Hello, welcome to today's lesson: setting and character.

My name is Mr. Barnsley.

Let's get started.

So the outcome of today's lesson.

Well, by the end of the lesson, you'll be able to explain Stevenson's purpose in linking setting to characters.

So we're really gonna be looking at making those links between the settings that Stevenson chooses to use and what it tells us about his characters.

We're gonna start with our keywords.

So here are four words that you should expect to encounter in today's lesson.

They are juggernaut, concealed, subvert, and motif.

Let's take a moment then to make sure we understand what each four of these words mean.

Very shortly, the definitions are all gonna appear on the screen.

Make sure you read through each of them carefully, pausing if you need to because it's really important that you do understand what each of these four words mean 'cause you will be seeing them in today's lesson.

Let's have a look at them then.

Okay, let's look at the lesson outline for today's lesson.

So two learning cycles today.

Firstly, we're gonna be looking at Stevenson's use of time in the novel, and we're also gonna be looking at Stevenson's use of weather in the novel.

So let's get straight in with our first learning cycle: Stevenson's use of time.

Let's start with a discussion then, shall we? I want you to think about what do you associate with the words day and night? So pause the video.

If you've got a partner, you can discuss with them.

If you're working by yourself, you can make a few notes.

What do you associate with the words day and night? Pause the video and off you go.

I heard some really interesting discussions there.

Loads and loads of great ideas.

I want to just pick on or pull out some of those fantastic things that you were saying.

So let's start with day.

When we think about day, I was hearing people use adjectives like bright or open, really visible.

So things that happen at day seem very visible to us.

We might see them, they seem clearer.

Things are more open, truthful, honest perhaps.

Let's contrast that with the things we were saying about night, shall we? So I heard things like darkness.

I heard that a lot.

Secrets or secretive.

This kind of really goes hand in hand with darkness.

What is hiding in that darkness? There you go, hidden, one of the other words I heard there.

You may have said many different words from this.

There were many, many connotations that we can have with the words day and night.

I really want us to think about those and hold onto these ideas as we continue throughout this lesson.

So I want to start then by thinking about four key events that happen in the novel "The Strange Case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." I also want to draw your attention to the times in which these four events happen.

Let's look through them together.

And then we're gonna think about what Stevenson's purpose was of tying these events with these times.

Let's have a look at the first event.

So the first event happening in chapter one is when Hyde tramples over a young girl "like some damned juggernaut." Now, this happens at 3 o'clock of a black winter morning.

So this happens in the middle of the night, 3 o'clock in the morning.

This is when this happens.

Second event, when Hyde murders Sir Danvers Carew, the MP, the member of parliament.

Let's think about when this happens.

Well, this happens while a fog rolled over the city in the small hours.

The small hours again is a reference to the early hours of the morning, so the middle of the night, the early hours of the morning.

We know that later in the novella, Jekyll transforms into Hyde and he does this in Regents Park.

Regents Park, a very famous park in the middle of London, very open space.

Let's see when this happens.

Well, this happens on a fine clear January day, day being very important there.

And finally, we know that Jekyll's manservant, his butler Poole, he comes to beg Utterson for help.

When does this happen? Well, this happens one evening after dinner.

So you can see four very important events in the novel and all happening at very, very different times of the day.

What I want you to do is gonna pause the video.

We're gonna have a bit of discussion and I want you to think about what does the use of time imply about the characters? Why do you think Stevenson decided to set certain events in the middle of the night and some in day? What're we learning about the characters through Stevenson's use of time? Pause the video, discuss with a partner if you have one.

Make some notes if you are by yourself and press play when you're ready to continue.

Good luck.

Off you go.

Well done.

I heard some really, really interesting detailed discussions there.

Some people going back and forth, having a couple of disagreements on what Stevenson's purpose may have been.

Let's have a look at some of the things that you may have said.

And as a reminder, the great thing about literature is that there are often more than one right answer.

So just 'cause you might not have these ideas doesn't necessarily mean you are wrong, as long as you can justify and explain why you came up with your interpretations.

Let's look at some of the interpretations that I heard that I thought were really good.

So when Hyde tramples on the young girl at 3 o'clock on a black winter morning, what could we say about this? Well, we could look at the reference to winter, winter, a very cold and dark time of the year.

And this could reference the cold heartedness of Hyde and his malicious actions.

Well done if you said something like that.

And we know Sir Danvers Carew is murdered again in the small hours of the night while the fog rolled over the city.

The small hours is the quietest time of the night.

It's when most people are asleep and so the city is quiet, the small hours.

And it almost represents this kind of pause, this calmness before the murder.

But this pause, potentially quite sinister suggests that, you know, thought maybe has gone into this murder.

We often think of this murder as being a very irrational act, but this kind of sense of pause and quietness maybe might make us think about, well, did Hyde mean to murder Sir Danvers Carew? Was this a deliberate act? And we know that Jekyll transforms into Hyde in Regents Park on a clear January day, and this is later in the text when we're seeing that Jekyll's secret is becoming more and more out in the open.

This transformation isn't happening under the cloak of darkness, but happening in broad daylight in a very public area.

This is showing how Hyde is becoming more and more powerful and has more control over these transitions perhaps than Jekyll does.

And finally, we know that Poole comes for Utterson's help after evening, one evening after dinner.

And this really shows an interruption of the domestic life of Utterson's kind of day-to-day domestic life, and shows that these horrific things that were happening in Jekyll's life could not be just pushed aside and they were interrupting into the day-to-day life of everyone.

Well done if you said any of those things.

That's really impressive.

And of course, if you had other ideas, that's fantastic too.

Just make sure you've got really clear ways of justifying them.

Okay, it is time for a check for understanding now, and I want you to tell me, I'll see if you can tell me, how does Stevenson use time in the novel? Here are four ideas and I want you to think about which you think is the most effective way.

Is it A, as a mechanism for plotting key events? Is it B, to manage the structure of the novel? Is it C, to reflect the character's feelings? Or is it D, to highlight key themes? Have a think, pause the video, give this a go and press play when you are ready to continue.

Fantastic.

I heard some really, really great ideas there.

Well done to people who picked C.

There's a bit of a clue in the title of today's lesson, setting and character.

But yes, we really want to think about how Stevenson uses these settings and time, in particular, the time he sets his novel in to show what it reflects about our characters and maybe their hidden secrets.

Well done if you picked C.

Okay, there is a task now for you.

So we have been through these key plot points, these key events and the time of the day that they happen.

Now I want you to have a more formal discussion and think about how these link to the theme of concealment.

Concealment we know is a very important theme in the novel.

It was one of our keywords in today's lesson, but it's this idea that people are hiding the truth.

They're concealing their thoughts, their feelings, their desires, and their actions.

So I want you to think about how these plot points and more importantly, the time of the day link to the theme of concealment.

So as always, if you've got a partner to discuss with, this is a brilliant time to have a discussion.

If you're working by yourself, you can make some notes, maybe a spider diagram and press play.

Pause the video to do this and press play when you're ready to continue.

Good luck.

See you shortly.

Fantastic, I heard some great discussions, saw some brilliant note taking.

Again, as ever, why we love English, there are many, many different answers that could be possible.

What I want to do is just draw your attention to some of the fantastic things that I heard.

So you could have talked about how the darkness of the night, they represent the secret darkness in Jekyll's soul.

That's a lovely interpretation.

Well done if you said something similar.

Darkness also implies lies, okay? And concealment.

So things hidden within darkness.

I heard some people talking about ignorance, everyone being in the dark about Jekyll's true nature.

That includes the reader.

Remember, we as a reader do not find out the truth about Jekyll until the very end, the denouement of the text.

So even the readers are in the dark with Jekyll's true feelings.

You could talk, and well done to those of you who talked about the significance of Jekyll turning into Hyde in broad daylight.

Here we've got Stevenson subverting, turning things on its head.

Remember that keyword, to turn things on their head.

Stevenson subverts the idea that daylight is good and daylight is safe.

Stevenson is really implying that evil is hard to see maybe, even when it's obvious and potentially, he's making criticism of those people who overlook and choose to look the other way.

He's not saying that evil is something that only happens in the darkness and the hidden of night.

And actually, some things can be in front of our faces and we choose to ignore them.

Loads of fantastic ideas there.

Well done to anything you've said and any other ideas, of course, that you have come up with.

All right, let's move on to the second learning cycle, the second part of today's lesson.

And now we're gonna be looking at Stevenson's use of weather in his novel.

Okay, I want to start by thinking about what is a motif? This was one of our keywords.

So let's just pause the video.

Remind ourselves what is a motif? Press play when you are ready to continue.

Yes, of course, I heard some really great ideas there and well done for everyone who said that a motif is a reoccurring image that's used across a text and it's an image that's used to convey specific ideas.

Now, in "The strange case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," the weather is a very key motif.

It's an image that we come back to time and time again, specifically windy and foggy weather.

Let's have a look in a little bit more detail about when and how this occurs in the text.

Okay, so what we're gonna do now is we're gonna look at four key events and quotations.

So we're gonna look at a plot point with a quotation, each of which is gonna demonstrate either the motif of the fog or the wind.

So overall, the motif of weather.

Let's look at them and then we're gonna start thinking about Stevenson's purpose.

Why did he include them? So firstly, when Utterson is haunting Hyde's house, he's on the lookout, he's watching, searching for Hyde.

We know he does this at night under the face of the fogged city moon.

When Hyde murders Sir Danvers Carew, the MP, he does this while a fog rolled over the city.

When Utterson goes to Hyde's house, Stevenson describes the wind was continually charging.

And finally, when Utterson and Poole go to Jekyll's house at the end of the novella, they go on a wild, cold night when the wind made talking difficult.

So these are all examples where we see the motif of weather, either the motif of the fog in the first two or the motif of the wind.

So what we're gonna think about, the key point of today's lesson is always bringing our analysis back to Stevenson's purpose.

What is he trying to tell us about his characters? What message is he trying to give us? So I'm gonna look at the fog quotations with you.

What we're gonna do is we're gonna analyse the language in there and we're gonna link it to Stevenson's purpose.

So let's look at that first quote when Utterson begins to haunt Hyde's house at night under the face of the fogged city moon.

So let's look at some detailed language analysis.

Face, Utterson feels like he's being watched by the moon.

And it's ironic 'cause actually, he's the one doing the watching.

He's the one doing the stalking of Hyde.

And the moon is too fogged to give light.

So we expect a moon to provide some light in the darkness.

But actually, when the fog is over it, that means there's even less darkness, there's more secrecy.

Sorry, there's even less visibility, there's more darkness, there's even more secrecy.

What's Stevenson's purpose then? Well, he wants to stress how we often see the truth without understanding it.

Observing isn't enough.

And I think that he's been quite critical here of particularly Utterson who often sees things happening but doesn't do enough questioning.

He doesn't question what his good friend Jekyll is doing.

And it's like the moon, the light of the moon is being hidden by the fog.

So the secrets, the secrecy and the darkness is retained.

Let's look at this second quotation then.

Whilst a fog rolled over the city.

Language analysis.

Well, rolled is like an animal.

It matches Hyde's savage behaviour in his murder of Sir Danvers Carew.

And the word over suggests that actually, the whole city is being covered by this evil.

The acts of Jekyll and and Hyde are shrouding the whole city in evil.

Again, let's think about Stevenson's purpose.

Well, he wants to show how connected Hyde and London are.

Stevenson may be saying that we're all products of our environment.

And actually, here he's being critical of London and the societies that live in London.

And maybe he's saying here that Hyde is a product of this city, is a product of these societies who are often quite hypocritical, who say you should behave in one way, but actually, under the shroud of darkness behave in different ways.

Some really detailed analysis there.

Okay, time for a check for understanding now.

We've been thinking of some quite complex inferences, so I really want to make sure we understand that we have understood everything that we have discussed so far.

So true or false, the weather motif in Jekyll and Hyde speaks of a deep pessimism about human nature.

So this is Stevenson saying he's quite pessimistic.

He doesn't feel that humans always behave in the way that they should do.

And he uses the weather motif to explore that.

Is that true or false? Pause the video.

Give this a go and press play when you're ready to continue.

Yes, well done if you said that is true.

Now let's try and justify our answers.

So I'm gonna give you two justifications.

I want you to decide which you think is the most appropriate, the most sophisticated.

Is it A? All the characters seem frightened of their environment.

They don't like to spend time in the dark and foggy streets.

Or all the characters seem frustrated and powerless.

They can't seem to see the truth or make themselves understood.

So A or B? Pause the video, give this a go and press play when you are ready to continue.

Congratulations if you said A.

So the weather motif is really used to show the frustrations of the characters and how powerless they feel.

Sometimes they can't see the truth.

Sometimes they're deliberately not looking for the truth.

And sometimes, particularly in the case of Jekyll doesn't really make himself understood to his peers.

Well done if you've got those answers correct.

Now it's over to you and you are going to do exactly what we've just done together, but independently now by looking at the two quotations about the wind.

So a way to analyse the language, pick out keywords and try and think about, as we do when we do language analysis, what do these words mean? Are there any other connotations? What could they be telling us? And then try and link them to Stevenson's purpose.

What's he trying to tell us about individual characters or key events in the novel? So over to you now.

Pause the video, give this a go, give this your best shot and press play when you are ready to continue.

Really good job there, everyone.

This is not an easy task.

I was really impressed to see how hard you were trying with this.

Let's have a look at some of the ideas that you could have said.

So for the language analysis in this first quotation, you could have talked about that verb charging.

It's very hostile, makes the scene seem quite dangerous.

And continually means it's unceasing, it won't stop.

It mean means that Utterson feels like he's under a permanent attack.

Well, why might Stevenson have done these things? Well, he wants to show that even the environment is hostile to people's attempts to find the truth.

In some ways, he's personifying London and the setting to just show how difficult it can be to find the truth in society.

Looking at this second quotation about the wind made talking difficult on this wild, cold night.

Well done if you picked out that this adjective wild.

We can link it to Hyde's nature and the way he behaves.

The cold is like the search for Hyde.

Often throughout this novel, the characters are coming up short.

They can't find out the answers.

Their quest is a cold one.

And then talking difficult.

The lack of communication between characters is really evident.

A lot of this mystery, this case could have been solved if characters actually spoke to each other, but they keep so many secrets.

So I think well done if you made connections between the wind, this motif here and the lack of communication.

So what's Stevenson's purpose? Well, he shows that language, which is one of the signs of civilization, it can be ineffective against wickedness, particularly if characters choose not to use language, choose not to use communication.

And I want you to think about all those opportunities that characters have to know the truth, but they choose not to do that talking.

Well done if you said anything similar to what's on the screen.

But of course, as ever in English, if you've got other things, that does not mean you are wrong.

As long as you are justifying those things and they are logical and they make sense, then you absolutely make different interpretations from these quotations.

Okay, thank you so much for joining me for today's lesson: character and setting.

I really enjoyed the discussions that you've had.

Some really nuanced and tricky ideas as we've tried to connect setting to character.

On the screen, you can see a summary of everything that we have covered.

So do take your time to read through these, pausing the video if you need to, and making sure that you've understood all of these four key points.

Thank you so much for joining me today, and I hope to see you in another lesson in this unit in the future.

Thank you.

Goodbye.