Hello, and welcome to today's lesson.

I'm Mrs. Buttsworth, and I'll be guiding you through the learning.

Now, this lesson is all about looking at what makes a powerful speech, and we are going to be using Malala's Nobel Prize speech.

Now, Malala was the youngest person ever to win the Nobel Peace Prize, and her speech is pretty impressive for that occasion.

So shall we get started? So by the end of the lesson, you will be able to identify and explain what makes a powerful speech.

So we've got our keywords here that will be helpful in our understanding of the learning.

So those words are activist, advocacy, rapport, credible, and obligation.

So what is an activist? An activist is someone who is actively engaged in bringing about social, political, or environmental change.

So if you see someone speaking out about a particular issue, we could say that they are an activist, so they are actively engaged.

So Malala, for instance, is heralded as an activist who talks about peace.

So what about advocacy? So advocacy is all about speaking or acting on behalf of oneself or others to promote a cause or idea.

So if you advocate something, you are promoting it or talking about it.

So Malala, for instance, is an advocate of peace.

Then we have this word rapport.

Now this word is very important when we're thinking about a writer and their audience and how they establish a connection.

Because a rapport means to create and establish a positive connection between a writer or speaker and their audience.

So when we are looking at the Malala speech today, have a little think about how she's creating that rapport with the audience.

And credible, so if you are being credible, you are being trustworthy and believable.

Very often we hear the word credible when we're talking about sources, for example.

So is that news source, is that news story from a credible source? So is it trustworthy? Is it believable? And then obligation, an obligation is a duty or responsibility that someone is required to fulfil.

So if you are obliged to do something, you have to do it, basically.

So the outline of our lesson, "Understanding What Makes a Powerful Speech," looks like this.

We're going to start by reading Malala's Nobel speech, and then we're going to move on to look at this idea of logos, ethos, and pathos, and how it can be used in persuasive speeches.

So let's start.

So here is an image of Malala Yousafzai.

She's an amazing example of how language can be used for change.

And I'm sure some of you have heard her name or seen her image before.

You may even have seen clips of her speak.

Now, for those of you that don't know, she is a Pakistani activist, known for her advocacy of girls' education.

She survived an assassination attempt by the Taliban in 2012.

And, now this is incredibly impressive, Malala is the youngest Nobel Prize laureate.

She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 at the age of just 17, which is pretty impressive.

And she co-authored the memoir, "I Am Malala," which recounts her fight for education.

And this was a top-selling book in a lot of countries, again, which is so impressive for someone of her age.

So at the start of her speech, Malala addresses her audience.

So let's have a look at that.

She says, "Your Majesties, your Royal Highnesses, distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee." And I'd like you just to discuss how might Malala need to adapt her language for this audience.

So have a little look at that audience, Majesties, Royal Highnesses, the Nobel Committee, and have a think about what rhetorical devices might she use.

So you're going to need to pause the video to give yourself time to discuss those questions, or you may wish to just think quietly to yourself.

Okay, off you go.

Excellent.

Well done.

Lots of you noticed who she was addressing and the importance of that.

So someone said that, "She may use anecdotes to connect and engage with her audience, especially as people are interested in her personal experiences." So if we think about Malala, she is famous for, you know, what she's been through, and sharing her experiences, and using them to inspire people and to advocate for change.

So she may talk about these experiences in a personal way to engage her audience.

Now, if we consider the status of her audience, now there's some very high status mentions there.

We've got Majesties, Royal Highnesses, the Nobel Committee, so we can tell this is also a formal setting.

She may use polite and diplomatic language.

She's unlikely to go in there sort of shouting at them or being confrontational.

She's accepting an award, and it's a formal setting, so she's more likely to be diplomatic and polite.

And she may refer to her universal values, like education and peace, which we know are incredibly important to her activism.

And this will help to unite her audience as well, because she wants them to understand the importance of the education, of education and peace.

And this links to her own activism as well.

Okay, so thinking about what we know about Malala, what is the primary focus of Malala Yousafzai's advocacy? Is it A, B, C, or D? Okay, we ready for the answer? It is, that's right, women's rights and education.

And we've got that key word there, advocacy.

So Malala is all about advocating for women's rights and education.

Before you read the speech, let's read the first part together.

So here it is, let's read together.

"I am proud, well, in fact, I am very proud to be the first Pashtun, the first Pakistani, and the youngest person to receive this award.

Along with that, I am pretty certain I'm also the first recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize who still fights with her younger brothers.

I want there to be peace everywhere, but my brothers and I are still working on that." Okay, so we've read the first part together.

Now I would like you to discuss the following questions.

What is the purpose of this text? What rhetorical devices are used? And how does Malala want the audience to react? Okay, get ready to pause the video so you've got plenty of time to discuss your ideas, or just think quietly about your answers.

Okay, pause the video and off you go.

Okay, great.

Let's just share some answers together.

So the primary purpose is to express gratitude for this award.

So lots of you picked up on the idea that it's an acceptance speech, and the expectations of such a speech is that they are engaging and interesting.

So you want them to be entertaining as well as having other purposes.

So therefore, Malala adheres to the conventions of the acceptance speech, but she does also use this moment to advocate for peace and change.

So there's always a dual purpose here.

So there's the acceptance speech, which she wants to be entertaining and engaging, but she also wants to advocate and use this as a moment to promote her activism.

So it's also this purpose to persuade as well.

Now, Malala uses a first person account.

We can see that.

So she uses that pronoun I.

And not only does this conform to the conventions of a speech, but it also engages and creates a rapport with the audience.

So it makes the audience feel part of Malala's story.

They're interested, they're engaged, they want to know more about her.

And I think what's really clever about Malala's speech is that she references her young age and she uses a humorous personal anecdote.

So she talks about fighting with her brothers, which not only references her age, but also links to her activism on peace.

So this makes the speech entertaining and presents Malala as personable.

Okay, true or false time.

Malala's speech has a serious tone throughout.

Is this true or false? Well done for everyone that said false.

That's absolutely right.

So now you need to select A or B.

Okay, the answer is B, that's right.

Malala uses humorous anecdotes to conform to the conventions of the speech and create a rapport with the audience.

So even though there are serious moments in this speech, she still offers a lighthearted and humorous tone at times, which makes it really engaging.

Okay, so now it's over to you to do your task A.

So I'd like you to find Malala's speech, which is in the additional materials, and I'd like you to read it, please.

But as you read, I also want you to complete these tasks.

What do you consider to be the most engaging line and why? What rhetorical devices can you find? And why does Malala include them? What is the main message Malala conveys regarding education in her speech? You'll need to summarise in no more than two sentences.

And then finally, this is all about your opinion.

Do you think Malala achieves her purpose of being entertaining whilst also raising awareness and inspiring change? Okay, so you're gonna need to pause the video so you've got time to complete this task.

Make sure you've got pens, laptops, or any way that you prefer to work, and be ready to complete those questions, off you go.

Well done, everyone.

Excellent reading.

It's a really interesting speech, isn't it? I think it's really amazing what Malala has done, not only with engaging and entertaining the audience, but also really putting forward her important messages.

So it's such an impressive speech.

So let's just share some of our answers.

So we have some of our Oak pupils here, and I just want to see what they have come up with.

So that first question, what do you consider to be the most engaging line and why? So you may have lots of different answers, and that's fine as long as you can justify it.

So thank you very much, Jacob.

He picked the line, "It is for those frightened children who want peace." That's a really good choice.

And he says it's because he, "found the imagery really emotive." It really is, isn't it? "And it made me realise that the reality for those in other countries can be frightening and uncertain.

I understand why Malala would speak so passionately about the situation." And this is such a good line to pick because, yes, it's Malala really using that emotive language, that emotive imagery, to really make people understand what is going on.

Okay, what rhetorical devices can you find? And why does Malala use them? Thank you very much, Alex.

Alex has quite rightly picked out the rule of three, and this really emphasises that urgency for peace.

And she also uses the pronoun we to create a sense of shared responsibility.

Oh, there's more, well done.

So, Malala's use of imperative sentences create a powerful tone.

So remember those imperative sentences give orders.

They almost sound like a command.

And I think that's really a really good sentence to use throughout your persuasive speeches.

And the use of personal anecdotes and humour creates a rapport with the audience.

Lovely use of the key word there, rapport.

Yes, absolutely.

It's much more warm, inviting, and engaging, isn't it? Using those personal anecdotes.

Okay, so what is the main message Malala conveys regarding education in her speech? Summarise in no more than two sentences.

So again, you may have something different.

That's fine.

Let's just use our pupils here to compare.

So, "Malala stresses that every child, no matter their gender or circumstances, deserve the opportunity for quality education." Quite right.

"She calls for action to make this a reality, emphasising education's ability to bring positive change to individuals and communities." That's a really lovely summary from Izzy there, so very well done.

And if you need to add to your summary, now's the time to do it.

Okay, now again, this is an opinion.

So do you think Malala achieves her purpose of being entertaining whilst also raising awareness and inspiring change? So Sophia says that, "Yes, Malala achieves her purpose by captivating," that's a nice word, isn't it, captivating, "her audience with personal anecdotes and humour." Absolutely, so it makes her speeches engaging while effectively raising awareness about the importance of education and inspiring others to take action towards positive change.

Yeah, it's really clever at doing that, isn't it? Because it is engaging and it is entertaining, but there's also such an important serious message behind what Malala is saying, excellent.

So we have reached the second part of our lesson.

And we're now going to look at this idea of logos, ethos, and pathos in a persuasive speech.

So some of you may have heard these terms before.

And if you haven't, that's fine, you will understand by the end of this part of the lesson.

So let's keep going.

Okay, so I'd like you to discuss, please.

What do you know about the words, logos, ethos, and pathos? And can you provide a definition? Now, some of you may not have heard of these words before, which is fine.

Perhaps you could grab a dictionary, or use another resource to see if you can find out what those words mean.

You may want to just look at the words if you don't know what they mean, and maybe have a guess, like make some connections.

So logos is a bit like logically or logic.

So what could that suggest about that word? But just discuss what you know, see if you can find some information, and if you can provide a definition.

Okay, off you go.

Okay, fantastic.

So there were some really lovely uses of dictionaries there to look it up, but also lots of you already knowing what those terms are from previous learning.

So that's fantastic.

So let's just feed back to make sure we all know what logos, ethos, and pathos means.

Aisha says that, "These words refer to Aristotle's idea that rhetoric needs the elements of logos, ethos, and pathos to be successful." Excellent.

That's true.

So we're thinking about this idea of persuasive writing and how it needs these elements.

Oh, Jin's had a bit of a reminder there, "Oh yes, I remember." So he's remembered that logos means to appeal to an audience's sense of logic and reason.

So when you use things like facts and statistics, or true information, this would appeal to this ideal of logos.

Excellent, well done.

And then ethos is a little bit more tricky, but this, "Ethos persuades the speaker by establishing themself as credible, knowledgeable, and a good moral character." So if you see someone referring to themselves as an expert on something, then we can talk about this idea of using ethos.

So it's about credibility, you know, being knowledgeable, and also being a good moral character, so they know what's right and what's wrong, we can look up to them.

And I think Malala does this very well in her speech.

And then that's right, Aisha, "That just leaves pathos, and this is all about appealing to people's emotions." So pathos is a really important one, and it really creates an emotional response.

And I'm sure already some of you are thinking about moments in that Malala speech where pathos is created.

Okay, so we have quite a tricky question here, but I know you're gonna give it a really good go, and I'm sure you can come up with lots of answers.

So what I want us to do is I want you to consider logos, ethos, and pathos, and considering how they would be useful for writers like Malala who are advocating for change.

So think about each of those elements.

Remind yourselves of the definitions of logos, ethos, and pathos, and how might each element really help a writer to persuade an audience.

Okay, so pause the video so you've got plenty of time to answer this question.

I really look forward to seeing what you come up with.

Off you go.

Okay, right.

So well done, everyone.

Some excellent suggestions coming up there of how each element can be used really usefully.

So let's feed back some of those.

So by using those different elements, it gives writers different ways of speaking to their reader, and each one has a specific strength, absolutely.

So if we think about pathos, it creates emotions like empathy or compassion, and this can be really persuasive, can't we? So if we're thinking about Malala's speech, you know, she talks about frightened children, which is very emotive, and really uses pathos to create that reaction from the audience.

But we wouldn't want the whole speech to be like that, would we? We don't want a whole speech of pathos or emotion.

There needs to be some different layers to it, if you like.

So pathos is really good about appealing to the emotional side of an audience.

And quite rightly, using logos and presenting statistics and facts can make an argument really convincing.

So yeah, putting forward information, or, yeah, putting forward information can be really convincing, can't it? And quite rightly, what Alex has said here is, "Particularly when it is added to ethos, and you have credible experts with knowledge and authority of the subject," it becomes really convincing.

You know, if you are able, or even if you are a, or even if you are an expert yourself, so using your expertise and using ethos to then present some facts and figures can be incredibly persuasive.

And I think Malala does this really well too.

And I think this is absolutely right.

I think ethos is incredibly useful when considering an argument like Malala's because she presents education as a moral obligation, and this appeals to an audience's sense of right and wrong.

So her argument sounds credible.

No one's going to deny that education is important.

So she's using that logos to present the facts on education, and then using the ethos, her experience, her credibility on this subject, to put forward that persuasive argument.

And it really establishes Malala as this moral leader, that she's this credible person that knows right and wrong, and can present that in a persuasive way.

Okay, so over to you now.

I'd like you to match the words, logos, ethos, and pathos, to their correct definition.

So pause the video so you've got time to do this, and just make sure you know which one goes with which.

Okay, pause the video.

Off you go.

Okay, brilliant, let's just check that we've all got the same answers.

So logos is absolutely to establish a sense of credibility and authority.

Ethos, to persuade an audience by using ethics or drawing on a moral argument.

And pathos is to create an emotive response, appealing to an audience's feelings.

So we want to try and use these elements to appeal to different readers, to appeal to different audiences, and also different aspects of audiences.

So Malala is very effective at using logos, ethos, and pathos.

So first, I'm going to show you where she uses logos and why it is effective.

So we've got one quotation here.

"Things did not remain the same.

When I was in Swat, which was a place of tourism and beauty, it suddenly changed into a place of terrorism." And then, "Education is one of the blessings of life, and one of its necessities." So very logical arguments there being put forward by Malala.

And what this does is Malala provides factual evidence of her hometown's transformation due to terrorism, logically highlighting the impact on education and society.

It is a logical argument.

She's presenting what has happened.

And she logically asserts that education is both a blessing and a vital need for individuals to succeed.

So her argument is incredibly logical, which makes it very persuasive.

It's difficult to argue with someone when they have got such a logical argument, using information to back up their ideas.

So let's think about another of Malala's quotes.

She says, "It is for those frightened children who want peace." So this appeals to the audience's emotions, which means it is using what? Logos, ethos, or pathos, A, B, or C, what do we think? Okay, has everyone got C? That's right.

Pathos, yes.

That emotional appeal, that emotional, that emotional response from the audience is using pathos.

Okay, so what I would like you to do now, because this is our second task, so it's all over to you, I would like you to use the following grid to explain how Malala uses ethos and pathos in her speech.

So we've looked at logos together, so you may want to go back and look at that example to help you fill out this grid to do with ethos and pathos.

So make sure you've got that speech in front of you to find those key quotations, and I look forward to seeing what you've come up with.

Are we ready to pause the video, everyone? Okay, great.

Pause the video and off you go.

Well done, everyone, some really excellent work happening there.

Let's just share some ideas.

Now, you may have written something different, which is absolutely fine.

So you can just use this as an opportunity to check your own work, or you may want to even add to your grids using some of these ideas.

So let's go for ethos first.

So the two quotes that I have here are these, "I am proud, well in fact, I am very proud to be the first Pashtun, the first Pakistani, and the youngest person to achieve this award," sounds very authoritative, doesn't she? And she says, "I was named after the inspirational Malala of Maiwand, who is the Pashtun Joan of Arc." So the effect is, is this absolutely establishes credibility and authority, you know, because she highlights her unique background and achievements.

It's very difficult to argue with someone who's like, "Hey, I'm the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner." I think you know that ethos, the fact that she's presenting herself as an expert, absolutely works in being persuasive.

And then she also references her namesake.

So Malala involves a sense of tradition and heroism, which again, bolsters her credibility as someone with a strong cultural heritage and historical significance.

So she's really good at using her experiences and her stories to really present herself as someone who is credible and authoritative.

She's a very difficult person to argue with, and is very persuasive because of this.

Okay, so for pathos, you may have written the following.

So we've talked about this quote quite a lot.

"It is for those frightened children who want peace.

It is for those voiceless children who want change." And, "Some people call me the girl who was shot by the Taliban, and some, the girl who fought for her rights." So what is the effect of this? So I think, you know, it definitely appeals to the audience's emotions by evoking empathy for marginalised children, stirring up those feelings of compassion and urgency, like it's such a powerful image, the frightened children who are desperate for peace, that it's so persuasive, isn't it? There's no way we can challenge that image, that use of pathos.

And again, she shares her own personal experiences, which really highlight the adversity she has faced.

So not only does she get sympathy from the audience, but also absolute admiration.

So this really appeals to the audience emotions and rallies support for the case because you just want to get behind her.

So she's really clever at using these elements to persuade and rally her audience successfully.

It's a really fantastic speech.

So we have reached the end of the lesson.

Well done, everyone.

I really hope you've enjoyed looking at this speech.

It is such a great example of an entertaining but persuasive speech.

And I just think Malala is such an incredible human being.

All that she has been through and all that she has achieved is just so truly inspiring.

So let's just remind ourselves of everything that we have gone through.

So Malala's speech demonstrates that text can have multiple purposes in order to engage an audience.

Malala demonstrates an effective use of humour alongside her important messages of education and peace.

Like Malala, successful speeches engage their audiences through a range of rhetorical devices.

Logos, ethos, and pathos give writers different ways of speaking to their readers.

So fantastic work, everyone.

Can't wait to see you all again soon.

So until then, goodbye.