Hi there.

Great to see you today.

My name is Mr. Barnsley.

Thank you so much for choosing to join me for today's lesson.

In today's lesson, we are gonna be exploring analysis of "Animal Farm." We are gonna be looking at what makes really interesting, creative, and nuanced analysis.

Great lesson ahead for you today.

Thank you so much for joining me.

Let's get started.

Right, let's have a look at the outcome of today's lesson.

So by the end of today's lesson, you can effectively analyse language in a detailed, perceptive, and developed way.

Okay, let's dive straight in then, shall we? As ever, we're gonna start with our keywords.

Four keywords today.

They are connotation, modal verb, tangible, and semantic field.

Definitions of each of these four words are about to appear on screen.

Do pause the video if you need to.

Make sure you read through each of them carefully, jotting them down if you wish.

Really important that you recognise these words so when you come across them in today's lesson, you feel confident using them.

Let's have a look at these definitions then, shall we? Okay, let's have a look at the outline of today's lesson.

So first we're gonna do a bit of a deep dive into using quotations well in our first learning cycle, hard working quotes.

And then we're gonna think about developing our analysis further in the second learning cycle.

So let's start by looking at some hard working quotes.

So when selecting key quotation, you really need to make sure that your quotes are doing the hard work for you.

Well, what do I mean by that? Well, it means that they are rich and interesting in their language features.

There's lots of things to comment on them.

They're very analyzable.

They also have the potential to be adapted for many different essay questions.

So they can give you opportunities to talk about many different characters or themes.

So we want them to be adaptable.

So if you were to create a checklist to help you to evaluate whether a quote was hard working, what might that checklist look like? Pause the video.

If you've got a partner to discuss with, you can do this verbally.

If you're working by yourself, you might wish to jot down a few notes.

But have a think about what things might you add to a checklist if you were trying to evaluate whether a key quote is hard working? Over to you.

Pause the video and press play when you are ready to continue.

Fantastic.

I heard some wonderful discussions there.

Well done if you said anything that links to other words, so anything that you can see as being in a semantic field.

It's really interesting to talk about semantic fields.

If you've got a rich use of word classes, so adverbs, adjectives, superlatives.

It's adaptable.

Key, key, key.

Can it be used to talk about many different questions? Are there interesting inferences to either be made about character or themes or even links to wider context? Obviously interesting use of language devices.

We know we love language devices in literature, in English and in literature, so let's make sure that we look for quotations that might use them, but also that might have words that have connotations, maybe even symbolism within them, okay? All of those things, if we're looking for these things, we're gonna find out if a quotation is really gonna work hard or is hard working and is gonna help us say lots about a little.

So true or false? A hard working quote means it is rich with features to comment on.

Is that true or false? Pause video, have a think, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Well done.

That is of course true.

Fantastic if you said true.

Let's justify our answer then, please.

These include word classes and language devices, or is these include plot, narrative, and critical quotations? Which do we think is correct? Pause the video, have a think, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Yes, that is of course a.

So we're looking for quotations which include word classes and language devices that we can really analyse.

So we are now going to look at some quotations, and we're gonna look at that checklist that we created and think about why each of these quotes I'm gonna show you, why might it be a hard working quotation? So let's have a look at this first one.

"The others said of Squealer that he could turn black into white." Pause the video, have a think why might this be a real hard working quotation? Press play when you are ready to continue.

Okay, I can hear some really great discussions.

Yes, so in particular, there are some interesting word classes here, and we can make some really interesting inferences about character here.

So let's have a think what we could say.

Well, there are some simple adjectives, black and white, but these really highlight how the animals view the world in very simple terms, and we can link this to the lack of education and, you know, and power of language and things like that.

Well, we know white has real specific connotations.

White has connotations of purity and cleanliness, so it emphasises Squealer's mastery.

He can turn lies into truth.

We also know that this is a metaphor, and it links the idea of propaganda and Squealer's ability to rewrite narratives and to persuade the other animals.

And whilst this obviously is a quote which focuses on Squealer, so is really useful when talking about that character, it can also be used in many other scenarios, particularly when we're talking about the themes of power, or corruption, or manipulation, or deception and hierarchy.

So yes, this quotation, really useful for talking about the character of Squealer, but really useful.

It's adaptable.

We can use it elsewhere.

What about this quotation, "I will work harder!" said by Boxer? Let's have a think about how this one might meet our checklist of being a hard working quote.

Pause the video, give this a go, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Some fantastic discussions there.

Let's dive straight into this one.

Well, we know this quote links to the semantic field of labour, and we see this kind of throughout the text, throughout the novella.

We also have this personal pronoun, so we can have some word class here in interesting inferences.

The personal pronoun I really highlights Boxer's sole purpose.

The modal verb will shows Boxer's determination and the cycle of exploitation that he is stuck in.

It's significant because this is a maxim that is repeated throughout, okay? Orwell shows how this very short and pithy statement can be used to manipulate and exploit.

So remember the simplification of language here.

This is obviously a very interesting inference, and we can say so much about what Orwell is trying to say about the simplification of language within politics.

Okay, check for understanding here.

What is missing from our hard working quotation checklist? Two things are missing.

Pause the video, see if you can work it out, and press play when you are ready to continue.

Very well done if you said semantic field and connotations.

All of these things we should be looking for in our quotations 'cause we know those quotations will be really, really useful in helping us explore a text.

Okay, our first task then today.

I'm gonna give you three quotes.

You can see them on the screen now.

"The tale of confession and executions went on." "All that year the animals worked like slaves." "Nine enormous dogs." Okay, so three quotations from the text.

Ones that you should recognise.

What I would like you to do is using this checklist, I want you to annotate them to see if you can show why they are such hardworking quotes.

Basically, can you make two, three, four different inferences from these quotations? Okay, so pause the video, work through each quotation one at a time, and see if you can use this checklist to annotate it with interpretations of your own.

Okay, pause the video, over to you, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Some really, really fantastic work there.

I'm gonna go through one of these quotations with you.

Obviously you can compare the notes that we make on this quotation.

You can add them to your own, and obviously you can use this to see how well you can do.

You can check your other quotations as well based on what we go through here.

So let's look at this quotation.

"The tale of confession and executions went on, until there was was a pile of corpses and the air was heavy with the smell of blood." So this quotation coming from the show trials that Napoleon puts on.

Okay, let's have a look then.

Let's think about why this is such a useful hard working quotation.

Well, we can say, look, there's the semantic field of violence and death.

It really emphasises Napoleon's descent into tyranny.

We can also think about the noun pile.

Shows a real detachment in which the executions are being carried out.

You know, these are comrades and yet they're just seen as a pile of bodies.

It reduces the animals to objects.

Also, this noun blood and the adjective heavy create this real sensory image.

It makes the atmosphere really tangible.

As a reader, we can almost picture ourselves kind of watching these show trials take place.

It's a really hard working quote.

It has so many interesting inferences and features that we can identify.

It can really lead to rich analysis.

It can be adapted to fit many themes.

Power, leadership, violence, and methods of control as well as talking about the character of Napoleon specifically.

Alright, let's move on to our second learning cycle today, and we're gonna think about developing our analysis.

Now, we're gonna follow some of our Oak pupils.

So we're gonna have a discussion or gonna be discussing about how they can develop their analysis further.

I really want us to pay attention to what our Oak pupils are saying and see what we can learn from their conversations.

So let's start with Izzy and Alex.

So Izzy says to Alex, "Alex, can you help? I'm really struggling to introduce quotations in my analytical paragraphs.

I've been using for example, but I want to make my writing even better." And Alex said, "Well, not a problem, Izzy.

So the first thing you need to do is contextualise the quote.

This means briefly explaining where the quote comes from in the text." Izzy's a bit confused by this.

"So do I just retell the plot?" "Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa.

We're definitely gonna avoid doing that," says Alex.

He says he finds it really useful to use time conjunctions.

Words like firstly, initially, finally, and the phrase this establishes.

All of these are really useful.

Okay, Izzy's giving this a go.

She says, "I've rewritten my paragraph.

Does this contextualise the quote? 'Initially Squealer is described as a brilliant talker, which immediately establishes him as a master of language within the novella.

'" "Yes," says Alex, "this contextualises the quote because you clearly state that this is the first description of Squealer, so the reader knows you are referring to the start of the novella." It also very clearly states how Squealer has been presented at the beginning of novella.

I think that's a great sentence from Izzy.

So well done to Izzy, and well done to Alex for supporting her.

Izzy wants to give one more go though about introducing her quotations.

"Finally, Orwell ends with a shocking description of Squealer 'walking on hind legs' which emphasises the cycle of oppression and the pigs becoming indistinguishable from the humans." "Perfect," says Alex.

"The time conjunction not only guides your reader through the essay, but again it contextualises your quote." What a wonderful bit of advice from Alex there.

And can you see how Izzy's introduction or how she introduces quotes has been improved by the use of time conjunctions and that phrase this emphasises? Well done to both Izzy and Alex.

Okay, let's do a check for understanding.

Which of these is not a time conjunction? Finally, following that, however, or initially? Pause the video, make your decision, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Yes, that is however.

Well done if you spotted that.

Okay, Jun and Aisha are now having a conversation.

Let's see what we can learn about developing analysis through their discussion.

Well, Jun says, "I keep being told I am not developing my analysis enough.

I just don't understand how to do this.

Aisha, can you help?" And Aisha says, "Yeah, I've been working on this myself, Jun, so I've got lots of tips.

A really effective way is to use different conjunctions.

My favourites are in addition, moreover, and furthermore." "So I made this comment," Jun says.

"Orwell uses the simile 'worked like slaves' which reveals the harsh conditions the animals are in.

How can I use a conjunction to develop it further?" And Aisha says, "Well, I'd use a conjunction like furthermore or in addition to encourage another comment.

Go on, give it a try.

Don't forget to link to Orwell's purpose." Okay, let's see what Jun can do with the use of a conjunction.

He says, "Orwell used the simile 'work like slaves' which reveals the harsh conditions the animals worked in.

Furthermore, the noun slaves has connotations of exploitation and ownership which Orwell has used to expose the ongoing cycle of oppression on the farm." Fantastic.

Not only has Jun added an additional comment about that quotation, he's looked at the connotation of the word slaves.

And we've said that our quotes which work hard will contain connotations, so he's clearly chosen a hard working quote here.

"Wow," says Aisha, "that's so much better.

Using a conjunction encourages you to really explore the quote in full and it enables you to develop your analysis further." I agree with it, Aisha.

I think this is such an improvement.

Okay, let's do a check for understanding.

Which of the of these is not a conjunction that will help you develop your analysis? Okay, which one is not? Is it a, moreover, b, in addition, c, emphasises, or d, furthermore? Pause the video, have a think, and press play when you are ready to continue.

Okay, really well done if you said emphasises.

Definitely a useful verb for us to use.

We will definitely use that in our analysis.

But the other three are conjunctions, all of which will help us add further analysis, develop our analysis further.

Well done if you got that correct.

Okay, we've got Laura and Lucas now.

Let's see what they are discussing, and let's see what we can take from this to help improve our own analysis.

So Laura says, "Hey Lucas! Apparently I'm just re-explaining quotes and not actually analysing.

What do I do?" And Lucas says, "Ah, well, I see.

Analysis means you have to really unpick quotations using terminology.

You should then focus your comments on why the writer has made the choice and link it to the writer's purpose.

Do you have an example?" And Laura says, "Well, here's one that I wrote.

'Orwell describes the dogs as enormous and are wearing brass studded collars which shows how big and scary they are.

It also shows how powerful Napoleon is becoming.

'" Not a bad analysis, but really is quite surface level, and hopefully Lucas can help Laura dig a lot deeper and develop her analysis.

Well, Lucas says, "Well, well done.

You've picked out the keywords from the quote, but can you identify the word classes? Why has Orwell chosen these words in particular? Try the phrase, 'Orwell has done this to.

'" Let's see how this helps Laura out.

"So the use of adjectives," great, there's the word class, "enormous and brass studded present the dogs as vicious and violent.

It's a shocking moment and Orwell has done this to reflect Napoleon's tyrannical rule." Much, much better.

I think that was great advice from Lucas.

"So much better," he says, "but just one last thing.

Can you link to Orwell's wider themes?" Remember, we always want to think of the bigger picture and the writer's purpose.

"So particularly what is significant about the collars? What do they represent?" "Orwell uses the collars to represent ownership and power.

After the rebellion the animals rejected items like collars, as symbols of human oppression, but now they're being used by Napoleon, highlighting the inevitability of hierarchy and oppression." That is so good.

Well done to all of our Oak students who really thought carefully about how to develop their analysis further.

Let's do a check for understanding then, and think about which of the following offers the best analysis of the quote, "escaped their snapping jaws"? Is it a, the verb snapping links to the semantic field of violence.

Orwell has done this to emphasise how, in totalitarian regimes, power and control is often gained through violence and fear.

Is it b? This quote shows how violent the dogs are and how scared the animals are made to be." Or is it c, Orwell uses verbs, a semantic field of violence and the noun jaws, emphasising the horrific moment the dogs arrive? Pause the video, have a think, press play when you are ready to find out the answer.

Well done if you said a.

Yes, this is using word classes also making links to the semantic field, but it's doing this to really thinking of Orwell's purpose.

I think a is a fantastic inference based on that quotation.

Well done if you selected a.

Right, we are now moving on to our final practise activity in today's lesson, and it is over to you now to write your own paragraph of analysis based on the following question.

How does Orwell explore the themes of violence and control in "Animal Farm?" Remember, you've got your annotated quotations from Task A.

They are gonna become in very useful and help you write this up.

And then obviously we've got some time conjunctions, conjunctions for development, and analytical phrases, all of which our Oak pupils helped us with in learning cycle two.

We're gonna put those two things together in this final task to help you write a really detailed analytical paragraph.

You're going to want to pause the video.

You're gonna want to make sure you've got somewhere to write either in your book or on paper, and you'll want to give yourself plenty of time to do this writing.

You want to kind of make sure you keep checking your work against this table on the screen to make sure that you are using these conjunctions to really help you develop your analysis.

Okay, it's time for you to pause the video now.

Give this your best shot.

I really think you're gonna do some great writing now, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What wonderful work you were doing there.

Really well done for persevering, particularly when that felt challenging.

Sometimes writing can feel challenging, but actually the best thing we can do is persevere and look at the things that we have to help us.

So the slides, our previous activities, and obviously flicking through the novella as well.

Well done for all of you who worked so hard and so resilient during that task.

That was fantastic to see.

Okay, we're rapidly reaching the end of the lesson, but before we do, I want us to take a few moments to reread and reflect on the work that we've just created.

So please do use the checklist that you can see on screen and check your work, making sure you've included all of those things that you can see in that bullet-pointed list.

Pause the video, reread your work, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Well, I am so proud of all the amazing work that you have done today.

We have really, really thought carefully about how we create an analysis.

You've got fantastic ideas.

You've got so many brilliant ideas from all the reading that you've done and all the analysis that you've done over this text throughout this unit, so it was really great to see you thinking about how you can turn these brilliant ideas into excellent analytical writing.

On the screen, you can see a summary of what we've covered today.

You may wish to pause the video and just reread, just double check that you feel confident in all of that learning before you move on to a future lesson or another unit.

Thank you so much for joining me today.

I hope you have a wonderful rest of your day, whatever you are doing, and I hope to see you all soon.

Bye-bye.