Hello, everyone, it's lovely to see you here today.

My name's Dr.

Clayton and I'm here to guide you through your learning journey today.

So, today's lesson's called, "Romeo and Juliet: Violence, Honour and Social Hierarchy in Act one, Scene Five." We're going to focus on Tybalt and Lord Capulet's language in Act One, scene five, and how it shows the link between violence and honour, but also what it reveals about the hierarchy in society.

So, if you're ready, grab your pen and laptop, whatever you're using for this lesson, and let's get started.

So, by the end of the lesson, you'll be able to explain how violence, honour, and social hierarchy are presented in Act one, scene five of, "Romeo and Juliet." So, we have four words today we're going to be using as our key words.

They'll be identified in bold throughout the learning material and I'll try to point them out as well, so can see them being used in context.

So our first keyword is honour, which means a quality that combines respect, being proud and honesty.

And our second keyword is dishonour, which means a state of shame or disgrace.

We're going to be focusing on how Shakespeare represents Tybalt in honour in Act one, scene five, and how he sees Romeo's actions as dishonourable.

Our third keyword is hierarchy, which means a system which people or things are arranged according to their importance.

We're going to be thinking about how Lord Capulet's language in Act one, scene five reveals that he's higher in the social hierarchy than Tybalt.

Our final keyword is belittle, which means dismiss someone or something as unimportant.

We're going to be thinking about how Lord Capulet's language establishes his authority over Tybalt by belittling him.

So I'll just give you a moment to write down those key words and their definitions.

So pause video, write them down now.

Fantastic, let's get started with the lesson.

So we have three learning cycles in our lesson today.

For our first learning cycle, we're going to be thinking about how Shakespeare represents violence as an integral part of Tybalt's character.

For our second learning cycle, we're going to be thinking about Tybalt and the concept of honour, and how he sees honour as not only integral part of his identity, but also how he sees his family honour.

For our third learning cycle, we're going to look at how Shakespeare establishes Lord Capulet as higher on the social hierarchy than Tybalt, and how he demonstrates his authority over him through his language.

So today we're focusing on act one, scene five.

So let's begin with a short summary of the scene.

So Lord Capulet's throwing a ball, Romeo, although uninvited, attends the ball and meets Juliet for the first time.

If you remember, this is something that Benvolio and Mercutio encouraged him to do because they believed it would help him get over his love for Rosaline.

Tybalt wants to challenge Romeo to duel when he sees him in attendance because he sees Romeo's presence as dishonourable.

Lord Capulet, however, forbids Tybalt from doing anything to Romeo, despite the fact he's a Montague.

Now, when he hears Romeo Tybalt says, "This, by his voice, should be a Montague.

Fetch me my rapier, boy.

What, dares the slave.

Come hither covered with an antic face.

To fleer and scorn at our solemnity? Now, by the stock and honour of my kin, to strike him dead I hold it not a sin." So here, Tybalt's calling for a sword and threatened to kill Romeo for attending the party.

Now, we're going to zoom in on aspects of this speech in more detail throughout this first learning cycle.

So, upon hearing a Montague, Tybalt immediately calls for his rapier, his sword.

So, what I'd like you to think about is what does this suggest about Tybalt and violence if his first actions to call for a sword? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

As Izzy says, I think it shows his first reaction to situations is violence, he sees it as a solution to problems. Now, let's think about Tybalt and the feud.

Specifically, Tybalt says, "A Montague." He doesn't know who it is, yet he still responds with a violent action.

So, what I'd like you to think about is what does this suggest about Tybalt and the feud against the Montagues? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

Now as Sam says, "I think it shows he sees the Montagues as part of a whole rather than individuals.

They're all considered his enemy because of their family name." So he considers all of the Montagues to be extension of their family.

Now this is possibly one of the reasons the feud is still continuing between the families.

It's directed at the family as a whole rather than a specific person.

So it's never ending because there'll always be more family members.

So now for a quick check for understanding, what I'd like you to do is tell me whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false that Shakespeare presents Tybalt as a violent character in Act one, scene five? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Correct answer is true.

Now I'd like you to tell me why it's true.

So pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone.

You might have said, "By immediately calling for his rapier, Shakespeare presents violence as Tybalt's first reaction to situations.

He sees it as a way to solve problems." So very well done if you've got those right.

So now, let's think about how Shakespeare's constructed Tybalt's language.

Let's look again at Tybalt's speech in Act one, scene five.

"This, by his voice should be a Montague.

Fetch me my rapier, boy.

What, dares the slave.

Come hither covered with an antic face.

To fleer and scorn at our solemnity? Now, by the stock and honour of my kin, to strike him dead I hold it not a sin." So what I'd like you to think about is where does Tybalt use rhyme in this speech? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone.

Now the final two lines rhyme, kin, rhymes with sin.

Now, typically in Romeo and Juliet, Tybalt speaks in blank verse.

So it's unrhymed iambic pentameter.

However, he does use rhyme when he is talking about violence.

So for example, when he says, "Now by the stock and honour of my kin, to strike him dead I hold it not a sin." Tybalt's talking about killing Romeo.

So, before we start analysing what the rhyme might suggest about Tybalt, let's first think about what ideas we associate with rhyming words and a regular rhyme scheme.

So pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone.

You might have thought that a rhyme creates a sing-song, sort of nursery rhyme effect and how this might link to ideas of happiness.

You also might have thought it could link to ideas of peace and control.

Because irregular rhyme means things are staying the same and stable.

There's not the same chaos associated with an irregular rhyme scheme because we have a pattern running through the lines.

So now for a quick check for understanding, which of the following do we normally associate with the use of rhyme? Is it A, chaotic feelings? B, feelings of control? Or C, feelings of happiness? Pause a video that a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone.

Now a regular rhyme means there's a pattern.

So we associate it with control and it also creates a sing-song effect that we might associate with feelings of happiness.

So very well done if you've got those right.

Fantastic work everyone, we're done with the first task of the lesson.

Now, in act one, scene five Tybalt uses rhyming words when he is talking about violence.

"Now, by the stock and honour of my kin, to strike him dead I hold it not a sin." So he's using rhyme to talk about killing Romeo.

Typically though, Tybalt speaks in blank verse.

So it's unrhymed iambic pentameter.

So what I'd like you to discuss is what might the significance of Tybalt using rhyming words to talk about violence be? Think about what emotions we might associate with a regular rhyme.

So pause the video, take a few minutes to discuss.

Welcome back everyone, some fantastic discussions there.

What I'd like you to do is think about Laura and Alex's ideas, whose ideas align more closely with your ideas? So Laura said, "I associate rhyme with control.

So maybe violence makes Tybalt feel in control." And Alex said, "I think of rhyme as representing a sense of peace and stability.

So maybe, ironically, Tybalt feels most at home when talking about violence.

It indicates it's violent nature." So pause video, think about whose ideas align more closely with your ideas.

Welcome back everyone.

Now I think this is why it's so important to look at the structure of a character's lines, as well as the actual words they say.

The way it's structured can reveal so much about their emotions and how we are meant to interpret the character.

Amazing work everyone.

We're now in the second working cycle where we're going to look at how Shakespeare presents Tybalt and the concept of honour.

Now, throughout the scene, Tybalt repeatedly calls Romeo a villain for attending the party uninvited.

So what I'd like you to think about is what does this reveal about how Tybalt sees Romeo's actions? What connotations does the word villain have? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone.

Now, a villain is the antagonist, the evil in a story.

So we might then think that Tybalt sees Romeo's actions as dishonourable through the comparison.

Now dishonour means a state of shame or disgrace.

So we might say that Tybalt comparison of Romeo to a villain implies that Romeo's dishonourable actions make him immoral and or a criminal.

So now for a quick check for understanding, what I'd like you to do is tell me whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false that Tybalt considers Rome's actions to be honourable? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Now the correct answer is false.

Now I'd like you to tell me why it's false.

So pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone.

You might have said, by repeatedly calling him a, "Villain," Tybalt indicates that Romeo's actions are dishonourable.

So very well done if you got those right.

Now, when talking about Romeo's dishonourable actions, Tybalt says his purpose is to fleer, so sneer and scorn at their solemnity, their occasion.

So he's saying that Romeo is there to scorn their party.

Now, what I'd like you to think about is the fact that Tybalt here says, "Our" rather than my.

So it's our party, the Capulet party rather than my party.

Now what do you think this suggests about how Tybalt see's family honour? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

As Sofia says, "I think it suggests his honour is tied to his family's honour.

To insult one of them, it's to insult all of them." It's similar to what we said earlier about how Tybalt sees all of the Montagues as the enemy.

He sees families as existing as one singular entity rather than having separate individual parts.

Now specifically, Tybalt is sure that Romeo is there to fleer, so sneer and scorn at the Capulet ball and wants to kill him for it.

So what I'd like you to think about is what does this suggest about how Tybalt sees the concept of honour? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

As Aisha says, "I think he sees it as something incredibly important to him.

It's worth killing over." He has no hesitation over his declaration about killing Romeo.

He sees it as a natural and right reaction to Romeo coming to the party uninvited.

Now let's think about the sounds within Tybalt's language.

I love looking at the use of sound because I really think it can enhance or alter our perception of a text.

It creates an atmosphere that really elevates the language.

Now, within the scene, Tybalt used a lot of fricative sounds when talking about honour.

Now, fricative sounds are usually associated with letters such as F, S, and V in which the air passes through a narrow channel made with the teeth and lips to create the sound.

So saying V, for example, means you have to close your mouth to make the sound.

Now this is a tricky question.

What I'd like you to think about is what might the connection between honour and sounds created by a narrow channel suggest about Tybalt and honour.

So think about the narrowness and how that might connect Tybalt's perception of the world around him.

Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone, that was a really tricky question.

I had some fantastic ideas there.

Now potentially, the narrowness might lead you to think, it's just that Tybalt's views on honour narrow his worldview.

So he has a very limited and restricted view on how honour works in society.

You also might have thought about the fact that closing your mouth to make the sound leaves no room for anything else.

So maybe it's just his views on honour are all consuming.

So now for a quick check for understanding.

Which of the following is true of Tybalt's views on honour? A, he doesn't see it as an important quality.

B, he sees it as incredibly important quality.

Or C, he sees his honour as tied to his family's honour.

Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Now, Tybalt is willing to kill for honour.

So we know he sees it as an incredibly important quality and he sees Romeo's presence as dishonouring the whole Capulet family.

So he sees his honour as tied to his family's honour.

So very well done if you got this right.

Fantastic work everyone, we're now on to the second task of the lesson.

Now, I'd like to think about Tybalt's following lines.

"Now by the stock and honour of my kin, to strike him dead I hold it not a sin." So here, Tybalt's saying the ancestry and honour of his family means he doesn't see killing Romeo as a sin.

So what I'd like you to discuss is what does this reveal but how Tybalt sees the concept of honour.

Pause the video, take a few minutes to discuss.

Welcome back everyone, some great discussions there.

Now what I'd like you to do is think about Lucas' ideas and how well they align with your ideas.

So Lucas said, "I think it suggests that Tybalt sees a slight on his family honour as justification for murder.

It implies he values honour over religion and the law.

For him, honour takes precedence over everything else." So pause the video, think about how well Luke's ideas align with your ideas.

Welcome back everyone.

Now I think what we've said so far in this lesson about Tybalt, and violence, and honour is so important because it helps to understand his actions in the play and why he acts the way he does.

To us, it may seem an overreaction to want to duel someone over attending a party.

But for Tybalt, we can see how integral violence and honour are to his identity, and therefore his reaction then starts to make sense to us.

Amazing work everyone.

We're now on to the third working cycle.

We're going to think about how Lord Capulet establishes his authority over Tybalt through his language.

Now, despite Tybalt seeing Romeo's presence as dishonouring him and the Capulets, Lord Capulet doesn't agree.

Lord Caplet says, "Content thee, gentle coz.

Leave him alone." And Tybalt responds, "I'll not endure him." Lord Capulet then asserts authority over Tybalt.

So, Lord Capulet's telling Tybalt to leave Romeo alone and Tybalt initially suggests he's not going to follow Lord Capulet's advice, which is when we see a turn in Lord Capulet.

Now this is something we witness about Lord Capulet throughout the play.

His language seems gentle until he feels as though he is being slighted, then it turns aggressive and dominant very quickly.

So let's look at some of Lord Capulet's specific language towards Tybalt.

Now throughout their exchange, Lord Capulet repeatedly calls Tybalt a, "Boy." So, what I'd like you to think about is how does this establish Lord Capulet's authority over Tybalt? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

Now a boy is a male child, so we might think that Lord Capulet is using this to emphasise Tybalt's youth and inexperience.

By emphasising his youth, Lord Capulet's arguably belittling Tybalt.

So he's dismissing him as unimportant.

In doing so, he might also be questioning Tybalt's masculinity and implying that Tybalt is less of a man than he is.

Lord Capulet then asked Tybalt, "Am I the master here or you?" So what I'd like you to think about is how does this rhetorical question establish Lord Capulet's authority? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

And you might have said, the word, "Master" has connotations of power and dominance, i implies you own someone else.

And the fact it's a rhetoric question doesn't offer Tybalt a chance to respond.

It diminishes any control he thought he had because he can't even respond to Lord Capulet and engage with him.

Everything about the conversation is now in Lord Capulet's terms. So now for a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like you to do is tell me whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false that Lord Capulet's language arguably belittles Tybalt? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Correct answer is true.

Now I'd like you to tell me why it's true.

So pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone.

You might have said, by repeatedly calling him a, "Boy," Lord Capulet's arguably belittling Tybalt, implying he's young and immature.

So very well done if you got those right.

Now, earlier in the scene, Tybalt referred to the ball as, "Our solemnity," so our party, in contrast, Lord Capulet used the possessive, "My, my guests, my house." So what I'd like you to think about is what might this reveal about Lord Capulet and social hierarchy? What might it reveal about the order of importance in society? Pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone, some great ideas there.

You might have thought that by emphasising the house is his rather than the whole family, it shows Lord Capulet at the top of the social hierarchy, he is the most important member of the family.

In doing so, it also implies a sense of ownership and demonstrates his authority.

He has control over everything that happens because he is at the top of the family hierarchy.

He is the man of the house.

So now for quick check for understanding.

What I'd like you to do is tell me which interpretation of Lord Capulet's use of, "My" is the most effective.

Is it A, Lord Capulet's repeated use of, "My" implies he cares about his guests? Or B, Lord Capulet's repeated use of, "My" implies sense of ownership and demonstrates his authority? So pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

The correct answer is B.

Now I'd like you to tell me why it's B.

So pause the video, take a few moments to think about it.

Welcome back everyone.

You might have said that Lord Capulet uses, "My" in his exchange with Tybalt where he rebukes Tybalt and establishes his authority.

So very well done if you got those right.

Amazing work, everyone.

And now the final task of the lesson.

So what I'd like you to do is write an analytical paragraph to answer the question, how does Shakespeare present Lord Capulet as having authority over Tybalt in Act one, scene five? Now, you might consider Lord Capulet repeatedly calling Tybalt a, "Boy." Lord Capulet calling himself the, "Master." Lord Capulet asking Tybalt a rhetorical question, and Lord Capulet using the possessive, "My" to talk about the house and the party.

So pause the video, write your paragraph now.

Welcome back everyone, it's fantastic work there.

What I'd like you to do is read back through your answer and think about whether you considered the following ideas.

That Lord Capulet repeatedly calling Tybalt a, "Boy" presents him as youthful and immature, it belittles him.

That Lord Capulet referring to himself as the, "Master" establishes his authority.

That Lord Capulet's use of a rhetorical question doesn't offer Tybalt or chance to respond and diminishes any power Tybalt thought he had.

That Lord Capulet's use of the possessive, "My" creates a sense of ownership.

So pause the video, read back through your answer now.

Welcome back everyone.

It was great to see people adding in any ideas they hadn't originally included.

Now, as I said earlier, I think these idea of honour for Tybalt and Lord Capulet are so important 'cause it sets up the actions for later in the play.

Tybalt will not back out of duelling Romeo because he believes it's integral to his honour and his identity to do so.

And Lord Capulet reacts violently to Juliet's refusal of marriage to Count Paris because he sees her as questioning his authority, something he needs to establish over those around him.

You all did amazingly well today everyone.

Here's a summary of what we covered.

Shakespeare presents Tybalt as seeing violence as a solution to problems. Arguably, Tybalt use of rhyming words could indicate feels in control when committing violent acts.

Tybalt repeated reference to Romeo as a villain suggests he sees Romeo's actions as dishonourable.

Potentially, the fricative sounds in Tybalt's speech could suggest he's consumed by his views on honour.

Lord Capulet establishes dominance and authority over Tybalt in Act one, scene five.

I really hope you enjoyed the lesson, everyone.

I hope to see you for another lesson soon, goodbye.