Hello and welcome back.

It's lovely to see so many familiar faces again.

My name is Miss Halliday, and I'll be your teacher for today.

I'm really looking forward to getting started on Stave 3.

So without further ado, let's get going.

So today's lesson is called Stave 3: The second of the three spirits.

So today, we'll be looking at Stave 3, reading it together, and then discussing it.

And by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how Dickens characterises the second spirit.

But first, here are some keywords that you'll need to be able to unlock today's learning.

We've got receptive, reflective, abundance, and emotional repression.

Here are the definitions of these keywords.

If you'd like to pause the video and take a little bit longer to read them, then please feel free to do so.

Here's the lesson outline for today.

We're going to start by reading Stave 3 of "A Christmas Carol," and then we're going to finish the lesson by discussing the appearance of the Ghost of Christmas Present and what it represents.

So let's start with reading Stave 3.

We're going to begin with a little bit of a recap.

So I'd like you to discuss what did the Ghost of Christmas Past show Scrooge, and then I'd like you to think, well, bearing that in mind, what might the next spirit, whose name is the Ghost of Christmas Present, show Scrooge.

And finally, what might we expect to happen to Scrooge over the course of this stave? So I'm going to invite you to pause the video while you have those conversation and make your predictions.

Well done.

Some fantastic guesses there.

I'm not going to ruin the plot for you and give too much away at this stage, so I'd like you to hold your answers in your head and you'll be able to see whether you were right or not.

So what we're going to do is we're going to read Stave 3.

However, before we get started and I'll let you go and read independently, I'd like to do some reading together.

So here's the beginning of Stave 3.

I'll read it to you.

And as I'm reading, I'd like you to be following along, please.

Awaking in the middle of a prodigiously tough snore, and sitting up in bed to get his thoughts together, Scrooge had no occasion to be told that the bell was again upon the stroke of one.

He felt that he was restored to consciousness in the right nick of time, for the special purpose of holding a conference with the second messenger dispatched to him through Jacob Marley's intervention.

But finding that he turned uncomfortably cold when he began to wonder which of his curtains this new spectre would drawback.

He put them everyone aside with his own hands, and lying down again, established a sharp look-out all round the bed.

For he wished to challenge the spirit on the moments of its appearance and did not wish to be taken by surprise and made nervous.

So before we move on and read more of Stave 3, I'd like to check your understanding.

So there are two summaries on screen that I'd like you to read and I'd like you to pick the letter which corresponds to the summary that you think best describes the section of text that you've just read.

So I'm going to invite you to pause the video now while you read the options and make your choice.

And well done if you identified that the best summary is definitely a.

Excellent work.

In what we've just read, we learned that Scrooge wakes up at 1:00 and he initially is quite confident about his meeting with the Second Spirit.

However, when he starts to consider how the spirit might enter his room and what the spirit might say, that kind of anxiousness and nervousness takes over, and he ends up kind of building himself a little bit of a fork so that he can watch out for the spirit's arrival.

So we can see here that Scrooge's initial confidence turns to anxiety and nervousness, and well done if you remembered that.

Let's carry on reading.

Gentlemen of the free-and-easy sort, who plume themselves on being acquainted with a move or two and being usually equal to the time-of-day, express the wide range of their capacity for adventure by observing that they are good for anything from pitch-and-toss to manslaughter, between which opposite extremes, no doubt, their lies a tolerably wide and comprehensive range of subjects.

Without venturing for Scrooge quite as hardly as this, I don't mind calling on you to believe that he was ready for a good broad field of strange appearances and that nothing between a baby and a rhinoceros would've astonished him very much.

So what I'd like you to do now is have a little bit of a discussion and to think about, well, how do you think Scrooge is feeling here? And I've highlighted the relevant section of text in purple to guide your conversations.

So I'm going to encourage you now to pause the video while you discuss that question.

Some excellent discussions there.

So in terms of how Scrooge is feeling here, well, he's feeling a little bit anxious, obviously, because he's not quite sure what to expect, but he's trying to prepare himself to expect the unexpected almost.

And the narrator says that nothing really would've surprised him at this point, probably because he is already been visited by two supernatural beings.

So he's not quite sure what the next one will look like.

And that actually anything from a baby to a rhinoceros perhaps wouldn't have surprised him very much, so in this moment he's feeling quite anxious, but he is also feeling ready.

He's prepared for whatever it is that's going to visit him next, though he's not quite sure what it will be.

So well done if you got that.

Let's carry on reading.

Now, being prepared for almost anything, he was not by any means prepared for nothing, and consequently, when the bell struck one and no shape appeared, he was taken with a violent fit of trembling.

Five minutes, 10 minutes, a quarter of an hour went by, yet nothing came.

All this time he lay upon his bed, the very core and centre of a blaze of ruddy lights, which streamed upon it when the clock proclaimed the hour, and which, being only light, was more alarming than a dozen ghosts as he was powerless to make out what it meant, or what would be at, and was sometimes apprehensive that he might be at that very moment an interesting case of spontaneous combustion, without having the consolation of knowing it.

So again now, you'll notice there are two questions down the right-hand side of the screen, and I'm going ask you to discuss those questions.

So we've got how is Scrooge feeling when the clock strikes one, and what happens to Scrooge here? So I'm gonna invite you to pause the video while you consider the answers to those questions.

Again, some really fantastic discussions there.

So in terms of how Scrooge is feeling, we've said that Scrooge was kind of prepared, he was feeling ready, though obviously a little bit anxious.

But when the clock strikes one and nothing comes, I think all of that anticipation that's built up inside Scrooge turns to absolute dread and fear because he then doesn't understand why nothing's come.

Okay, he's spent so long emotionally preparing himself for this visit, and then when it doesn't happen, this feeling of dread takes over him because he is confused as to why the ghost hasn't shown up yet.

And it says that he's taken over with this violent fit of trembling, and that shows how paralysed with fear he is in this moment 'cause he doesn't quite know what to think of the fact that no ghost has turned up to speak to him.

Now in terms of what happens to Scrooge here, when he's lying on his bed, a very, very bright light is being shone over him, and this terrifies him more than the ghosts would, is what the narrator's saying, because he doesn't understand where the light's coming from, why it's shining on him.

So this really, really, almost blinding bright light is shining on Scrooge, and he, at this moment, has no idea why.

Okay, so he is still feeling quite terrified in this moment and he is worried that he's going to spontaneously combust at any moment because the light is so bright and harsh.

So well done if you manage to understand that from the extract.

Excellent work.

Now before I set you off reading independently, I just want you to draw your attention to the interactive reading strategies that I expect you to be undertaking as you're reading.

I'm not going to go through these again, as I've been through them before, but I just want you to reiterate the importance of you carrying these out, okay? So you need to make sure that you are circling key vocab, you are writing little notes in the margin, little annotations to help you remember key ideas and key impressions that you might have at that moment.

Because remember, all of these annotations will make your life much easier when we come back to analyse this scene after we've read the text in full.

So make sure that you've taken note of these interactive reading strategies and that they are on your radar as you are reading through the text.

So onto the first task of the lesson, where I'd like you to finish reading Stave 3 independently.

So you are going to read all the way from, at last, however, he began to think, all the way to the end where it says, "Like a mist along the ground, towards him." Now Stave 3 is quite a bulky stave, and a lot happens within a very short space of time.

And I want to make sure that you understand everything that's gone on and that you have a full set of comprehensive notes for you to come back to once we've finished reading the text.

So in order to do that, instead of giving you questions, this time I thought, well, let's do a timeline because then you'll be able to track all of the scenes at the Ghost of Christmas Present show Scrooge across Stave 3.

So as you are reading, every few moments or so, I'd like you to pause and plot the key events from Stave 3 onto the timeline.

So here's your timeline, and here I've populated it with what we've read so far.

So we've read that Scrooge wakes up and prepares for his ghostly visit, and that a strange light appears and Scrooge traces it to his adjoining room, so that's what we've already read.

You are going to finish populating the timeline as you read through this stave, so that you've got that really clear timeline of exactly what happens in Stave 3 for you to use when you come back to revise or when we come back to discuss this stave at a later point.

So what I'm going to do now is encourage you to pause the video and undertake that reading, remembering to do your interactive reading.

So pause the video and enjoy.

Fantastic reading.

And I could see some really full timelines there, which tells me that you've been engaging with your learning really actively.

So well done.

So what we're going to do now is go through the events of Stave 3.

If you've missed any of the key events that I've highlighted, I would recommend that you add them to your timeline just to make sure that your timeline is comprehensive and covers all of the really key aspects of Stave 3.

So as I said before, we already had these two points, that Scrooge wakes up preparing for his ghostly visit, but that the ghost doesn't appear, instead of strange light appears and Scrooge then traces it to his adjoining room.

In this adjoining room, Scrooge sees the second spirit, who has transformed the room into a festive caverns, who has decorated it really flamboyantly with lots of objects that kind of symbolise Christmas.

Scrooge tells the spirit that he learned a really important lesson from the last spirit and that he's actually ready for his next lesson.

The ghost, so the Ghost of Christmas Present, then shows Scrooge Christmas in London, and Scrooge observes as people rush around the streets.

As they're watching, the spirit sprinkles incense onto the people passing by to make them happy and joyful.

The ghost then takes Scrooge to witness Christmas at the Cratchits', and Scrooge witnesses the struggles of Bob Cratchits and his family, especially that of Tiny Tim.

Now, Scrooge feels quite sorry for Tiny Tim.

and asks if he will live, and the ghost says that he won't, unless things change.

Whilst they're at the Cratchits' Christmas, Mrs. Cratchits condemns Scrooge for his cruelty, but Bob shows mercy and asks her to be grateful because it is Christmas.

Then the ghost takes Scrooge to visit the miners, who are celebrating Christmas around a fire.

So we're starting to see Christmas around the world and outside of London.

He's then taken to see two men in a lighthouse celebrating, and then some sailors who are humming festive songs.

We're then brought right back to London, and the ghost shows Scrooge Fred's house at Christmas, and it's actually the party that Scrooge was invited to in Stave 1 that he declined.

Fred's hosting his annual Christmas party, and the guests at Fred's house begin to make fun of Scrooge during their party games.

And Fred, we learn that Fred feels quite sorry for Scrooge, and that he will continue to invite Scrooge to Christmas dinner.

As this is all going on, Scrooge notices that the Ghost of Christmas Present is visibly ageing as the time goes on, and he tells Scrooge that his time will be up at midnight.

Just before the ghost disappears, Scrooge observes two children under the ghost's robe, and the ghosts warn Scrooge to be aware of both these children who are called Ignorance and Want, but he states to Scrooge that he should be especially aware of the boy called Ignorance.

And finally, Scrooge, upon seeing these children, is utterly appalled by their appearance, and he actually asks what support that there is for the children.

The ghost then reminds him of his early cruelty by firing his own statement of, "Are there no prisons?" right back at Scrooge to highlight his hypocrisy.

The stave then ends with Scrooge seeing another phantom approaching him.

So well done if you've got any of those events, and make sure that if you didn't, you've added them to your timeline so you have a full set of notes.

And now onto the second part of the lesson, where we're going to dive a lot deeper into the Ghost of Christmas Present and its appearance and what it represents and how it treats Scrooge.

So let's get started on that.

So first of all, I wanted to talk a little bit about Christmas and what it means to human beings.

So what I'd like you to do is create a mind map of what we tend to associate with Christmas.

So I've done one example for you.

So here's our spider diagram.

You'll put Christmas in the middle, and then one idea that you might have put that we tend to associate with Christmas is the giving of gifts or the giving of donations to charity.

So what I'm going to do now is invite you to pause the video while you have a go at populating the spider diagram with things that we associate with Christmas.

So off you go.

Some fantastic suggestions.

And it's really interesting to see some of the common themes that I'm seeing across your spider diagrams. So I'm just going to pick out some of the ideas that I saw that I liked the best.

So again, if you missed any of these, feel free to add them to your own diagram.

So we've got spending time with family and friends.

I think that's a really key trope of Christmas.

I think most people tend to do that around the Christmas period, whether they celebrate Christmas or not.

It's often a time to spend time with family and friends.

Traditionally, we associate the colours red and green with Christmas as well, and we'll talk a little bit more about that colour symbolism later in the lesson.

We associate Father Christmas and Christmas trees, and these are really key symbols of Christmas, and this is one of the key representations of Christmas in popular culture, and many people would have these in their home.

We also associate the concept of Christmas spirit with Christmas.

And again, we'll talk a little bit more about what Christmas spirit is and what it means later in the lesson.

We associate singing, laughter, and happiness, and just general kind of goodwill and joy with the Christmas period.

We also associate winter fires and warm, cosy clothes because of the colder weather at Christmas.

We also associate Christmas as a time for feasting.

So lots of food.

We tend to eat roast dinners at Christmas.

Lots of people have roast Turkey on Christmas day.

So again, that kind of abundance of food is something that we associate with Christmas traditionally.

So well done for filling out the spider diagrams. Some really excellent ideas there.

So we're going to go back to the text and we're going to have a look at an extract that is specifically about the Ghost of Christmas Present here and answer some questions.

So I will read, and as I'm reading, you need to be following along.

So we've got, "The moment Scrooge's hand was on the lock, a strange voice called him by his name, and bade him to enter.

He obeyed.

'Come in!' exclaimed the ghost, 'Come in! And know me better man.

' Scrooge entered timidly and hung his head before the spirit.

He was not the dogged Scrooge he had been.

And though the spirit's eyes were clear and kind, he did not like to meet them.

'I am the Ghost of Christmas Present,' said the Spirit, 'Look upon me!' Scrooge reverently did so." Now before we answer our questions, I just wanted to clarify a really important piece of vocabulary.

This word dogged, it actually means showing that grim persistence, okay? So you'll need that in a moment to answer the questions.

So your questions are, how does the spirit treat Scrooge? And how does Scrooge respond to that treatment? How does he respond to the spirit here? And you'll need that word dogged in order to answer that question.

So what I'm going to do now is get you to pause the video while you have those conversations and discussions with the people around you before we share our ideas as a group.

Some really great suggestions there.

So let's start with this, "Come in!" exclaim the Ghost.

Now here, the ghost is presented as really welcoming, a very warm, open-hearted, and generous ghost, and that's indicated through the use of exclamation marks and that verb exclaimed, okay? Even though these are imperative verbs and he's telling Scrooge to come in, he's doing it in a way that almost seems as if he's inviting him in, okay? And that shows his open-hearted nature.

In terms of Scrooge's response, well, we know that Scrooge is actually really frightened of the spirit initially, okay? Because he's timid and he hung his head before the spirit, but he obeys him anyway.

And what this shows is that he's actually learning to listen to others, and he's becoming more receptive to other people's emotions and other people's lessons, almost.

So he's becoming much more receptive to interactions with other people here.

Now, he hangs his head, and again, that shows his respect for the spirit.

And automatically, we've seen that little bit of change in Scrooge.

Because in Stave 1, he doesn't seem to have respect for anybody.

And yet here, he's hanging his head, which is a distinct sign of respect for the ghost.

Now, this sentence here, "He was not the dogged Scrooge he had been," again, we already start to see that transformation in Scrooge and his attitude because he is willing to learn from somebody else.

He's willing to listen to the spirit's teachings.

And again, this shows his change because he is not that really persistently grim character, that very stubborn and anti-social character that we met in Stave 1.

We see him as a much more of an open and more kind of impressionable character in this stave.

So let's do a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like you to do here is match Scrooge's reaction up to the correct ghost.

So what I've done is I've put all of the ghosts that Scrooge has met thus far on the left, and then some of his reactions to these ghosts on the right, and it's your job to match up the reaction to the ghost that it occurs with.

So I'm going to invite you to pause the video while you have a go at that activity now.

Fantastic.

Let's start going through the answers.

So well done If you identified that Scrooge, when Scrooge demands to know who the spirit is, but does inquire as to what business brought him here, that is his response to the Ghost of Christmas Past in Stave 2.

Now in Stave 3, we meet the Ghost of Christmas Present, and Scrooge responds to him with fear, but he also actively seeks him out.

Because remember, the light shines on him and then he has to go and discover the source of the light.

When the Spirit commands him to come in, Scrooge obeys his commands, which again shows he's a little bit more receptive.

And finally, when he meets Marley's ghost, his reaction is much more cold and it's much more typical of the Scrooge that we saw in Stave 1 because he's so terrified of the spirit that he actually raises his voice at him, and he's quite unpleasant to Marley's ghost when he visit him.

He's also really sceptical as to the validity of the ghost that's standing in front of him.

So that's interesting to note as well.

So what I'd like you to do now is I'd like you to think, well, how does Scrooge's response to the Ghost of Christmas Present compared to his responses to the other ghosts? What do you notice about the way that he responds to this ghost versus the way that he's responded historically to the other two ghosts? So pause the video while you decide what the difference is.

And a massive well done if you identified that actually Scrooge is most receptive to the Ghost of Christmas Present.

And we start to see his transformation and the fact that his attitudes are changing through his responses to the ghosts.

Because in Stave 3, he is much more open to listening to what the ghost has to say to him, whereas when he first meets Marley's ghost, he's very demanding to know who Marley's ghost is and what business he wants with him.

So it's a much more hostile response than his response to the Ghost of Christmas Present, and this shows that he's becoming more reflective and more introspective.

So well done if you got that.

So onto our second task of the lesson.

And as I'm sure you can see, there is a fantastic drawing of the Ghost of Christmas Present on screen for you.

I would like you to label this drawing of the ghost with quotations from the text.

You will then annotate these quotations with what they show you about the ghost and what he represents.

So I'm looking for you to label each aspect of the picture with the corresponding quote from the text, and then think, well, what does this show me about the ghost? Or what does the ghost embody here? So as an example, we can see that the illustration of the ghost has the glowing torch that he bears in the extract.

So we've put that, quote, "bore a glowing torch," 'cause that corresponds to the picture.

And then we've started to think, well, what does that show us? And it shows us here that he's willing, he's there to guide Scrooge, okay? Because light represents hope and fire represents generosity.

And again, another example, in the text we're told that the spirit is surrounded by a mighty blaze that went roaring up the chimney.

And again, this shows the ghost's generosity because we know that fire symbolises generosity in the text.

So over to you now, use the text to annotate the picture with quotations and then consider what they show you about the ghost and therefore what he represents.

So I'm going to encourage you to pause the video now while you fill your picture full of annotations and quotations.

So off you go.

Fantastic.

And I even needed to go onto a second sheet because you'd written so much.

So I'm really impressed with that.

So here are some annotations that you might have made.

So first of all, we're told that the ghost is surrounded by crisp leaves of ivy, holly, and missile toe, and that these reflected back the light as if so many little mirrors had been scattered there.

Now, in terms of what this represents, well we know that all of these plants, so holly, mistletoe, and ivy, they're all associated with Christmas.

So that shows that the spirit is embodying Christmas spirit and Christmas tradition here.

The comparison that Dickens draws between the light and mirrors is really symbolic as well, because mirrors links to the idea of reflection.

So Dickens is suggesting that the purpose of the Ghost of Christmas Present is almost to hold a mirror up to Scrooge's life and show him what a miserable and miserly life he's been living.

So again, this ghost represents reflection and introspection.

And again, on the other side, we see these ample falls of the garment, okay? So we see that in the illustration, the spirit's wearing like a large robe.

And the fact that the robe has ample folds, so it's generously sized, again, that illustrates his generosity and reflects this idea of abundance and having enough of everything to go around and being charitable.

So the ghost's dress here also reflects his character.

The ghost is described as a jolly giant, glorious to see.

And we can see that in the comparison here between the size of the ghost versus Scrooge.

Dickens describes him physically quite generously, like he's a very large character, and that reflects his generous nature as well.

And again, that word glorious means godly or close to God.

So again here, we see the spirit's pure intentions and the fact that he's here almost to convey the Christian message of Christmas values to Scrooge.

You also might have identified that the spirit holds this cornucopia, which is inner shape, not unlike Plenty's horn.

And he holds it up high, high up to shed its light on Scrooge.

So here, the comparison of the cornucopia to Plenty's horn makes this a symbol of abundance, okay? And the spirit is a direct criticism of Malthusian values.

Because Malthus, if you remember, was really concerned over the sustainability of the population, and he felt that we didn't have enough food to sustain the growing population.

But here, the spirit directly contradicts that because he's all about abundance and he represents generosity.

So this is Dickens saying, "Actually, we don't have a problem with food sustainability.

If we just share our food out, there's more than enough to go around." So here, Dickens uses that comparison of the cornucopia to Plenty's horn, to directly criticise Malthusian ideologies.

Again, the spirit's dark brown curls were long and free, free is its genial face, and that represents the emotional freedom of the spirit, okay? And it contrasts with Scrooge's emotional repression.

We know in Stave 1 that Scrooge is not a character who tends to express his feelings very well.

And when he does, it's limited to frustration or anger.

However, the spirit is a very kind of affectionate and loving character.

He isn't afraid to hide his emotions.

And that's something that Dickens really celebrates about the spirit here.

Again, we've got this open hand, and that directly contrasts with Scrooge's tight-fisted nature in Stave 1.

So again, the spirit and Scrooge are being juxtaposed with one another because where a Scrooge is a miser and he holds onto his wealth and holds it away, the spirit is really generous and the spirit is very charitable with all the resources that he has, the food, the time, the love that he has.

So the spirit here has sparkling eyes, and these directly contrast with Scrooge's red eyes from Stave 1.

And what Dickens is trying to illustrate about the spirit here is that he's this really moral, cheerful, and generous character, and that's indicated through the softness of his sparkling eyes.

He's also described as having a cheery voice, which again, contrasts with a grating voice from Stave 1, because we know that Dickens uses characters' voices to reflect their personalities.

So just like Fezziwig and Fred, the spirit has a very cheerful voice to reflect his Christmas spirit.

Carrying on, the fact that he wears a green robe, and I said we would get onto colour symbolism, so here we go.

That green is representative of new shoots in spring, which could suggest that he represents a new beginning for Scrooge or a rebirth for Scrooge because of his redemption.

So the green here is really symbolic of his purpose, which is there to help Scrooge become a new and better person.

Again, his breast was bare.

So his bare chest represents how open-hearted he is.

And again, it's this idea of him not being emotionally repressed in the same way that Scrooge is.

He's willing to lay his feelings bare, and that contrast with Scrooge's frosty nature.

All the food and drink that surrounds the ghost, which is listed in the most spectacular manner by Dickens, that all represents abundance, okay? This idea that there's more than enough, there's a plentiful supply of food to go around.

So again, this makes the spirit a direct contradiction of Malthusian ideology.

And Dickens is harshly criticising people like Scrooge who genuinely believe Malthus' theories about population growth and the fact that we wouldn't have enough food to sustain people, because actually what's been suggested is that there's more than enough food to go around if it is shared equally.

So all the food that surrounds the Ghost of Christmas Present illustrates not only his generosity, but also acts as a criticism of Malthusian ideologies that pervaded Victorian society in the 19th century.

And finally, the spirit's robe is described as a simple green robe or mantle, bordered with white fur.

Now this whole depiction of the Ghost of Christmas Present might look somewhat familiar to you, especially if you were to swap the colour green with the colour red, because it's reminiscent of the modern-day Father Christmas.

When we think about Father Christmas, we think of him as this really jolly figure clad in red, with a white fur cuffs, okay? This is very similar to the way that Dickens portrays the Ghost of Christmas Present, and that's actually because the figure of Father Christmas was growing in popularity during the early Victorian period.

The difference, however, is that when Father Christmas was depicted in the early Victorian period, he was always depicted wearing green to symbolise like new spring shoots and new beginnings, whereas now, we often associate Father Christmas with the colour red.

However, that would not have been the case in the Victorian era.

So contemporary readers reading this text in the 19th century, this would've screamed Father Christmas to them.

So Dickens does that on purpose.

And the reason that he does that is because this ghost is an embodiment of Father Christmas.

Again in the Victorian period, father Christmas didn't wear a hat, he wore a wreath of holly around his head.

And we can see that here in Dickens' depiction of the Ghost of Christmas Present as well.

And again, another really common theme in depictions of Father Christmas in the Victorian era was that he was depicted surrounded by food and drink.

And again, we see that here with the Ghost of Christmas Present.

So here, the Ghost of Christmas Present is really symbolic of a Victorian Father Christmas, and Dickens does that to show us that he embodies Christmas spirit and that he represents the true value of Christmas.

So well done if you've got all those annotations and make sure you've included any that you were missing.

So to summarise today's learning, we know that Scrooge meets the Ghost of Christmas Present, who is a jolly figure who closely resembles the Victorian depictions of Father Christmas.

Initially, Scrooge is frightened of the spirit, but he is receptive to his teachings because he obeys his commands.

The spirit shows Scrooge different festive scenes from around the world, including that of his nephew and his clerk's celebrations.

We've just established that the spirit represents generosity and abundance, and is a direct contradiction or criticism of Malthusian concerns about food supply shortages.

Thank you very much for attending today's lesson.

It has been amazing to read Stave 3 with you and then discuss the Ghost of Christmas Present's appearance in a lot more detail.

I've really enjoyed it and I hope you have too.

Have a fantastic rest of your day, and I will see you later.