Hello there.

Welcome to today's lesson.

My name is Mr. Barnsley.

So glad you could join me today.

In today's lesson, "Mr. Hyde: the Embodiment of Evil", we're gonna be taking a much closer look at the primary antagonist in our tale.

Okay, thank you for joining me.

Let's get started.

Right, okay, so let's look at today's outcome.

So by the end of the lesson, you're gonna be able to identify and analyse quotations which present Hyde as a dangerous character.

I'm sure there's gonna be plenty of them for us to find.

As ever, we're gonna start with our keywords.

There are five keywords in today's lesson.

Antagonist, to proceed, embodiment, juggernaut, and troglodytic.

Okay, let's have a look at the definitions then.

They're about to appear on the screen.

As ever, if you need to pause for a moment so you can read through them and maybe make a note of them, that is fantastic.

Do take the time to pause the screen if you need to, pause the video if you need to.

But it's really important that you understand what each of these words mean so that when you come across them in today's lesson, you're not confused by them.

Okay, let's have a look at these definitions.

Okay, and now let's have a look at the outline of today's lesson.

So two learning cycles today.

Firstly, we're gonna be looking at Stevenson's introduction to Hyde, and we're gonna be finding some quotations from the beginning of the novella.

And then in the second learning cycle, we're gonna really think about how we can use those quotations judiciously.

Okay, let's dive into that first learning cycle then.

So, these are the first times that Mr. Hyde is referenced in the novella.

These are the first three times that Hyde is referenced.

Well first, we know he's introduced through Enfield's story.

And this happens in chapter one, The Story of the Door.

And then the second time we see him is at the beginning of chapter two, and he actually appears in one of Utterson's dreams. He appears to be haunting our narrator.

And then finally, we, the reader, see Hyde for the first time when Utterson meets him in chapter two.

So let's start with the discussion then.

What is interesting about the way that Hyde is introduced to the reader? Pause the video.

If you've got a partner, you may discuss with them.

But if you're working by yourself, that's absolutely fine.

Think about this question to yourself and even make a few notes if you wish.

Pause the video and press play when you are ready to continue.

Okay, welcome back.

I heard some really animated discussion there, really thinking about what Stevenson's purpose was and what he was trying to do.

So two of our Oak pupils will also be discussing the same questions, Sam and Andeep.

Let's have a look at what they had to say.

So Sam says, "I find it really interesting that the reader does not meet Hyde through the eyes of Utterson, until the end of chapter two.

Instead, we first hear about terrifying anecdotes." So stories about him.

And Andeep says, "Ah yeah, but don't forget, we also meet him via Utterson's nightmare.

He haunts our narrator." And Sam says, "I feel like this was a really deliberate choice by Stevenson, and it can probably be linked to the Gothic form.

I'm not quite sure how though." So let's see if we can help Sam to extend their answer and explain to them how this might link to conventions of gothic literature.

Now hopefully, if you've studied any gothic literature before, you will have covered gothic conventions in a lesson before.

So I'm really gonna ask you to think back to some discussions you may have already had.

How might this idea that Hyde is not introduced to us until kind of the end of chapter two, that he's introduced via a story, that he's introduced by, in a nightmare, how might this link to the idea of the gothic? Pause the video, have a discussion, have a think, and press play when you are ready to continue.

Yes, fantastic work there.

I could really see people like, thinking back to lessons that they might have already studied in English.

Great, great job there.

Well done if you said anything like Andeep, who said, "Of course! The fear of the unknown!" We know that is a common convention of the gothic, the unknown.

And Stevenson therefore is creating a sense of mystery.

Okay? We as the reader do not get to meet Hyde until the end of the chapter.

First, we hear about him in a story, then we see him haunting.

He's this unknown creature.

We don't get to know him.

Whether we ever truly know Hyde is another question, but we don't get to know him, meet him, until he's actually been referred to quite a few times, which I think is very much a choice Stevenson has made as part of the gothic form.

Okay, let's check how we're getting on then.

So we've got a question here.

Which pupil do you think has made the most sophisticated inference? So we've got Sam at A, and Andeep at B.

Let's have a look at what they both say.

So Sam says, "Well, Stevenson carefully crafts a suspenseful introduction for the novella's antagonist," keyword there, "Hyde.

By using a terrifying anecdote and a nightmare dream sequence, Hyde's reputation as a character to be feared precedes him." So we are already ready to be afraid of Hyde because his interpretation, sorry, his reputation, precedes him.

That's Sam's inference.

Andeep says, "Well, it's clear from the very first chapter that Hyde is a character that the reader should fear.

We hear about his terrible crimes, and we see that Utterson is haunted by the idea of him." So Andeep there, reminding us of the different times we've met Hyde.

Which do you think, of these, is the most sophisticated inference? Pause the video, have a think, have a discussion and press play when you're ready to continue.

Yes, welcome back.

Now, neither of the pupils are wrong in what they are saying, but I agree that Sam has probably the more detailed and sophisticated inference.

They've really thought about the impact that this has had, that we know that this is a deliberate choice by Stevenson to kind of create this reputation for Hyde.

This one that he should be feared.

Okay, well done if you said A.

So we know that our Oak pupils agree that Mr. Hyde is presented as a mysterious figure to be feared.

But now, as part of your first task, practise task of today's lesson, you are gonna help the Oak pupils by completing the table and help them find quotations from different sections of the opening of the text, which present Hyde as the embodiment of evil, okay? Keyword there.

Like he basically is the perfect example of evil.

So what I want you to do is see if you can find any quotations from Enfield's anecdote, the story in chapter one.

I want you to see if you can find any examples from Utterson's nightmare that he has at the beginning of chapter two.

And then any quotations from that first meeting that we as the reader actually get to see Hyde through the eyes of one of our characters.

Okay, so you are gonna need a copy of your, you're gonna need your copy of the text, you're gonna need to be flicking through those first two chapters, finding quotations that really prove that Hyde is this embodiment evil.

He's a dangerous character.

He's a character we should fear.

Okay, pause this video, give this a go, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Welcome back! How did you find that? Really well done to those of you who were also underlining in your text.

Obviously you'll have done some active reading when you read your, the novella for the first time.

But whenever we go back to do some analysis, you can always add further annotations into your own text as well.

So, fantastic job if that was you and you were doing that.

Okay, let's have a look at some of the quotations you may have selected from the opening of the novella.

Of course, these are not the only quotations that you might have picked, but here are some of them that you may have chosen.

So from Enfield's story, you might have picked that quotation.

"It wasn't like a man, it was like some damned juggernaut." And juggernaut, one of our keywords there, really expressing the power that Hyde has as he trampled over the young girl.

And the second quotation, "I saw that Sawbones turn sick and white with the desire to kill him." So talking about the doctor there, turning sick and white.

So with doctors, we know have seen many things, you'd imagine, many horrific things.

And actually just the sight of Hyde makes him turn sick and white, but also makes him so angry, he wants to cause harm to Hyde.

And he describes kind of Hyde's persona as like, "Carrying it off, sir, really like Satan." So making this direct, using simile, this direct comparison between Hyde and the devil.

So some really clear signs that Hyde is evil, the embodiment of evil, a character we should fear.

Okay, let's look at some quotations that you might have selected from Utterson's nightmare.

So you might, again, we see the repetition of that phrase, the human juggernaut.

"He trod the child down," "he passed on regardless of her scream." So he has this nightmare, like picturing the story that Enfield had told him, obviously, Utterson wasn't there.

He doesn't know exactly what happened, but he's having nightmares about the story that Enfield had told, which really goes to show how Hyde's reputation precedes him.

He says, "The figure in these two phases haunted the lawyer all night." And this verb, haunted, is really interesting.

It's, you know, it suggests that he's a supernatural creature.

We know supernatural is really closely linked to the gothic, but also this idea that Hyde's reputation precedes him.

Okay? This story that Enfield has told has had a really kind of a dramatic effect on Utterson.

He can't get this character out of his mind, and "the face of a man who was without the bowels of mercy." Okay? So it's almost like this man has no sympathy or empathy for others.

And finally, let's have a look at the quotations from Utterson's first meeting.

So he says, "Mr. Hyde was pale and dwarfish." So we see these two adjectives to describe Hyde.

"He gave the impression of deformity without any nameable malformation." So this idea that he didn't look right, but you couldn't put your finger on what it was that wasn't right about him.

It's a very obscure description of Hyde.

It doesn't allow us to paint a very clear picture of Hyde in our mind.

It kind of creates this quite confusing image.

And Utterson says, "the man that seems hardly human, something troglodytic." And remembering that adjective means kind of, we can associate that with kind of pre-human kind of pre-evolution.

So there's something here that, there is a suggestion here that Hyde is not human.

He's not human in the way that others are.

And that's definitely something that we should fear.

And again, this comparison to the devil, it says that, "I read Satan's signature upon his face." It's almost like he's so evil, the devil himself has signed his signature on there.

So these are all fantastic quotations that you could have chosen.

Of course, you could have chosen more.

If you haven't got any of these in your table, then now might be the time to just pause the video and make a note of these, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Okay, welcome back.

You did some fantastic work in that first learning cycle.

Really finding some excellent quotes about Hyde.

Now we're gonna look at how we can use them judiciously.

So Sam says, "Great, I feel really confident I can explain how Hyde is presented at the start of the novella.

I also know that I've got a range of quotations that I can use to support my arguments.

However, I'm a bit worried that I have too many quotations and I don't know how to narrow them down." Which ones would be the best to use? And Andeep says, "Well, I've got some help and advice for you." Andeep, always very helpful.

"I think I can help you here.

I always favour quotations that are analyzable and adaptable.

Let me explain." So Andeep says that he looks for quotations that are analyzable and quotations that are adaptable.

Let's see what he means by these.

So, deciding whether a quote is analyzable, he always says, well, does it include any interesting adjectives, verbs, or adverbs? So kind of, he looks at individual words, and are there any interesting ones that he could maybe analyse in more detail? Maybe there is a language device in there.

Have there been any devices or methods that the author has used, or the writer has used, that will be analyzable? Are there any words that have connotations? So are there words in there that, on the surface might not seem particularly interesting, but actually they have connotations of other things and you could explore those connotations.

Likewise, there might be things that give an opportunity to explore symbolism.

So again, a word might not look that interesting on the surface, but when you think about what that word, often a noun, could symbolise, you go, actually, this could be really interesting to analyse.

So they're the kind of questions that Andeep runs through when he's thinking about, "Is this quote analyzable? Am I gonna have plenty of things to say about it?" But he also asks himself, is it adaptable? What does he mean by this? Well, can it be used to explore different characters? The best quotes to memorise, the best quotes to try and use time and time again, are the quotations that can be used in many different scenarios.

So can they be used to talk about Jekyll and Hyde and Utterson, and Lanyon? Brilliant, if they can.

Can it be used to explore different themes? So this quotation might be really good to talking about evil, good and evil, that we're talking about at the moment.

But it might also be good to talk about reputation, or truth and honesty.

Okay? So really thinking about, can these quotations be used when talking about different ideas in a text? Does it give you the opportunity to explore context? We know we'd love to make links to historical and social context.

You might have talked about science and religion and how they related to the novella.

Does my quotation give me an opportunity to make those links? And finally, you know, some of these quotations are great, but they're often very long.

Do they have little sections or smaller sections of the quote that I can pull out and embed into my own sentences? Okay, these are the questions that Andeep goes through, and thinking about how useful a quote is gonna be for him.

Is it analyzable? Is it adaptable? Okay, what was missing then from Andeep's criteria for an analyzable quotation? Okay, what's missing there? So there were four things that he mentioned.

One of them is missing.

Pause the video, see if you can remember, and press play when you are ready for the answer.

Well done if you said interesting language devices.

So yes, he looks at word level, he looks at language devices, he looks for connotations, and he looks for symbolism.

Well done if you said language devices.

Okay, Andeep is gonna share an example to show how this works for us.

So he's gonna look at this quotation from the beginning of chapters two, Utterson's Nightmare, where Hyde is described as having the face of a man who was without bowels of mercy.

So let's check this against the criteria.

So let's remind ourselves that that's the criteria that Andeep works through.

So let's first of all think, is this quotation analyzable? Well, bowels of mercy is a metaphor.

Your bowels are, you know, a part of your body, they're an organ in your body.

They are not made of mercy.

Therefore, that is a metaphor.

We know mercy is an interesting word to look at in more detail.

It means to kind of show pity.

We also know that word "without" shows that Hyde can't do that.

He doesn't show pity.

It shows that Hyde lacks empathy.

Now, "bowels" is really interesting, 'cause actually, it means your intestines.

But this is, in Christianity, it's traditionally regarded as the seat of tender and sympathetic emotions.

So in the Bible, bowels will have been seen like, if you're said, you do not have the bowel, or the bowels of mercy would be kind of where your, it would be seen to where your emotions, your sympathetic emotions sit.

So for Hyde to not have them, it shows that he has no innate compassion.

He wasn't born with the ability to be sympathetic to others.

And we can really make a link here to context.

Well, let's hold that.

Let's see if this quotation is adaptable.

So can it be used to explore different characters? Well, of course it can be used to explore Hyde, but also any quote that can be used to explore Hyde can be used to explore Jekyll by extension, because we know Jekyll created Hyde.

Jekyll is Hyde.

So, useful for questions about Jekyll and or Hyde, but also questions about Utterson and how he judges people and how he judges Hyde.

So we can definitely potentially, well definitely potentially, we can potentially use this for any questions about Utterson.

We know it links to religion and reputation.

So when we think about context, we can talk about how religion was really important in underpinning Victorian morality and sense of what is right and wrong.

And here, Hyde has no sense of what is right and wrong.

He has no compassion.

But more specifically, bowels of mercy is that kind of religious idea.

So he doesn't, you know, we can make that link between religion underpinning what is right and wrong in society and how Hyde doesn't have that.

Linking it to themes, we can link it to the idea of good versus evil.

We can link it to the ideas of hypocrisy and reputation.

We can do that through the context as we've just discussed.

And like I said, we're always looking at like, this is quite a long quote, but actually bowels of mercy or without bowels of mercy is really the important part there, and we can embed that into our own sentence.

So it can be adapted into our analysis.

We don't need to write out this whole quotation.

Okay, let's have another check.

See how we're getting on.

Two pupils here have made an inference, which do you think is the most sophisticated? So Sam says, "Utterson describes Hyde as having the face of a man who was without bowels of mercy.

This metaphor implies Hyde lacks compassion and empathy, making him seem cruel." Andeep, who's B, says, "During Utterson's dream sequence, Hyde is described as a man without the bowels of mercy.

This biblical metaphor implies Hyde's lack of compassion, a quality some believed to be innate in all humans, creating God's image." So we were all born with the ability to be compassionate.

Pause the video, have a think.

Which do you think is the strongest inference? And press play when you're ready for the response.

Yes, well done if you said Andeep's response, B, is probably the more sophisticated there.

First of all, he doesn't write the whole quote.

You know, he's embedding it in there.

He is kind of being very selective.

But I think his inference that he makes from there, his analysis is more interesting.

He thinks about context there by linking it to the Bible, and the humans being created in God's image is certainly more detailed than Sam's inference.

Well done if you said B.

Okay, we are now onto our final task of the lesson today.

I'm gonna, I'm giving you three quotations, and what I would like you to do is fill in this table for each of them.

I want you to tell me why it's analyzable, which words, phrases, might you zoom in and what they might tell us.

And also why it's adaptable.

How can it be used in many different, for many different characters or themes or linking to context or anything like that? So pause the video, give this activity a go, three quotations, and tell me why these quotations are analyzable and adaptable.

Pause the video, press play when you're ready to continue.

Okay, welcome back.

Let's go through each of these quotations individually.

I think it's really important that you have a pen at hand, because there might be some things that I share from my analysis of these quotations that you might want to add to your work.

So let's start with, "that human juggernaut trod the child down and passed on regardless of her screams." Again, from the nightmare of Hyde.

Sorry, of Utterson, but he's obviously, this nightmare is based on the story that Enfield has shared with him.

So is this quotation analyzable? Of course it is.

We know juggernaut is an unstoppable force.

A human juggernaut is a metaphor, okay? A human cannot actually be a juggernaut, and it juxtaposes a human with an object.

And it's really interesting here, because by kind of comparing a human to an object, you're actually taking the humanity away from Hyde.

You're not, you know, Utterson isn't seeing him as human here.

And we've got that violent verb, "trod." It feels very kind of violent and careless.

And "regardless", is again, it kind of shows no care for human life or no care for the humanity of others.

All of this really kind of goes to kind of create this image of Hyde as being the embodiment of evil.

Now, is this quotation adaptable? Or as we said, anytime you analyse Hyde, you can use this to discuss Jekyll.

Thematically, we can talk about good versus evil.

We can talk about reputation versus reality, because obviously this is Jekyll's behaviour, just in the guise of Hyde.

We can talk about science and religion here.

Juggernaut is actually a religious term.

It comes from the Hindu religion.

You can see that there underneath.

And so, thinking back to discussions that you may have had in other lessons, think about the conflict that potentially happens for some readers between science and religion, and maybe that this is a bit of a warning against what can happen when people take science too far.

Our next quotation was, "This man seems hardly human, something troglodytic." Let's have a look at what we could have said.

Is this analyzable? Of course it is.

Troglodytic means primitive, brutish.

It makes Hyde seem less evolved than other humans.

And that should be kind of making you think about context there, science, science, science.

"Hardly", this adverb, it dehumanises Hyde.

Okay, he's hardly human.

He's not really a human.

We've got an exclamation mark! We can talk about punctuation here.

It expresses how shocked and appalled Utterson is by Hyde.

Is it adaptable? Well yes, we can explore Jekyll, we can also explore Utterson as a narrator, because these are Utterson's opinions.

We've got themes of good versus evil.

We've got criticism of science here.

We can link this to Darwin's theory.

The idea that people evolve.

Remember, if humans can evolve, people might have been afraid, well, can they devolve? Can we degenerate? And is this an example of humans going backwards? And we've got that fear of devolution.

And our final quotation was, "I read Satan's signature upon a face." Well, Satan's signature is a metaphor.

Obviously Satan has not signed Hyde's face.

We know Satan himself is, you know, the true example of the embodiment of evil.

So if he's signing, if he's putting his signature on Hyde, it's almost saying it's ownership.

Hyde is owned by the devil.

And this is really deliberately vague, okay? We don't, that's not a real description of Hyde's face so we can picture him.

We get to, the reader gets to imagine their own version of evil.

Like, what does evil look like to you? And that makes Hyde a much more terrifying character because Hyde will look slightly different to all of us.

He will look like our own version of evil and terror.

So yes, a very very analyzable quote.

Is it adaptable? Again, we can use this to explore Jekyll, 'cause Jekyll has created Hyde.

We can talk about Utterson because this is Utterson's views.

We can talk about themes of good and evil, of course, but also science versus religion.

We've got some religious imagery when we talk about the devil, we can talk about, kind of the link between science and religion there.

And also contextual links, okay? We know that religion had an influence over Victorian morality.

So lots and lots of things we can say about this quote, as well as the others that we looked at in today's lesson.

Okay, really, really well done today.

It's been great going through this lesson with you.

I've been really impressed by how much effort you put in.

Let's do a quick run through what we have learnt in today's lesson.

So Stevenson initially introduces Hyde through anecdotes and dream sequences.

It creates a sense of mystery.

Through Hyde's actions and Stevenson's description of him, Hyde could be described as being the embodiment of evil.

When we select quotes, they should be analyzable and adaptable, and we select quotations that include interesting words, language devices, have connotations, or they give us opportunities to explore symbolism.

If there's any of that that you are a little bit unsure of, do make sure you go back through the video and re-watch before moving on.

Fantastic job today, everybody.

Wishing you a lovely rest of your day, however you are choosing to spend it, and I hope to see you all soon.

Goodbye.