Hello and welcome to your lesson today on writing a response about guilt in "Macbeth".

I'm Miss Sutherland, and I'll be teaching you today.

Our learning outcome for today's lesson is to plan and write a response on the role of guilt in the play "Macbeth".

We have three keywords for today's lesson.

They are: magnitude, sacrilegious, and anguish.

Magnitude refers to the great size or extent of something.

So we could talk about the magnitude of Macbeth's sin to emphasise how much sin and guilt that he has.

Sacrilegious describes a violation of something that is sacred.

So the murder of King Duncan is sacrilegious.

And anguish.

Anguish means severe mental pain or suffering.

Indeed, Macbeth suffers much anguish throughout the play after committing acts of brutality.

Those are your three keywords for today's lesson.

Pause the video and have a moment to reflect upon those keywords now.

Great.

Let's take a look at our learning cycles now.

We have three learning cycles.

In the first learning cycle, we'll be writing topic sentences and thesis statements to support our planning.

In the second learning cycle, we'll be writing concluding sentences to support our plan.

And finally, in the third learning cycle, we'll be writing a response about guilt in the play "Macbeth".

So let's begin with writing topic sentences and thesis statements.

Discuss: what ideas could you explore when looking to write about the theme of guilt in "Macbeth"? Pause the video and discuss.

Let's go through what you may have said.

We could talk about the motif of the supernatural, the motif of sleep, the magnitude of Macbeth's sin, beliefs about divine retribution, guilt as a warning to the audience, and the motif of blood.

So we have quite a few things to talk about when writing an essay on guilt in "Macbeth".

Now let's check your understanding.

Which event is the least relevant for writing a response about guilt in "Macbeth"? Pause the video and answer that question.

The event least relevant for writing a response about guilt in "Macbeth" is Macbeth being shown three apparitions by the witches.

That does not necessarily link to Macbeth's guilt.

However, Macbeth seeing a bloody dagger, that's often seen as a manifestation of his guilt, and Macbeth's insomnia after committing regicide is also seen as a consequence for his crimes.

So in today's lesson, we'll be responding to the question: how does Shakespeare present the theme of guilt throughout "Macbeth"? We can use a multiple paragraph outline to help us plan our response to this question.

Here is our multiple paragraph outline.

It starts with a thesis, which is your overarching evaluative argument focused on the writer's purpose.

The thesis is usually outlined in your introduction.

Next, you'll want to have a topic sentence for each of your paragraphs.

The topic sentence outlines the arguments of each paragraph and includes key question vocabulary to show that you are answering the question.

Each paragraph will have supporting detail.

The supporting detail references the writer's methods, including main and supporting quotations.

And each paragraph will have a concluding sentence in which the argument is summarised with a sharp focus on the writer's purpose.

And finally, every essay will include a conclusion, which is a summary of the writer's message.

So there we have our multiple paragraph outline.

We are going to unpick topic sentences and thesis statements in this section of the lesson.

Comparing thesis statements to topic sentences can be a useful way to successfully craft each one.

So let's take a look at the difference between thesis statements and topic sentences.

Thesis statements provide an overarching argument of the entire essay, whereas topic sentences explain the purpose of an individual paragraph.

Thesis statements are supported by the entire text, whereas topic sentences are supported by moments in the text, specific moments in the text.

Thesis statements are found in your introduction, and topic sentences are found at the start of each main body paragraph.

So there are three differences between thesis statements and topic sentences.

Consider now the thesis statements in contrast to the topic sentences and discuss: what are the differences? Pause the video and discuss: what are the differences between the topic sentences and the thesis statements.

Off you go.

So, the thesis statement: "Shakespeare depicts guilt as a destructive factor throughout 'Macbeth', perhaps as a warning to the audience." This is an idea supported by the whole text, whereas the topic sentence, "Shakespeare uses the supernatural as a manifestation of Macbeth's conscience," is focused on a specific idea in the text, the supernatural.

The next thesis statement: "Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' forces the audience to witness the psychological torment that comes with rejecting God and one's conscience." Again, that is an idea supported by the whole text.

And this topic sentence here: "Lady Macbeth is shown to be impervious to guilt.

Perhaps she represses it, which may explain the insomnia she eventually experiences in Act 5, Scene 1." That topic sentence is focused on a specific character.

So we can see here that thesis statements are overarching arguments, whereas topic sentences are focused on specific scenes, specific motifs, or specific characters.

Now identify which pupil has crafted a thesis, and which a topic sentence.

Laura writes: "Shakespeare uses Lady Macbeth to reveal that the consequences of completely rejecting one's conscience and repressing one's guilt are far worse than those who outwardly express their guilt." And Jacob has written: "Shakespeare's 'Macbeth' may be read as a cautionary play, reflecting the severe consequences for rejecting one's conscience." Pause the video and consider who's written a thesis and who has written a topic sentence.

Off you go.

Laura has written a topic sentence.

She's focused her sentence specifically on Lady Macbeth's guilt, and Jacob has written a thesis statement.

His sentence is about the play in general.

Now it's over to you.

I want you to plan and write your thesis statement and plan and write three topic sentences for your essay on the question: how does Shakespeare present the theme of guilt in "Macbeth"? Remember, your thesis statement is the overarching argument of your essay, and the topic sentences are the first sentences in each of your paragraphs.

They state your paragraph's main idea.

Pause the video and get writing your thesis statement and your three topic sentences now.

Off you go.

Great job.

Let's take a look at Andeep's thesis.

Andeep has written: "Shakespeare presents guilt as a key theme.

Guilt is a really challenging emotion for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth." Andeep's thesis as it currently stands does not meet the checklist.

It doesn't focus on the overarching argument of the essay, and it's not supported by the entire text.

Here is Andeep's redraft.

"Shakespeare explores guilt as a destructive emotion, and in the wake of the 1605 Gunpowder Plot, he perhaps warns the audience that any act of treason will be met with severe consequences." It does now meet the checklist.

It does explore the overarching argument of the essay that guilt is presented as a destructive emotion for the purposes of warning the audience, and it is supported by the entire text.

Now I want you to self-assess your own thesis using the checklist that Andeep has used.

Pause the video and self-assess your own thesis statement now.

Very well done.

We are now going to move on to self-assess our topic sentences.

Here is one of Andeep's topic sentences.

He's written: "Shakespeare uses Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's insomnia to explore the consequences of guilt." He identifies that his topic sentence has a clear focus and it links to the question.

I now want you to check each of your topic sentences has a clear focus and links to the question.

Pause the video and self-assess your topic sentences now.

Off you go.

Great job.

I think you've written some fabulous thesis statements and topic sentences for your essay.

We are now going to move on to writing concluding sentences.

Read this section of Andeep's plan.

He's got his topic sentence that Shakespeare uses Macbeth and Lady Macbeth's insomnia to explore the consequences of guilt.

He has three pieces of supporting detail.

And finally, his concluding sentence reads: "Ultimately, Shakespeare uses their insomnia to warn the audience of the peace that is withheld after committing a sacrilegious murder".

I want you to discuss, what is the purpose of the concluding sentence? What function does it serve in the essay? Pause the video and discuss.

Let's unpick now what the purpose is of the concluding sentence.

The concluding sentence makes clear the paragraph has reached its conclusion by using words such as ultimately.

The concluding sentence focuses on the writer's intentions by referencing the writer's name and what they've done and why.

The concluding sentence links to, but doesn't repeat, the topic sentence.

Here is another section of Andeep's plan.

His topic sentence is that Shakespeare uses the supernatural as a manifestation of Macbeth's conscience.

He has three pieces of supporting detail focusing on hallucinations.

And his concluding sentence is: "This proves Macbeth is guilty." Discuss: what feedback would you give him on this particular concluding sentence? Pause the video and discuss.

So this concluding sentence is less effective than Andeep's previous one.

Let's consider why.

Andeep needs to make clear the paragraph has reached its conclusion.

He also needs to focus on the writer's intentions and he needs to link to, but not repeat, the topic sentence.

Andeep has redrafted his concluding sentence.

He has written: "Fundamentally, Shakespeare reveals the devastating consequences of ignoring the pleas of one's conscience." This is now a skillful concluding sentence because it makes clear the paragraph has reached its conclusion by using words such as fundamentally.

It focuses on the writer's intentions.

It says what Shakespeare does, Shakespeare reveals.

And it links to, but doesn't repeat, the topic sentence, so it links firmly to the theme of guilt.

Now let's check your understanding of concluding sentences.

Which would serve as the strongest concluding sentence for an essay on guilt in "Macbeth"? Pause the video and answer that question.

Off you go.

Sentence B: "Perhaps, through the character of Macbeth, Shakespeare is examining how the magnitude of guilt reflects the magnitude of sin." That is the most strong concluding sentence shown on the screen there.

It expresses a sense of finality and it expresses Shakespeare's purpose while also linking firmly to the theme of the essay.

Sentence A repeats the topic sentence, and that's not the job of the concluding sentence.

So sentence A isn't appropriate.

And sentence C begins: "This brings me onto my next point," and that doesn't express a sense of finality.

So sentence B is the most effective concluding sentence.

I now want you to complete your plan for the question: how does Shakespeare present the theme of guilt in "Macbeth"? You need to add your supporting details for each of your paragraphs and your concluding sentences as well as your conclusion.

Pause the video and complete your plan for this essay question now.

Off you go.

Great job.

Now self-assess your plan using these questions.

Does your supporting detail contain both main quotations and supporting quotations from across the play? Do your concluding sentences make clear the paragraph has reached its conclusion, focus on the writer's intentions, and link to, but not repeat, the topic sentences? Pause the video and self-assess the rest of your plan using those questions now.

Off you go.

Excellent.

We are now ready to write a response about guilt.

Before we go to write our response about guilt, I want you to really unpick your use of supporting detail.

Supporting detail can be really important when drawing your ideas together and writing up your response.

Remember, effective supporting detail ought to work to support the topic sentence and be taken from across the play.

Let's discuss then, is Andeep's supporting detail effective? Why or why not? Pause the video and discuss.

Andeep's supporting detail is effective as it meets the criteria.

It does work to support the topic sentence that the supernatural is a manifestation of Macbeth's conscience because the supporting detail is focused on hallucinations.

And Andeep's supporting detail is taken from across the play.

It's taken from a range of scenes.

Pause the video now and reflect if your supporting detail in your plan meets the criteria.

Off you go.

Excellent.

Let's check your understanding now then.

What should you ensure when selecting supporting detail for an essay? Pause the video and answer that question.

When selecting supporting detail for an essay, you should ensure your supporting detail links to your topic sentence and that your supporting details come from across the text.

Essentially, your supporting detail is designed to prove your topic sentence or argue your topic sentence, so they must link to it.

Also, you want to show a really thorough understanding of the whole play.

That's why your supporting details should come from across the text.

So we've planned our thesis statements, our topic sentences, our concluding sentences, and we've checked through the effectiveness of our supporting detail.

I now want you to use your plan to write your response to the question: how does Shakespeare present the theme of guilt in "Macbeth"? In your response, make sure you include an introduction with an interesting thesis, at least two analytical paragraphs which have clear topic sentences and purposeful concluding sentences, a judicious use of embedded quotations, an analysis of the writer's methods tightly focused to your argument.

Make sure context is interwoven throughout your response, with a sharp focus on Shakespeare's intentions.

And make sure your response includes a conclusion which summarises Shakespeare's message.

I hope you enjoy writing this response and putting all your brilliant ideas about guilt into this one final essay.

I can't wait to see what you come up with.

Pause the video and get writing.

Off you go.

Brilliant effort there.

You've really shown a solid understanding of the theme of guilt in this play.

Assess your work now by identifying where you've used the following: an introduction with an interesting, critical thesis, clear topic sentences and concluding sentences, embedded quotations judiciously, analysis of methods, interwoven context, a conclusion which summarises your thesis and has a sharp focus on Shakespeare's message.

Pause the video and self-assess your work now.

Very well done on assessing your work.

Pause the video and have a quick think about what your main target is for your next piece of writing.

Excellent.

Here's what we've covered in today's lesson.

The theme of guilt is pertinent throughout "Macbeth".

A thesis statement is a clear, overarching argument.

Topic sentences give focus to individual paragraphs.

Concluding sentences can focus on a writer's intention and draw your paragraph to a close.

And you ought to choose quotations that support your topic sentence and come from across the play.

Thank you so much for joining me in today's lesson.

Very well done on writing your very own response about guilt in "Macbeth", and I hope to see you in another lesson soon.