Hello and welcome to today's lesson.

My name is Ms. Watson, and I'm delighted that you've decided to join me today.

We're going to be doing lots of interesting, thoughtful idea-creating work while you plan a speech on a topic of interest to young people.

So when you're ready, we'll get started.

So the outcome of today's lesson is that you will be able to plan a successful speech on an issue that concerns young people.

So, we will begin with the keywords.

There are five keywords today, all really useful for unlocking your learning.

The first one is impromptu, and that means that it is done without being planned, organised, or rehearsed.

So, an impromptu party, for example, is one you just decide to have that evening, and off you go and have it.

Something that is current, belongs in the present time, in the here and now.

And category, that is a type or a group of things that have some features in common.

And, advocacy, that is the recommendation or support of a particular cause or policy.

And if you are an advocate for someone you speak on their behalf.

And something that is authentic, is genuine, and real, and not fake.

Now, if you would like a little bit of time to familiarise yourself with the keywords, please feel free to pause the video and rejoin the lesson when you're ready.

So there are two learning cycles in today's lesson.

We're going to start by working out how you might go about choosing a topic for your speech, and then you are going to plan your speech.

So, I'm gonna give you a quotation about speeches.

Here it is.

It's by Mark Twain, who's an American author, and he said that "It usually takes me more than three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech." And I'd like you to think about that and discuss that.

What does he mean? And what is he teaching us there about speech writing? Pause the video while you have that discussion, or if you are working by yourself, just pause the video and make a few notes.

So, welcome back.

I'm glad you found that quotation from Mark Twain intriguing.

This is what the Oak pupils said.

Aisha said that "He's just exaggerating.

Three weeks to write a speech!" That's ridiculous.

She thinks it's quite funny.

And Andeep says that, "No, he's just saying that you have to plan." He might be exaggerating, but really he's just saying you have to plan.

And Jacob makes this point, "That actually, to sound natural or impromptu takes work." And Jun says, "Let's get started! Because we don't have three weeks." What could you add to that? So now we're looking at choosing a topic of interest to young people, and we're looking at types of topics, categories of topics.

Now you might look at current affairs, which would be the events that are going on in the world, politics, local, national, and global.

There is always a lot of really interesting politics in the world.

And it could be personal, it could be a personal interest, something that you care about.

It could be a hobby or an interest or a private experience.

Or you could do quite an informative speech.

Take a subject that you are an expert on that you would like to tell or to teach to other people.

So there are three possibilities that I'd like you to consider as we go forward to help you narrow down your choice.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Personal, current affairs, or information.

Which speech category goes with which topic below? A, how to train for a half-marathon from someone who's just run one.

B, a discussion about issues raised by a recent government bill.

C, a speech in praise of a relative who was significant to them in childhood.

What do you think? Are you ready for me to reveal the answers? So the first one, A, that is informative.

The, how to, is indicative of something that is going to give you some useful information, or tell you the process by which you might succeed at something.

And then we have current affairs, a recent government bill, something that is going through parliament at the moment.

And, of course, that is this personal.

And none of these are right or wrong, or better or worse.

They are all really good possibilities for you to pick from.

So I've listed them there for types of topics, and I want you to have a discussion in response to this question.

Now, each of these categories would provide topics for a good speech, and I would like you to think about what opportunities and challenges there are with each of them.

They all have their pros and cons.

So, pause the video while you have that discussion, or, again, if you are working by yourself, pause the video and make a few notes.

So, welcome back, that was a really good discussion.

And now what we are going to do is, we are going to explore some opportunities and challenges of each category.

We're gonna use this grid.

There are the types of topics, and we're going to think about the opportunities and challenges for pros and cons of each.

So with current affairs, you might say something like, the opportunities are that it's really relevant and timely, and audiences are likely to be aware of the topic.

And it's a really good opportunity for you to be an advocate, to speak on behalf of someone, and to call for action.

And a challenge is staying up-to-date, because politics can move very, very quickly, and it can be a certain amount of.

it can be very sensitive depending on what the current topic is.

And sometimes this topic has a lot of overload in it.

There's so much information you have to take in, to understand what is going in, that it can feel sometimes a little bit too much.

And with personal, there are really good opportunities there for being authentic.

And because it is personal to you, it is automatically unique.

It can be inspiring, and it can be enthusiastic, and it can inspire other people's enthusiasm.

And it's a really good opportunity for demonstrating growth, for showing change in you or in someone close to you.

And the challenges are, well, because it's so unique, it may not be relatable, somebody may not understand it, and you have to do quite a lot of work to make everybody relate to it.

There is the possibility, a risk of oversharing sensitive topics, but even more so because these are personal.

And for some people there is a challenge that it would make people feel vulnerable.

And with the information-based speech, well, it's great for knowledge sharing and fostering curiosity, and it really, really brings credibility to your speech, because in this kind of speech you are the expert.

The challenges are, again, too much information sometimes, and you've got to really work to engage the audience interest.

You've got to be confident that they are already aware of it.

And possibly it is more limited emotionally, certainly it's more limited emotionally than say, the personal one.

Now, I really want to stress, this isn't about right or wrong, better or worse.

I just want you to have these thoughts in your mind as you make your choices.

So before you do your choosing, I'd like to share with you what the Oak pupils thought about choosing a topic.

Aisha thought that the categories were really helpful, they helped her focus, but she also thought they were quite limiting.

And Andeep makes this really good point that actually you could have a very, very personal view on a political topic.

It might be there is something that is being discussed at sort of the highest political level that is going to affect you and your family very, very clearly.

And Jacob said that "You can mix categories.

Be personal about politics." Be political about your personal experience.

And June said you might be writing about your hobby, and that's personable, but that could also be informative.

So what they've really picked up on is the fact that these categories are really quite fluid.

Let's move on.

So we're going to have a check for understanding.

Which of the following will help you choose a topic? Is it A, thinking about how long the speech will have to be? Is it B, worrying about how much research you will need to do? C, thinking about what interests you and why? D, being mindful about the information you want to share.

What would you say? Have a think.

Make your choice.

It's C and D.

A and B, you are going to have to think about the length of your speech, and you are going to think about what research you need to do that you don't need to worry about it.

But that is after you have chosen.

Let's move on.

So now is the opportunity for you to show your understanding about how you might choose a topic in a little bit more detail.

I'm going to put some sentence fragments here in the box, and I want you to use them to create a complex sentence which explains how to use a topic for your speech.

These are the sentence fragments.

"It is worth remembering that you can control what you say." "But you can't control how it is heard." "Whilst it is tempting to deliver a speech on something very controversial." So that's the first part of the task.

Rearrange them to create a complex sentence which explains how to use the topic for your speech.

Make sure you use commas in the right places.

And when you've rearranged the sentence fragments, I would like you to expand on the idea by writing a paragraph that begins with: "This is especially important if.

." And that might be a really good point for you to refer to controversial or emotional topics.

Now, gather up all your thoughts and ideas, pause the video, and off you go.

Welcome back, and I would like to congratulate you on your really excellent focus.

Let's check what you wrote.

So you should have written for Part One, that "Whilst it is tempting to deliver a speech on something very controversial, it is worth remembering that you can control what you say, but you can't control how it is heard." And for the second part, where you add a further sentence, you might have written: "This is especially important if you choose a controversial subject because your audience may react very strongly.

With emotional topics, be mindful of revealing information that might make you feel vulnerable." Very well done.

Let's move on.

We're making brilliant progress today.

We've looked at how we might choose a topic for our speech, and now it's time to plan.

So, how to plan a speech.

Well, the key components of a speech are: An engaging hook: a relevant quote, a surprising fact, a thought-provoking question.

You want your audience to be listening to you from the very moment you start speaking.

So start in the most engaging way you can think.

And you need a range of points, and each point must contribute to the overall message.

And you need supporting details.

You need to research evidence, you need examples, you need anecdotes.

And you need to have smooth transitions between those points.

Use phrases like, "Let's turn to.

." That's a really useful phrase from moving from one point to another.

And you need a really powerful conclusion, a call to action, a final thought for your audience.

So let's have a check for understanding.

There are four sentences here, and each one needs its ending found.

So, let's see how we do.

A, researched evidence is an example of.

What would you say there? Supporting details, very good.

And a call to action is effective in the.

Conclusion, well done.

And at the start of the speech, we need an.

Engaging hook, excellent.

And D, avoid jumping between points by using.

Smooth transitions.

Very well done if you've got those right.

Let's move on.

So writing a plan.

Now, Aisha wrote a plan for a speech entitled: "Why we should all be exercising more." And she's not particularly happy with it.

So I'm going to share her plan with you, and then I'm going to hand it over to you to discuss how she could improve that plan.

So this is her opening.

She says, "Experts say exercise is really important.

I agree." "Exercise, good for mental health, reduces stress, relaxes you." That's her first point.

Second point, "Great way to meet people and make friends." Her third point is, "Your physical health will improve." And she concludes by saying, "Exercise is good for your social, physical, and emotional health." So, pause the video, and have a discussion about what advice you would give to Aisha to improve that plan.

If you're working by yourself, just pause the video and make a few notes.

Off you go.

So, welcome back.

What an interesting discussion.

Here's the plan.

I'm gonna share with you some of the things that you might have said.

Well, you might have said that her personal opinion is really clear, but an anecdote or a question would make the opening much more relatable.

And you might have said that she makes good points, but the sequence doesn't work very well, and that it would be better to start with the physical, and then the emotional and then the social, because exercise is a physical thing, but it also has these wider benefits.

And I'm sure you noted that it needed a much stronger ending, a call to action maybe.

Essentially her conclusion is pretty much the same as her opening at the moment, and she needs to really strengthen that ending.

Really good thinking there.

Very impressed.

So, now it's over to you.

I would like you to use this grid to make a plan for a speech on the topic that you have chosen.

You're going to need to pause the video while you do that.

Make sure that you take into consideration the advice that you gave to Aisha, and all the points that you have made and thought about what makes a good speech.

So when you're ready, pause the video and off you go.

Welcome back, what excellent focus you've showed there.

and I know that you have some brilliant plans.

Before we finish, I would like you to check over your plan, and I've got some coaching questions to help you do that.

So, have you written an engaging hook for your opening? Are your points clear and in the best possible sequence? Is it clear where you will use transitional phrases to link your points in the best possible way? And is your conclusion strong? What technique did you use at the end of your plan? So, pause a video while you check over your plan.

You still have time to strengthen it and add in anything that is missing.

And when you have done that, return to me for the end of the lesson.

So before we say goodbye, I would like to summarise what you have been learning today.

You have been learning that you can choose your speech topic by focusing on current affairs, personal interests or information on a specific subject.

And you've also been learning that a good speech can be a blend of all three categories.

You've learned that a good speech needs an engaging hook in the opening, and that you need to organise your points and pay careful attention to good, smooth transitions.

And you've also learned that it's really important to end your speech strongly with a final thought or a call to action.

I'd just like to say again, thank you for joining me for today's lesson.

It has been a pleasure to teach you.

I wish you a really good rest of the day, and I look forward to seeing you in another lesson on non-fiction: teenage kicks.

Bye for now.