Hello, and welcome to today's lesson.

I'm Mrs. Butterworth, and I will be guiding you through the learning today.

I'm particularly excited about today's lesson as we are focusing on Chapter Eight of Animal Farm, which, like the battle of the cow shed, we have another battle, but this time it is all about the windmill.

So should we see what happens? So by the end of the lesson, you will be able to explain what happens in Chapter Eight of Animal Farm.

So before we begin the lesson, there are a few keywords to be aware of that will help your under understanding of the lesson.

These are: terror, decree, negates, hypocrisy, and lament.

So this is the outline of the lesson.

We're going to start by reading Chapter Eight and exploring all of the events of that.

And then we will move on to explore in a bit more depth the corruption of animalism.

So we'll be looking at the commandments and how they have been corrupted up until this point.

So let's begin with our reading of Chapter Eight.

Before we do any close reading, let's read the first part of Chapter Eight together.

You may want to think about how the pigs are continuing this reign of terror, how they're continuing to control and manipulate the animals, and how the animals are feeling throughout this chapter.

So let's go.

"A few days later, when the terror caused by the executions had died down, some of the animals remembered, or thought they remembered, that the Sixth Commandment decreed, "No animal shall kill any other animal." And though no one cared to mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs, it was felt that the killings which had taken place did not square with this.

Clover asked Benjamin to read her the Sixth Commandment, and when Benjamin, as usual, said that he refused to meddle in such matters, she fetched Muriel.

Muriel read the commandment for her.

It ran: "No animal shall kill any other animal without cause." Somehow or other, the last two words had slipped out of the animals' memory.

But they saw Now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was no good reason for killing the traitors who had leagued themselves with Snowball.

Throughout the year, the animals worked even harder than they had worked in the previous year.

To rebuild the windmill, with walls twice as thick as before, and to finish it by the appointed date, together with the regular work of the farm, was a tremendous labour.

There were times when it seemed to the animals that they worked longer hours and fed no better than they had done in Jones's day.

On Sunday mornings, Squealer, holding down a long strip of paper with his trotter, would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every class of food stuff had increased by 200%, 300% or 500%, as the case might be.

The animals saw no reason to disbelieve him, especially as they could no longer remember very clearly what conditions have been like before the Rebellion.

All the same, there were days when they felt that they would sooner have had less figures and more food." True or false? The Sixth Commandment has been changed to "No animal shall kill any animal without cause." Well done, everyone who noticed that that was true.

Now let's justify your answer.

Yes, absolutely.

Well done to everyone that got B.

This shows the pigs' violation and corruption of the ideals of the Revolution, which they continue to do throughout this novella.

So now let's look a little bit deeper into the events of the beginning of Chapter Eight.

So it starts by describing how the animals felt after the execution.

And what do you notice here? So we can see that after the initial feelings of terror, the animals are starting to feel uneasy and unsure about what happened.

So it feels great because there's finally a sense of doubt.

They're wondering what's happened to the commandments, and they're thinking, oh, hold on, this killing doesn't really square with that.

So we can see that there's this terror.

They feel shooken up, and they're going, hold on, the commandment and what has happened isn't quite right.

Let's just focus on the changing of that Sixth Commandment.

So what does it change to, and how do the animals feel about this? So the commandment is changed by adding an extra clause.

So that extra clauses being, "No animal should kill any other animal without cause." And again, this justifies the pig's action and negates the original Commandment.

So it shows the continual decline and move away from the original ideals of animalism.

And the pigs, by continually changing these commandments, are able to act and behave in any way they please.

And unfortunately, the pig, the animals who originally felt uneasy, that's now quickly dispelled.

And they justified what has happened too, so they start to agree with the pigs.

So initially there was this sense of, hooray, the animals are finally starting to see what is happening.

But then by this point, again, they're like, well, if the pigs are saying it, it must be true.

So that changing of the commandment is so, so powerful in maintaining control over the animals and that manipulation.

So let's look at the language in this section, the highlighted parts.

What does this suggest about the success of the Revolution? So we can see that the language used here is really focused on work and labour.

They worked even harder.

The tremendous labour.

And it really shows that the success of the Revolution is actually in decline.

They're working harder than they ever have done before.

And perhaps here, Orwell is pointing towards the inevitability of hierarchy, because only the pet pigs seem to have benefited from the Revolution.

We then have Squealer with his Sunday statistics.

And what do we think the effect of using these statistics is? So statistics are a really powerful rhetorical device.

They make your speeches sound credible and authoritative.

And Squealer is really utilising this effect to his advantage.

And it shows how clever Squealer is at creating propaganda, because these statistics, these figures, the 200%, 300%, and 500%, really exaggerate a sense of progress and success.

So, even though the animals' conditions haven't improved, these statistics, which sound very believable, suggest otherwise.

True or false? The animal's lives are better without Mr. Jones and after the Revolution.

False, absolutely.

Well done.

Now let's justify your answer.

Yes, well done.

So only the pigs are benefiting, and this is showing that inevitability of hierarchy.

The animals are working harder than ever, even more so than when under Mr. Jones.

So we are now at our first practise task, and this requires you to do some reading.

What I would like you to do is to read from "All orders were now.

." to the end of the chapter, ".

drink alcohol to excess." And as you read, I would like you to pause to answer the following questions.

Napoleon is given which titles and what is the effect of this? How do the animals feel towards Frederick and Pilkington? What rumours spread concerning the neighbouring farms? What went wrong with the selling of the wood? What happens in the battle of the windmill? Who is praised for defending the farm and by whom? What is Napoleon's original decree against drinking alcohol? And finally, what is the Fifth Commandment doctored to? So when you are ready, pause the video to complete your reading and we will share our answers to the questions in a moment.

Excellent reading, everyone.

I hope you enjoyed the excitement of the chapter as much as I do.

Those battles really are quite brutal.

So let's just read through these questions together and the answers.

So Napoleon has given which titles and what is the effect of this? So we know he's already addressed as "Our leader, comrade Napoleon", which is his official title.

But he also gets these other titles.

"Father of All the Animals", "Terror of Mankind," "Protector of the Sheep-fold" and "Ducklings' Friend".

And these are really clever 'cause they elevate Napoleon status and create a cult of personality around him.

So it's interesting that these titles are at two extremes.

So he's "Terror of Mankind", but he's also "Father of the Animals" and the "Ducklings' Friend".

So it's a really clever way of manipulating how the animals view him.

They both respect him, and are also terrified of him, which in turn, continues to reinforce his authority and power.

How do the animals feel towards Frederick and Pilkington? Well, they feel distrust and animosity due to past conflicts and betrayals.

What rumours spread concerning the neighbouring farms? So there's a rumour that they are planning an attack to destroy the windmill and reclaim the farm.

So what went wrong with the selling of the wood? Now Napoleon tries to be clever, so he tries to outsmart Frederick and Pilkington, and he plays them off against each other.

But unfortunately, again it is only the pigs and the animals that lose out.

Because although Frederick wins the sale, he pays for the wood with counterfeit money.

So again, he becomes an enemy of the farm.

What happens in the battle of the windmill? So the men use dynamite to blow up the windmill, and the hard work of the animals is completely destroyed.

It's a really heartbreaking moment in the novella when we just see everything that those animals have toiled for completely destroyed in an instant.

So the animals retaliate and they fight a vicious battle.

But there are deaths and many injuries on both sides.

The battle finishes and the animals share a sorrowful silence, which shows how devastated and upset they are by the whole thing.

So they are surprised when the pigs declare the battle of success despite everything they have lost.

So for them, this idea that the battle is a success doesn't really match their feelings or their experience of what happened.

Who is praised for defending the farm and by whom? So, Napoleon creates a new decoration, "the order of the green banner", which he bestows upon himself.

Which I always find quite humorous, that Napoleon is actually celebrating himself, which tells us a lot about the type of pig he is.

What is Napoleon's original decree against drinking alcohol? So the pigs find a crate of whiskey and they indulge and they get drunk.

So initially this leads Napoleon to decree that the drinking of alcohol was to be punished by death, 'cause they all feel really terrible after indulging in this whiskey.

So what is the Fifth Commandment doctored to? So once they feel much better, they actually doctor the last commandment to read, "No animal should drink alcohol to excess." So again, we see these clauses being added to the Commandments to negate the pig's behaviour.

We have reached the second part of the lesson.

So now we have read Chapter Eight, I want us to focus a little bit more on the corruption of animalism up to this point.

So how the pigs have corrupted those original ideals.

So look at these commandments.

Discuss: which of them has changed so far? Excellent.

So we have got four, five, and six.

No animal should sleep in a bed with sheets.

No animal should drink alcohol to excess.

And no animal shall kill any other animal without cause.

So discuss: how do these changes serve the pigs? And what message is Orwell trying to convey about power and corruption? You may wish to pause the video to give you time to get your ideas together.

Excellent.

So let's just share some things that we have thought about.

So obviously the pigs alter the commandments to suit their interests and negate their behaviours.

It shows how hypocritical the pigs are, and it also highlights their transformation into oppresses.

They are literally rewriting laws to enable themselves to control the animals.

So it really shows the pig's manipulation of language, all while it's suggesting that ideals can be easily corrupted and manipulated by those in power.

So let's see what you can remember.

Which two commandments are missing? Well done.

So we've got four and five.

No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets and no animal shall drink alcohol to excess.

Well done.

everyone.

We have reached the second and final task of our lesson today.

So what I would like you to do is to complete the table showing how the pigs have corrupted the ideals of animalism so far in the novella.

So that first column is titled "How the pigs corrupt the ideals of animalism." And what I would like you to do, is I would like you to write an example of where this has happened, so a specific example.

So I have used the example that they are using violence and fear, which very much goes against the initial ideas at the start.

The second section is a quote.

So you need to find a quote from what you have read at the novella so far that matches that example.

So I've used, "There was a pile of corpses and the smell of blood", which really links to that idea of violence and fear.

In this final column, you were just going to explain how your example and your quote show the corruption of animalism.

So here, the original ideas emphasised equality and stated that no animal should kill or tyrannise over another.

So just a brief explanation of how those ideals have been corrupted.

Okay, pause the video, complete the grid, and I look forward to seeing your ideas in a moment.

Good luck.

Well done everyone.

That was really great work.

And I'm really starting to see how much you understand of Animal Farm, which is great.

So, let's just share some feedback here.

You may have some completely different ideas, which is fine.

There are many, many examples of how the pigs have corrupted animalism, so that's fine if you have something different.

You may want to use this grid to add to your own grids, and that's fine too.

So we're gonna go to the second example, first of all.

So the example I have here is about abandoning equality.

So another way that the pigs have corrupted the ideals is by abandoning equality.

The quote that I have picked to match this is, "It is for your sake that we drink the milk and eat those apples", because I think it really shows the divide between what the pigs eat and what the other animals eat.

And my explanation is that equality was the main idea in the original principles.

And how this has changed, the pigs continue to take more.

And then my final example of how the pigs have corrupted the ideals of animalism is rewriting the commandments.

And the commandment that I have picked, I had the choice of many, I picked the one that was, "No animal shall drink alcohol to excess." And my explanation of how this has corrupted the ideals, is it negates the pig's bad behaviour and continues to create a divide between pigs and the other animals.

So again, all of these examples really show that continue and decline, that continual erosion of the original ideas of the Rebellion.

Well done everyone.

We have reached the end of the lesson.

I have been so impressed with your hard work and contributions today.

I hope you've enjoyed reading this chapter.

It really is an exciting chapter, if not incredibly heartbreaking, when the animals lose that windmill and all of their hard work with it.

So let's just remind ourselves of what we have learned this lesson.

So we know that Squealer uses statistics to inflate the success of the pigs' rule.

The windmill is finally completed.

Despite the many deaths, injuries, and loss of the windmill, the pigs declare the battle a success.

The pigs drink alcohol, breaking another of the commandments.

And the pigs can continue to rewrite the commandments to suit their own needs.

Again, thank you for joining me today.

I really hope to see you in a future lesson soon.

Until then, goodbye.