Hello, my name is Mr. Barnsley, and welcome to today's lesson, A two-sided city.

Okay, so the outcome of today's lesson is that by the end of the lesson, you'll be able to trace Stevenson's use of setting across the text.

As ever, let's look at five keywords that we might expect to come across during today's lesson.

These are setting, juxtaposition, duality, pious, and blasphemy.

Let's have a look in a little bit more detail about what these words mean.

So the definitions of each of the words are gonna appear on the screen.

Do take a moment to read through them carefully to make sure that you understand what they mean when you come across them in today's lesson.

Okay, let's look at today's lesson outline.

So in today's lesson, A two-sided city, there are gonna be three parts.

We're gonna start by looking at Stevenson's subversion of the Gothic genre.

We're then gonna make sure we understand or we can track settings across the novel.

And then we're also gonna look at the context of Stevenson's novel as well.

So let's get started with Stevenson's subversion of the Gothic genre.

So let's start by reminding ourselves, what can you remember about the settings of "The Strange Case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"? Two pupils are gonna help us get started.

So Laura has said that Utterson, Jekyll, and Enfield, they all live in respectable houses.

We often see them sitting by warm fires in cosy, well-lit domestic settings.

Andeep says, "But next to the houses, there are dilapidated buildings." Remember, dilapidated means buildings that are uncared for, maybe even falling apart at times, but left to ruin.

"And a lot of events take place in the streets.

The weather is often cold and foggy." Time for a discussion now, what else can you add about the settings? What else do you remember about the settings in "The Strange Case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"? Pause the video.

Have a discussion if you someone to discuss with, or just think through some ideas to yourself and press Play when you are ready to continue.

Well done.

I heard some really interesting discussions there.

Well done to those who talked about, I heard some things talking about the laboratory as a key setting.

I also heard people talking about doors and windows, and that's something that we will be certainly looking at throughout this unit.

Okay, so "The Strange Case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" is often called a Gothic novel, mainly because of its themes of the supernatural and evil, things that we associate with gothic, the Gothic genre.

However, Stevenson frequently subverts the conventions of the Gothic novel.

So conventions, being the things, the stereotypes, the things we expect to see within a Gothic novel.

We see that Stevenson frequently subverts those.

Let's have a look at what that word subvert means.

Well, sub comes from the Latin below, and vert comes from the Latin turn.

What does this mean then? Well, it means to subvert something is to turn it upside down, to do the opposite of what is expected.

So we can say that Stevenson frequently subverts, does the opposite of what we might expect to see in a Gothic novel.

Okay, time for a check for understanding now, true or false, Stevenson subverts the conventions of the popular Gothic genre in order to disorientate the reader.

True or false? Pause the video, make your guess, and press Play when you're ready for the answer.

Well done if you said true, as Stevenson does subvert conventions.

Now, let's justify it.

Okay, let's try and explain why does he do it then? So, is it A, that he wants to heighten the intrigue for the reader, which is in keeping with the thrilling nature of the novel? Or is it B, that he wants to emphasise how even the familiar can become strange? Pause the video, have a think, and press Play when you are ready for the response.

Well done if you said B.

We'll look at this in more detail, but I think that Stevenson is trying to show that even familiar settings, even things that we think feel really safe can become strange and potentially even dangerous.

We'll dig into that in a little bit more detail shortly.

Okay, so let's have a think and in a little bit more detail then about how Stevenson subverts the typical Gothic setting.

So here is one typical Gothic convention that we would expect to see in a Gothic novel.

So we'd expect to see a lot of darkness and a lot of incidents often taking place at night.

So let's think about how Stevenson subverts that, shall we? Well, we know that actually, even when they're outside, Stevenson often describes how the streets are lit by lamps.

And in the houses where a lot of our characters live, they're often very well lit, often with a bright, warm, cosy fire.

So why might Stevenson do this? What might be the purpose of this subversion be? Well, it could be because Stevenson wants to remind the reader that evil can be done at any time, day or night, and he wants to create this extra sense of fear for his readers and reminding them that your homes are not always safe.

Over to you now.

We often expect Gothic novels to be set in very isolated settings.

So for example, forests or hidden valleys, we might expect a Gothic novel to be set there.

However, that's not what Stevenson does.

So pause the video and have a discussion, and think about, okay, how does Stevenson subvert these expectations? Where is a lot of "The Strange Case of Dr.

Jacque and Mr. Hyde" set? And think about why.

Why does Stevenson do that? What is his purpose? Pause the video, have a discussion, and press Play when you are ready to continue.

Fantastic discussions going on there.

I heard loads of great ideas, particularly around how Stevenson subverts the Gothic genre.

So up here, our text is set within the streets of London, which are often very busy.

We know that Hyde's crimes are often witnessed by the public.

Something that doesn't always happen in Gothic novels, Gothic novellas.

So we know from the story of the door in chapter 1 that actually lots of people witness Mr. Hyde trampling over the small girl.

Okay, so why might Stevenson do this then? Well, well done to those of you who said that actually often evil is visible.

It's not something that's always hidden away.

Sometimes we do observe terrible crimes happening.

And it also reminds us that sometimes society chooses to look the other way.

It can sometimes choose to ignore the terrible things that are happening.

Well done if you said any of these things, and I'm sure there are plenty of other ideas that you may have had.

Okay, let's do another check for understanding then.

True or false, Stevenson's novel is filled with striking juxtapositions.

Pause the video, have a think, and press by when you're ready to continue.

Yes, well done if you said true.

Of course, there are these juxtapositions.

Things that we wouldn't necessarily expect to go together.

Let's try and justify our answer, justify why do we think Stevenson uses these juxtapositions.

So is it A, the juxtaposition of rich and poor, dark and light, indoors and outdoors, they all link to the theme of duality, or is it B, the juxtaposition of rich and poor, dark and light, indoors and outdoors, they're just very typical of big cities.

What do you think the main reason or the best justification for Stevenson's use of striking juxtapositions is? Pause the video, have a discussion, have a think, and press Play when you are ready for the response.

Well done if you said A.

Of course, both of these can be true.

We know that big cities do have a juxtaposition of rich and poor, dark and light, indoor outdoor, that is true.

But the first justification is a more sophisticated justification, because actually, we know the theme of duality is a really important and core theme to this novel.

So these juxtapositions really do represent that duality that we see throughout at Stevenson's novel.

Okay, now it's time for our first practise activity of the lesson.

So I'm gonna share with you three subordinate clauses.

So incomplete sentences.

And each of these are gonna begin with a coordinating conjunction.

What you are gonna do is you're gonna complete the sentences to create complex sentences.

Complex sentences, which are gonna express really complex ideas.

And these complex ideas are all gonna be focused on Stevenson's subversion of the Gothic genre.

Therefore, in each of these sentences, I want you to make sure you use the word subvert or subversion at least once.

Let's look then at the subordinate clauses, which we are gonna turn into full sentences.

Although Jekyll and Hyde is commonly referred to as a Gothic novel, you complete that sentence.

Despite the mainly comfortable settings of the novel, complete that sentence.

And by subverting the conventions of the Gothic novel, complete that sentence.

So in each of those three sentences, you're gonna need the word subvert or subversion.

You can see the first two, you're gonna have to add them yourself.

The second, the third sentence already has that verb subverting, so you may not need to use it again, but you may wish to.

So complete all three of these sentences using the words subverts, subversion, really thinking about Stevenson's purpose.

Pause the video, give this task a go, and press Play when you are ready to continue.

Well done.

I could see you working really, really hard on that activity.

I'm really interested to see how you completed all these sentences.

I'm gonna share with you three examples.

They're just model examples.

Of course, you could have said many, many different things to complete these sentences, but I'm gonna share with you some.

You can compare yours and see if you had any similar ideas.

So let's have a look at the first one.

Although Jekyll and Hyde is often, is usually described as a Gothic novel, Stevenson subverts the genre's conventions.

Instead of settings instantly recognisable as hostile, he gives us familiar settings.

This serves as a reminder that evil exists everywhere.

And despite the mainly comfortable settings of the novel, there is nothing comfortable about the novel's message, which is that all humanity is capable of great wickedness, a subversion of the idea that evil is often associated with the lower criminal classes.

So there's a subversion of this idea that only those people who outwardly look evil, the criminals are capable of terrible things, actually all of humanity.

And in this case, often a lot of the respectable upper classes are capable of these things.

And finally, by subverting the conventions of the Gothic novel, Stevenson creates a suitably unsettling framework for his deeply disturbing novel.

Well done if you had any of these ideas, and of course, you may have had different things as well.

Okay, now looking at our second learning cycle today, and this is all about tracking settings across the novel.

So there are arguably three key settings in the novel.

These are Dr.

Jekyll's home, Dr.

Jekyll's laboratory, and Mr. Hyde's home in Soho and the streets that surround it.

Let's have a discussion then.

We're gonna pause the video and have a discussion.

What would you say these settings are like and how is Stevenson using those settings to convey his ideas? What is he telling us through these settings? Pause the video, have a discussion, and press Play when you are ready to continue.

Well done.

I had some really fantastic discussions there.

I want to just pull on some of the ideas that I heard.

So well done if those of you who, when talking about Jekyll's home, were talking about how respectable and welcoming it seemed.

You could have used quotes like wealth and comfort, bright, open fire, all of these things linked to the theme of concealment, because we know that actually Jekyll is concealing lots of secrets, and this is really a facade of respectability, a front.

Whereas Jekyll's laboratory, well, we'd expect a scientist to have a laboratory.

Okay, that doesn't seem an idea that's juxtaposed to us.

Scientists work in laboratories.

However, we know his laboratory contains pious books, annotated with blasphemies.

There's a real sense of hypocrisy here in the way that Jekyll, apparently a man of science and logic actually behaves within his laboratory.

And then we have the streets of London.

And particularly, Mr. Hyde's home in Soho.

And you could have used these quotations like Slatternly passages, gin palaces, muddy ways, all of which Soho really represents a very sordid side of London.

And this represents Hyde's sordid personality.

Well done if you've said any of these things when discussing Stevenson's use of setting.

Okay, check for understanding now.

I'm gonna give you two detailed interpretations of Stevenson's depiction of these three key settings.

I would like you to tell me which is the better interpretation.

Is it A, that Stevenson is exploring the duality of human nature and how respectability and depravity can exist side by side in an individual? Or is it B, Stevenson's intention is to show how the middle class comfort can exist side by side with poverty and deprivation in a big city.

Pause the video, have a discussion, and press Play when you are ready to continue.

Yes, well done if you said A.

Again, doesn't mean that B is wrong, but A is a more sophisticated interpretation.

Ultimately, Stevenson juxtaposes these different settings to explore the idea of duality of human nature, how people can both behave in respectable ways, but also have this real depravity that lives within them.

Well done if you got that correct.

Okay, onto our second practise task of today's lesson.

So I want to imagine that a student is planning an essay about Stevenson's use of setting in Jekyll and Hyde.

They need your help because whilst they know the points they want to make, they're not sure which quotations they want to use to support each point.

So what I want you to do is think about quotations that we've either already looked at in today's lesson or any other quotations that you know about setting that can be useful for supporting this student in supporting the arguments they want to make.

Let's look at the arguments that they are gonna make then.

So firstly, they want to say that Stevenson uses setting to show the insincerity of Jekyll's morality, that Jekyll might be behaving one way, but he's actually being quite insincere.

Secondly, we want to use, find some quotation, which highlight the depths of squalor that Hyde lives in.

And finally, how setting is used to contradict the reality of Jekyll's personality.

So pause the video, look for some quotations, think about how they can be used to support these points, and press Play when you are ready to continue.

Well done.

Great job on that.

And well done those of you who are trying to use some quotations from elsewhere in the text, not just the ones we've looked at in today's lesson.

I'm gonna share some responses with you.

Of course, these are not the only answers.

We know when we're using quotation that we can use many different quotations to prove certain points.

I'm gonna show you how I've used some of the quotations that we've already looked at in today's lesson.

So Stevenson uses setting to show the insincerity of Jekyll's outward morality.

And I really want to use this quotation to describe some of the texts that are in Jekyll's laboratory.

Those words, pious and blasphemies, they all show that Jekyll takes pleasure in mocking religion, and show that there's a real insincerity about his personality at times.

I want to talk about the listing methods that Stevenson uses to really show just the level of squalor that Hyde lives in.

So these short phrases like slatternly passages, gin palaces, muddy ways, they suggest that dirt and disorder really do surround Hyde.

And finally, the setting contradicts the reality of Jekyll's personality.

We know that his house, his home is described as being bright and open, yet we know that Jekyll is full of secrets.

So there is a real juxtaposition here, a contradiction between Jekyll's home and his personality.

Well done if you said any of these things.

And of course, well done if you found any quotations of your own.

Okay, our final learning cycle today is all about the context of Stevenson's novel.

Okay, so we know that London is a real key setting of this novel, both because it helps create the atmosphere.

We know the kind of the street lit lamps of London really do create a sense of atmosphere, but also, and perhaps more importantly, because it has a real relationship to the novel's key theme of duality.

We're gonna think about that idea in a little bit more detail.

Here below, two students, Laura and Andeep, they've shared some contextual knowledge that they know about Victorian London.

So Laura has researched and found out that the Metropolitan Police Service was founded in 1829.

The Metropolitan Police was likely to be trusted a lot more by the rich people in society than it was by the poor.

So that's what Laura has found out.

Andeep has found out the following thing that actually economically, London was booming in Victorian Britain, okay? There was lots of money to be made living in London.

However, it was estimated that about 30% of Londoners lived in poverty.

So these are two interesting facts.

I want you to think about, do you know anything else about Victorian London? Is there anything else you know about life in London during the Victorian area? Pause the video, have a quick discussion, and press Play when you are ready to continue.

Well done.

I heard some great ideas there.

I heard some things about the differences between the ruling class and the working classes, the upper and the lower classes.

And there being a real divide there.

I think that leans into what Andeep was saying about how many people lived in poverty.

Okay, let's do a check for understanding then.

There are many crimes in the novel, but only one appearance of a police officer.

Which of the following do you think best explains this? Is it because A, London was a poorly policed in the Victorian era? Was it B, the forces of law cannot manage to contain Hyde's level of evil? Or is it C, that Stevenson wanted to depict London as being lawless? Pause the video, guess your response, and press Play when you're ready to continue.

Yes, of course, as we saw from Laura's fact, actually, we know the Metropolitan Police Force existed in London in this era.

So it wasn't that London was poorly policed or that it was a lawless city, but actually, Stevenson really wants to highlight how Hyde's evil was so difficult to contain.

Okay, our final task of today's lesson, I want you to use everything that you've learned in the lesson today to write a paragraph that follows this topic sentence.

So the topic sentence I'm gonna start with is Stevenson's London is a divided city, which mirrors the division in the characters.

So I want you to refer to juxtaposition, different types of housing.

I want you to mention specifically Jekyll and the secrets that we know he holds.

And you may even wish to bring in the weather.

So pause the video, write out a sentence that Stevenson, sorry, your paragraph.

Your paragraph is gonna start with the sentence, Stevenson's London is a divided city which mirrors the divisions in the characters.

Press Play when you are ready to continue.

Fantastic work, everyone.

I could see some really, really interesting paragraphs and I'm really interested to see what you've written.

On the screen, you can see my example.

This is not the only thing you could have said, of course, but I want you to compare it to yours and see if there are any ideas that you can use within your own paragraphs.

So Stevenson's London is a divided city, and that mirrors the division in the characters.

Jekyll is the most divided of the characters because he carries within him the evil Mr. Hyde.

The juxtaposition of comfortable middle class houses and squalid slums also reveals the divisive nature of the city.

Even the weather acts as a divisive element, making it hard for people to really see each other and often concealing many unpleasant truths.

Pause the video, take any of these ideas that you can see on the screen, and use them to enhance your own paragraph, and press Play when you are ready to continue.

All right, well done.

We've reached the end of today's lesson, A two-sided city.

On the screen, you can see a summary of what we have covered.

So do pause if you need to and read through this summary to make sure you have definitely understood everything that we've covered today.

Thank you very much for joining me, and I hope you will join me for one of the other lessons in this unit.

Thank you.

Goodbye.