Hello, everyone.

It's lovely to see you here today.

My name's Dr.

Clayton, I'm here to guide you through your learning journey today.

Today's lesson's called Exploring Love and Foreshadowing in Act one, scene five of "Romeo and Juliet." We're going to be looking at when Romeo and Juliet first meet and the language and structure of their conversation, what it might suggest about their love.

So if you're ready, grab your pen, laptop and (indistinct) this lesson and let's get started.

So by the end of the lesson, you'll be able to explain the imagery of love and foreshadowing in Romeo and Juliet's language in act one, scene five.

So we have five words there we're going to be using as our keywords, they're identified in bold throughout the learning material, and I'll try to put that to his arm so can see them be used in context.

Our first keyword is sonnet, which is a poetic form consisting of 14 lines written in iambic pentameter, typically on the topic of love.

We're going to be looking at Shakespeare's use of the shared sonnet between Romeo and Juliet and what it might suggest about their love.

Our second keyword is foreshadow, which means a sign of something that will happen in the future.

We're going to be thinking about how Romeo and Juliet's language might foreshadow their tragic end.

Our third keyword is symbolism, which means figurative language where something is used to represent something other than its literal meaning.

We're going to be analysing the symbolism in Romeo and Juliet's language, what it might suggest about their feelings.

Our fourth keyword is tragedy, which means the play dealing with tragic events and often ends with a death.

We're going to be thinking about how the language that Romeo and Juliet use might be linked to the fact that plays a tragedy and their tragic end.

Our find keyword plosive, which are sounds articulated with abrupt release of air like D, P, B, T.

We're gonna be thinking about how the use of these sounds might be linked with the tragic fate of Romeo and Juliet.

So I'll just give you a moment to write down those keywords and the definitions.

So pause the video, write them down now.

Fantastic, let's get started with the lesson.

So we have three learning cycles in our lesson today.

For our first learning cycle, we're going to be exploring the language that Romeo uses when he first sees Juliet and what he might suggest about how he feels about her and how it might foreshadow the tragic end.

For our second learning cycle, we're going to be exploring the religious imagery in Romeo and Juliet's first conversation, think about the connotations of that language, but also why Shakespeare might have chosen to give them that religious language.

For our third learning cycle, we're going to look specifically at Shakespeare's choice to make Romeo and Juliet's first conversation a shared sonnet and what it might reveal about their love.

Now Romeo and Juliet first meet an act one, scene five, of "Romeo and Juliet".

When Romeo attends Capulet ball.

When seeing Juliet for the first time, Romeo says, "Oh she doth teach the torches to burn bright.

It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night.

As a rich jewel in the Ethiop's ear, beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear.

So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows, as yonder lady o'er her fellows shows." So what I'd like you to think about first of all is which images within Romeo's speech present a positive impression of Juliet? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Now you might have said, the images of "Torches to burn bright", "Rich jewel", "Beauty too rich" and "Snowy dove" are all positive images.

There's just Juliet associated with light, beauty and richness, all of which are positive connotations.

So now we're gonna look at some of those images in more detail.

Now Romeo's first declaration centres on light imagery.

"She doth teaches the torches to burn bright".

Now torches are considered a symbol of light and hope, so they represent light and hope 'cause they allows us see in the dark.

So what I'd like you to think about is what might the use of this image suggest about how Romeo sees Juliet? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

Now as Laura says, "I think it's just that Juliet lights up the room for Romeo.

He sees her as someone who bring hope and positivity to his life and perhaps to spell as melancholic mood." Before meeting Juliet Romeo's in love for Roslyn, he felt that life was dark and heavy.

Meeting Juliet, though, we can see now he feels that there's light penetrating the darkness of his life.

So as we said, Romeo's first declaration centres on light imagery, and what I'd like us to do now is zoom in on the word teach.

I'd like to think about what the use of the word teach specifically might suggest about Juliet.

Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Some great ideas there about how perhaps being able to teach suggests that Juliet possesses knowledge and wisdom.

As Andeep also says, "I think it enhances the light associate of Juliet.

She's so bright that she can educate light source how to be even brighter." She's not just mimicking the light, she is the light.

So now for a quick check for understanding, what I'd like you to do is tell me whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false that Romeo's use of light imagery connects Juliet with the idea of hope? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Now the correct answer is true.

Now I'd like to tell me why it's true.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Now you might have said, "We typically associate light with hope because this offers a chance to see through the darkness in the same way that Juliet offers Romeo way to see through his melancholy." So very well done if you've got those right.

Now, as well as the light imagery, Romeo also declares "It seems if she hangs upon the cheek of night as a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear." So what I'd like you to think about is what made the comparison to a rich jewel set on the backdrop of night suggest about Juliet? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Some great ideas there.

Let's talk through some of the things you might have said.

Now we think of jewels as being precious and valuable.

So perhaps Romeo sees Juliet as precious, something valuable.

You also might have thought about the fact that Romeo specifically tells that Julie is a jewel against the cheek of night.

So he is emphasising to us how bright she is.

She shines during the night and everything else is pale and dull by comparison.

Now, as well as a jewel, Romeo also compares Juliet to a snowy dove.

So what I'd like you to think about is what are the connotations of a dove? What might it suggest about Juliet? Pause the video.

Take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Some great ideas there.

Let's talk that you might have said.

Now, typically a dove in literature represents ideas of innocence, purity, peace and love.

The symbolism in the dove comes from the Bible when Noah sent out a dove after the flood and the dove returned with an olive branch to show that dry land was close by.

By comparing Juliet to a dove, Romeo creates the image of Juliet as perfect, someone innocent and pure.

Doves and birds in general also represent ideas of freedom because their ability to fly.

So perhaps Romeo is suggesting he sees Juliet as an opportunity to free himself as melancholic mood as a result of unrequited love for Rosaline.

So now for a quick check for understanding.

Which interpretation of dove imagery is most relevant to Romeo.

Juliet's meeting? Is it A, the dove imagery may imply that Romeo sees Juliet as his way of making peace with God.

Or B, the dove imagery could suggest that Romeo sees Juliet as perfection, innocent and pure.

So pause the video, consider which is most relevant.

Now the correct answer is B.

The dove imagery could suggest that Romeo sees Juliet as perfection, innocent and pure.

Now I'd like to know why this is the most relevant.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

You might have said, "While doves can symbolise peace with God, Romeo's language suggests he feels at odds with religion." So rather we can interpret it as telling the audience something about Juliet.

So now that we've thought about how Romeo's language creates ideas of hope and beauty, let's now think about how it might also create a sense of ominous foreshadowing.

So let's return to the quotation, "Oh, she does teach the torches to burn bright." Now the constant sounds of D, B and T are plosive sounds which have the effect of sounding quite abrupt.

So what I'd like you to think about is what might these plosive sounds foreshadow? What might this abruptness suggest about Romeo and Juliet's love? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

Now as Izzy says, "Maybe they foreshadow the abrupt and tragic end to Romeo and Juliet's love." Now before attending Capulet's ball, Romeo had a dream about "Some consequence, yet hanging in the stars." This dream predicted that Romeo would meet his death at the Capulet ball.

And arguably there are similarities between this phrase and Romeo's declaration that Juliet "Hangs upon the cheek of night." So what I'd like you to think about is what might the similarities in the phrasing signify? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back, everyone.

Some fantastic ideas there.

As Sofia says, "The word hanging implies something is waiting to happen and perhaps a similar phrasing shows us this meeting with Juliet could be the catalyst for the fated consequence" that Romeo thinks is going to happen.

Throughout Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare's continually reminding us that Romeo and Juliet are fated to die.

So now for a quick check for understanding, what I'd like you to do is tell me whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false, the image in Romeo's first lines about Juliet have only positive connotations.

Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

The correct answer is false.

Now I'd like to tell me why it's false.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

You might have said, "The plosive sounds apply a sense of abruptness.

Moreover, the image her hanging may link back to Romeo's dream that attending the Capulet ball would lead to tragic consequences." So very well done if you got those right.

Fantastic work, everyone.

Now for first task of the lesson.

So arguably Shakespeare uses imagery of light to show that Romeo sees Juliet as somebody who could bring hope to his life.

However, Shakespeare intertwines those images of light and hope with images that may foreshadow the tragic end of Romeo and Juliet's love.

So what I'd like you to discuss is why do you think Shakespeare intertwined those images of hope and tragedy? Remember that tragedy is one of our keywords.

It means a play dealing with tragic events and often ends with a death.

So how might these images of hope and tragedy enhance the tragic nature of the play? Pause the video.

Take a few minutes to discuss.

Well welcome back, having some amazing discussions there.

What I'd like you to do now, is think about Andeep's ideas, I think about how well they align with your ideas.

So Andeep said, "By intertwining ideas of hope and tragedy I think Shakespeare's enhancing the tragic nature of the play because we want to be swept up in the romance of Romeo and Juliet's love but Shakespeare continually reminds us their love story does not have a happy ending." So pause the video, take a few moments to think about how well Andeep's ideas align with your ideas.

Welcome back everyone.

Now for me, I think it does make it more tragic.

We want to believe in happy endings.

We're constantly given a glimpse of what Romeo and Juliet could have had and taking away that potential makes it more tragic.

Amazing work, everyone.

We're now to the second learning cycle.

We're going to look specifically at the religious imagery in Romeo and Juliet's first conversation, what it might suggest about their love.

Now, after Romeo first sees Juliet at the ball, he approaches her and the first conversation is full of religious imagery.

Romeo begins by comparing Juliet to a holy shrine.

A shrine is a place of worship that's holy because of a connection with a holy person or an object.

So what I'd like you to think about is what does the comparison of Juliet to a holy shrine signify? Pause the video.

Take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Some great ideas there.

Let's talk through some of the things you might have said.

Now, the comparison suggests that Juliet herself is sacred.

She's connected to ideas of God and religion.

That might suggest that Romeo intends to worship Juliet.

Enhancing the impression of her as perfect to Romeo.

He sees her as the image of perfect goodness.

Now as well as comparing Juliet to a shrine, Romeo compares himself to a pilgrim.

Now pilgrim is someone who travels to a sacred place for religious reasons.

So what I'd like you to think about is what's the comparison of Romeo to a pilgrim suggest in relation to Juliet as a shrine? Pause the video.

Take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Now.

I think this is such a beautiful image.

Because as Sam says, "I think it's just that Romeo sees Juliet as his destination in life.

His purpose in life is journey towards Juliet and to reach her." Now, I think the pilgrim imagery, is an example of how much of a genius Shakespeare was.

Because the (indistinct) comparing himself to a pilgrim, the name Romeo itself means Pilgrim to Rome.

Romeo isn't just being compared to a pilgrim, he is a pilgrim.

So what I'd like you to think about is what might the significance of this connection to a pilgrim be? How might it link to ideas of fate and destiny? Pause the video.

Take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Now, as Sofia says, "I think it's just that it's Romeo's fate to travel towards Juliet.

His destiny is to seek out holy place and he's found it in Juliet." Shakespeare's telling us they're destined to find each other.

Romeo spent his entire life searching for Juliet.

Now, for a quick check for understanding, what I'd like you to do is tell me whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false that Romeo's name links the concept of fate and destiny? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Now the correct answer is true.

Now I'd like to tell me why it's true.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

You might have said, "In part, Romeo's name means pilgrim, which could suggest that Romeo's destined towards Juliet.

She's the end of his journey as a shrine." So very well done if you've got those right.

Amazing work, everyone.

Now to the second task of the lesson.

Now within Romeo and Juliet's first conversation, Shakespeare includes the following words, shrine, sin, saint, devotion, pilgrim, holy.

And what I'd like you to think about is why do you think Shakespeare chose to include this religious imagery in Romeo and Juliet's first conversation? I'd like to write a short answer.

Now you might consider, what it suggests about Romeo and Juliet's love, but also the fact the audience knows that Romeo and Juliet commit a mortal sin from the prologue.

How might the religious language affect the audience? So pause the video, write your answer now.

Welcome back everyone.

Fantastic work there.

What I'd like to do now is think about Sofia's ideas and think about how well they align with your ideas.

So Sofia said, "In terms their love, I think the religious imagery creates a sense of approval about their relationship.

Shakespeare may want the audience to feel deep respect for them." Now this links the concept of Romeo and Juliet committing a mortal sin.

Suicide would've been considered sin by religious standards.

So by associating Romeo and Juliet's relationship with religion, Shakespeare's legitimise and sympathy the audience feel Romeo and Juliet throughout the tragedy.

So pause the video, think about how well Sofia's ideas align with your ideas.

Welcome back everyone.

Now I think this idea of religion is really important.

For it to be a tragedy, the audience have to have an emotional connection to Romeo and Juliet.

So as well as showing their fated connection, the language also helps to create this bond with the audience.

Amazing work everyone.

We're now in the third learning cycle where we're going to look at the shared sonnet that Romeo and Juliet's first conversation creates what it might mean for their love.

So let's read through Romeo and Juliet's first conversation.

"If I profane my unworthiest hand this holy shrine, the gentler sin is this, my lips, two blushing pilgrim's ready stand to smooth, that rough touch with a tender kiss.

Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much.

Which mannerly devotion shows in this for saints of hands that pilgrim's hands do touch and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss.

Have not saints lips and holy palmers too? Ay pilgrim, lips same as used in prayer.

Oh then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do.

They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair.

Saints do not move, though grant for prayer's sake.

Then move not, while my prayer's effect I take.

Now, if we look at the rhyme of Romeo and Juliet's first conversation, we can see it creates a sonnet.

I think again this example of just how amazing Shakespeare's craft is, he's intentionally engineered the conversation to be a sonnet and it's done so beautifully to suggest to the audience how we should see their love.

Now, sonnets are traditionally associated with love, they have a regular rhyme and rhythm.

So what I'd like you to think about is what do you think the significance of Shakespeare writing Romeo and Juliet's first conversation as sonnet is.

Think about the fact they're normally saved with love and the regularity of the fault.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Some great ideas there.

As Izzy says, "I think it shows how aligned they are.

They're creating a regular pattern together in their first conversation, which suggests their thoughts are the same." Remember, this is their first conversation.

Shakespeare's showing us just how naturally aligned and similar they are.

So now let's think about the construction of the sonnet form more specifically.

Shakespearean sonnets are written in iambic pentameter.

Iambic pentameter is a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one unstressed syllable and one stressed syllable.

When you say the line aloud, the unstressed/stressed syllables represent heartbeat, da-DUM, da-DUM, da-DUM, da-DUM.

Now, what I'd like you to think about is what do you think the significance of Romeo and Juliet speaking in a rhythm that resembles a heartbeat is.

Pause the video.

Take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

Let's think about some of the things you might have said.

Now, Romeo and Juliet speaking the same rhythm.

Suggests their heartbeats are the same.

And that suggests ideas of connection and shared emotion.

So now for a quick check for understanding.

Which of the follow is the regular rhythm of Romeo and Juliet's shared sonnet most likely represent? Is it A, it represents the monotony of Romeo and Juliet's love.

B, it represents how aligned Romeo and Juliet's love is.

Or C, it represents how controlled Romeo and Juliet's love is.

So pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Welcome back everyone.

Now, while a regular rhythm can suggest ideas of monotony and control, Shakespeare wants to see how much love Romeo and Juliet have for each other, and therefore it represents how aligned Romeo and Juliet's love is.

So very well done if you got that right.

Fantastic work everyone.

We're now at the final task of lesson.

So what I'd like you to do is write a short answer to the question, "How does Shakespeare present ideas of love in Romeo and Juliet's shared sonnet in act one, scene five." Now you might consider how the lines come together to create the shared sonnet form and the use of iambic pentameter.

So pause the video, write your answer now.

Welcome back everyone.

Some amazing work there.

What I'd like you to do is read back through your answer and think about whether you thought about the following ideas, that the shared summit form implies that Romeo and Juliet's thoughts and emotions are aligned.

The use of iambic pentameter could show their hearts are beating in the same pattern.

So pause the video, reflect on your answer.

Welcome back everyone.

Now I really hope this lesson help you to see the beauty and purpose in Shakespeare's construction.

Every word in line is carefully written to give the audience a certain impression, and that's what makes him such a brilliant writer.

You all did amazingly well today, everyone.

Here's a summary of what we covered.

Romeo's use of light imagery suggests that Juliet brings hope and positivity to his life.

Arguably, Romeo's language could also be seen as foreshadowing their tragic end.

Their religious imagery implies their love should be respected and that Juliet is Romeo's destiny.

Romeo and Juliet's first conversation creates a shared sonnet.

The shared sonnet form arguably conveys how aligned their love is.

I really hope you enjoy the lesson, everyone.

I hope to see you for another lesson soon.

Goodbye.