wrath, and we can see lots of those emotions across the anthology.

We might see lots of psychological conflict in Wilford Owens poem, Exposure for example.

But then also we do definitely see some of these feelings, anger and wrath when we read William Blake's, A Poison Tree.

And these two poems could not be more different.

Tradition versus progress and change, and we will see this idea quite a lot when we are looking at the romantic poems in this collection.

So we might also see conflict between people with power, and those with less.

That imbalance of power is quite a common theme that features quite frequently in the anthology.

And finally, conflict between the past and the present.

And again, we might see this in perhaps poems that depict historical conflicts like Lord Byron's poem, the Destruction of Seneca Rib.

So let's just take one of the anthology poems here, A Poison Tree, and let's explore how this poem could link to conflict.

So if we take the speaker of A Poison Tree, so he's the person that experiences this conflict.

So I would like you to explore how Blake presents conflict in this poem by focusing on the questions above.

So have another read of the poem and then think to yourself, is the speaker's conflict external or internal? Is there anyone else involved? What feelings do they associate with the conflict? And then finally, how is the conflict itself presented? So how does Blake present this conflict? What attitude perhaps does he have towards it? So pause the video here while you take some time to discuss these questions.

And when you're ready to feedback together, click play.

Okay, welcome back.

Some really interesting discussions of this poem there.

So well done for really getting to grips with those ideas of conflict.

So let's just whiz through some answers to these questions then and discuss them together.

So starting with that top left one, is there conflict external or internal? Well, I would argue that in this poem we see both, the speaker has a dispute with someone else, so we do have that interpersonal conflict, but they're also conflicted by how it makes them feel.

So we've also got that inner conflict as well.

And actually we'll find this with a lot of the anthology poems that we'll often see more than one type of conflict at play.

So is there anyone else involved? Well, we started to answer this question above, but to be more specific, yes, a foe.

We've got an enemy.

So straight away we've got those two opposing forces.

They've got opposite views, they are enemies.

So what feelings does this speaker associate with their conflict? Well, we've got anger and wrath.

Wrath is a word that is used quite frequently in the poem.

We could argue feelings of resentment because the home focuses on this idea that if we perhaps don't deal with our negative feelings, these resentments can grow.

We could also argue that there are feelings of sadness because the speaker talks about how they watered this poison tree with their tears and also vengeance, this idea of revenge, which we could argue we see at the end of the poem when the speaker's foe breaks in and steals an apple and they're found dead underneath the tree.

So that final question then, how is the conflict itself presented? Well, I would argue that it's presented as something that is corruptive and toxic.

It grows within the speaker like a tree, and eventually causes harm to others.

So let's think then about how we would explore ideas of conflict in the anthology.

We've looked at this one poem, so let's perhaps come up with some general tips that we could think about.

So although all the poems in some way link to conflict, they all approach it in different ways and some, as we've discovered in the Poison Tree, even explore multiple types of conflict.

So when you are analysing the poems, here are some really important questions that you should ask yourself.

So first of all, who experiences the conflict? How does it make them feel? Who causes or contributes to the conflict? And that's where you'll be identifying that all important type of conflict that we can see in the poem.

And finally, how does the poet present this conflict? And that's the bit where your analysis is really going to be getting involved because you are going to be thinking about how they use language and structure, but also what attitude do they have towards it? Whose side perhaps are they on? And these are really important questions to consider.

Okay, so now it's time to pause and check our understanding.

So when thinking about how the public presents conflict, which two of the following is most important to consider? So take a moment, have a look at these four options and select the two most important.

And when you're ready for me to reveal the correct answer, click play, and we'll continue.

Okay, welcome back and well done to those of you who said A and C, what attitude they have towards the conflict, and how they use language and structure to depict it.

So we've made it to the final practise task of today's lesson.

So what I would like you to do is to choose another poem from the anthology and explore how it links to conflict.

So we've done A Poison Tree together and I'd like you to have a go at doing the same thing to a different poem.

So I'd like you to support your ideas with evidence from the text.

So remember these key questions that we were discussing earlier.

So I'd like you to think about who experiences the conflict, those feelings or emotions that we can see in the poem, who causes or contributes to the conflict, and then how does the poet present the conflict? So there we're analysing that use of language and structure, and we're also thinking about what attitude towards conflict we think the poet might have.

So pause the video while you take some time to give this a really good go and then click play when you are ready to feedback your responses.

Okay, welcome back.

I hope that you had a really good chance to get to grips with your chosen poem there.

So I have chosen exposure for this example.

So let's just run through and explore how exposure links to conflict.

So first of all then is the speaker's conflict external or internal? Well, I would argue that there are multiple types of conflict in this poem.

We've got the inner conflict of our speaker who is questioning the futility and hopelessness of war.

We've also got the military conflict, the war, world war I, that is occurring in the poem.

And finally, we've got person versus nature because actually the speaker of the poem describes the weather conditions, the harsh weather as yet another enemy that the soldiers are having to battle.

So we can see these three different types of conflict here in these different quotations.

So we've got this idea of the soldier's brain's egg, which could link to this idea of inner conflict.

They're psychologically perhaps exhausted.

And also this line here, war last, rain soaks and clouds sag stormy.

So we've got that link there to the military conflicts, but also to this weather.

So is there anyone else involved? Well, the enemy, and in this case the enemy are the harsh weather conditions and the opposing soldiers.

So we can see that in these quotations because we've got the winds that knive us, and also the bullets streak the silence.

So this idea that wind is being described as a knife and the soldiers also present it like an enemy.

So what feelings do they associate with conflict then? So we could argue that in this poem we could draw out feelings of frustration, resignation, depression, fear, anxiety, and hopelessness.

And I think this really comes across in (indistinct) of rhetorical questions.

What we are doing here, is it that we are dying? I think we really get an insight into the speaker's feelings there, but also we've got that list of emotions that he uses as well, worried, curious, nervous.

And finally then, how is the conflict itself presented? What arguably the weather is presented as a wild violent force that is more powerful than the enemy soldiers.

And we could argue that in the quotations, merciless iced east wind and mad gusts that we're getting this description of the weather as something that is wild and violent.

It's mad and it is merciless.

So just take some time to look over the notes you've made about your poem and just think really carefully, have you drawn out all of those ideas that link to conflict? Okay, so we've made it to the end of today's lesson, and I hope that you are feeling a lot more confident when it comes to using these ideas of conflict in your analysis of the poems in your anthology.

So let's just summarise what we've covered in today's lesson.

There are many different types of conflict presented in the anthology.

Many of the poems explore multiple types of conflict.

Conflict can be internal focused on emotions rather than external.

Creative comparisons between poems may avoid focusing on obvious similarities between the types of conflict and conflict often links to change or progress, injustice or power imbalance.

So once again, thank you for joining me in today's lesson and I hope that you have enjoyed it as much as I have.

Have a fantastic day, and I hope to see you again soon.