Hello, and welcome to today's lesson, setting and concealment.

My name is Mr. Barnsley.

Let's get started with today's lesson.

So the outcome of today's lesson.

So by the end of the lesson, you will be able to analyse the importance of the fog in "The Strange Case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde".

Let's start with our keywords then, five keywords that you should expect to encounter during today's lesson.

They are pall, twilight, liminal, concept, and concealed.

So let's take a moment to look through each of the definitions.

They are gonna appear on the screen.

Read through each of them carefully to make sure you understand what each of these words mean.

If you need to, do pause the video and take a couple more moments to read through each of them individually.

Okay, so the lesson outline for today, we're gonna be looking at the fog motif in chapter four, and then we're gonna be looking at the fog motif in chapter five.

So let's get started straight away with chapter four.

Okay, let's get started with a very quick discussion.

Let's remind ourselves what that word motif means.

It is a word that we've come across before, or we should have come across before.

So let's remind our ourself what the word motif means.

And then a challenge question, why does Stevenson use the motif of fog in his novel? Pause the video, have a discussion with a partner if you have one.

If not and you're working by yourself, just make a few notes and press play when you are ready to continue.

Off you go, best of luck.

Well done, I heard some really, really good responses.

Lots of people talking about a motif being an image or reoccurring image that might help convey ideas across a text, and we had some fantastic ideas about the motif of fog being used to represent secrecy and things being unclear or hidden within the novel.

So we know this is a mystery.

This is a case, and so therefore there are lots of things that are unclear to both the characters and to the reader.

And the fog is a representation of that, and it occurs throughout the novella.

So we are gonna look then at chapter four.

So we're gonna read a little bit from chapter four.

This is where Mr. Utterson is going to Mr. Hyde's house after the death of Sir Danvers Carew.

So we're gonna read the extract, and I'm gonna give you some questions to discuss.

So follow along as I read to you, and get ready to pause the video and discuss or think about your responses to some of these questions.

It was by this time about nine in the morning, and the first fog of the season.

A great chocolate-colored pall lowered over heaven, but the wind was continually charging and routing these embattled vapours so that as the cab crawled from street to street, Mr. Utterson beheld a marvellous number of degrees and hues of twilight.

So we know that the fog has mixed with the London dust and it's created this great chocolate-colored pall.

Pall, one of our key words.

Let's have a think then, what might this suggest about how London is affected by nature and human beings? So think about that question.

What might this suggest about how London is affected by nature and human beings? And even better if you can link this to Stevenson's own ideas about morality.

Challenging question here, so do take your time, pause the video, have a discussion with a partner or make some notes by yourself.

Give it a go, it is a tricky one, and press play when you are ready for some responses.

Well done, that was not an easy question.

I heard some really nice ideas.

I just want to pull apart some of those things that I heard.

So well done to those of you said London is being buried, so that's where that word pall comes from, by a combination of natural forces, the fog and the wind, and the manmade, which is the dust.

And the dust is obviously a creation of the city's pollution.

So what we're seeing here is London, or the lack of clarity we see in London is a combination of both natural forces and manmade forces, the fog and the wind and the dust.

So Stevenson, let's think about what Stevenson might be saying here.

We always want to think about Stevenson's purpose.

He may be saying that human beings have a corrupting force on their environment.

So this isn't just, you know, this isn't an a natural eeriness, a natural secrecy that is falling over the city.

This is a human, this is being impacted by humans who are a corrupting force.

The pall could also represent potentially the death, the death of Danvers Carew that's hanging over the city.

So lots of mystery, lots of danger hanging over the city here.

Well done if you said any of these things.

Okay, let's look at this extract in a bit more detail, some more questions for you then.

So we know that the fog is mixed with dirt, and it's created the impression that it is twilight, not morning, okay? So it is nine in the morning, but this kind of dark mist creates this idea of twilight, twilight being kind of early evening as the darkness starts to settle in.

So I want you to think about how this might link to the novel's theme of transformation.

It is nine o'clock in the morning, but it looks like it is the early evening.

How does that link to the themes, the novel's theme of transformation? Pause the video, have a little bit of a discussion, make some notes, and press play when you are ready to hear some responses.

Well done, some great discussion there.

So we know that twilight occurs at the turning point of the day.

It's not quite light, but it's not quite dark, that early evening.

And this matches the idea that of the Jekyll and Hyde character, where his personality is always shifting.

It's unfixed, you know, he's not quite one.

We can use that key word liminal to describe this time of the day.

The liminal time of the day can also be said to reflect Hyde.

He exists on the margins of society.

He exists in the shadows.

So this use of the fog which creates this sense of twilight but in the day really can be used to describe or as a representation of the Jekyll and Hyde characters.

A really nuanced, complex idea, but a fantastic one to talk about if you understand it.

Let's carry on reading a little bit more of the extract from chapter four.

For here it would be dark like the backend of evening, and there would be a glow of a rich, lurid brown, like the light of some strange conflagration.

And here, for a moment, the fog would be quite broken up, and a haggard shaft of daylight would glance in between the swirling wreaths.

Okay, so sometimes we see that the thick fog shifts, and Utterson can then see more of the street.

We see that haggard shaft of daylight breaking through.

What do you think this might be telling us? What might be the purpose of this light breaking through the fog? What might it reflect about Utterson's state of mind? Over to you for this one, so pause the video, discuss, make some notes, give this a go.

Challenging question.

Press play when you are ready to hear some responses.

Nice work there, I could hear some really interesting discussion.

So well done to those of you who might have picked the idea, picked up on the idea that the fog with its swirling obscuring qualities could be said to represent Utterson's own confusion and his inability to see the truth.

However, like the fog, there are moments of clarity when that daylight breaks through, but it's only narrow, it's a shaft, it's haggard.

Okay, so Utterson does have moments where you see him thinking, "Something's not quite right here," or he might be trying to break through and realise exactly what isn't quite right with Jekyll.

But he never quite breaks through until the end of the novella.

And that adds to this sense, this case, this mystery of the novella.

Lots of things are hidden from us.

We get these snapshots of daylight, snapshots of clarity, but they don't quite break through enough for us to know what is happening between Jekyll and Hyde and to lead the nuance of the text.

Well done if you said any of those things, that was a really challenging discussion, fantastic job.

Okay, another extract I want us to continue reading.

As the cab drew up before the address indicated, the fog lifted a little and showed him a dingy street, a gin palace, a low French eating-house, a shop for the retail of penny numbers and two-penny salads.

Many ragged children huddled in the doorways, and many women of different nationalities passing out, key in hand, to have a morning glass.

And the next moment the fog settled down again upon that part, as brown as umber, and cut him off from his blackguardly surroundings.

We see in this extract the fog is being personified.

How does the use of personification add to our understanding of Utterson's ignorance of the truth.

Okay, so the fog is personified.

It almost feels like it is a character in itself.

How does that add to our understanding of Utterson's ignorance of the truth? Pause the video, have a discussion, and press play with when you are ready to continue.

Great, a really tricky discussion as I've been really pushing you and challenging you today.

So the fog seems to be in control of what Utterson can and can't see.

Sometimes you can see a little and then it will be cut off.

And that something is similarly happening to the readers.

We've just discussed, we as the reader get glimpses of the truth from Stevenson, but he does not let us know the full response.

So you could argue in this, you could argue the fog is a justification of saying, well, it's not Utterson's fault that he doesn't confront Jekyll, that he doesn't solve this mystery because the fog is stopping him from seeing the truth.

And we can talk about whether we think Utterson is guilty of not doing enough.

Certainly an interesting discussion that we may wish to have.

Okay, a check for understanding now.

I'm gonna give you two responses.

I want you to decide which do you think is the most conceptualised explanation of Stevenson's use of the fog motif.

So two good responses, which is the most well-rounded, the most nuanced, the most conceptualised.

Is it A, the fog appears frequently in this chapter, providing the reader with a dramatically gothic and eerie atmosphere in which evil seems to flourish? Or is it B, Stevenson uses the fog as a device which both reveals and conceals, which then acts as a comment on the character's and the reader's ability to perceive the truth.

Pause the video, select your response, and press play when you are ready to continue.

Well done if you said B.

Of course, yes, the fog does ask act as a gothic trope.

It is something, it creates an eerie atmosphere, but it does much more than that.

And if we want to have a really nuanced answer, we can talk about how the fog is used to conceal both the character's and the reader's ability to perceive the truth.

Fantastic if you picked B there.

Okay, over to you.

I'm gonna give you some sentence stems, and I want you to explain your understanding of Stevenson's use of the motif of fog.

So Stevenson's personification of the fog is effective because.

The fog acts as an image of concealment, but.

Fog has mixed with dust to become smog, so.

So three sentences, you are going to finish these, adding your own interpretations of Stevenson's use of the motif fog.

Pause the video, give this a go, and press play when you are ready to continue.

Well done, fantastic work there.

I'm gonna share with you three sentences that you may have written.

Of course, you may have written something different and that's absolutely fine.

All we say is that make sure your inferences are logical and can be justified with evidence from the text.

So let's compare your sentences to the sentences that I've written, shall we? So Stevenson's personification of the fog is effective because it helps to create the idea of fog as a force of nature that protects Hyde from the forces of the law, lovely.

So fog acts as an image of concealment, but there are rare glimpses of light, just like Utterson partially glimpses the truth.

Wonderful, and fog has mixed with dust to become smog.

So we are given an impression of a city polluted by human activity, and that's a really nice way to talk about humans' impact on society.

So there are three great ideas.

You may have come up with different things.

Pause video now, compare, and if you want to use any of these ideas to improve your sentences, then go ahead.

Press play when you are ready to continue.

Okay, we are now ready to move on to our second learning cycle where we're gonna look at the use of the motif of fog in chapter five.

Right, let's look at two references to the fog in chapter five.

We're gonna look at one from the beginning of the chapter and one from the end of the chapter.

So at the start of chapter five, this is when Utterson goes to see Dr.

Jekyll, and we see the fog being described in this way.

So here's a quotation.

Even in the house, the fog lay thickly, and there close up to the warmth sat Dr.

Jekyll, looking deadly sick.

By the end of this chapter of the novel, Mr. Utterson is sitting with his clerk, and a note is brought to him from Dr.

Jekyll.

And we see this reference to the fog.

The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city.

So let's think about what is the significance of the fog and its effect on the characters.

Okay, how does the fog change from the beginning to the end? Or what are the similarities, and what does this tell us about the characters, The characters particularly of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Utterson.

Pause the video, have a discussion, and press play when you are ready to continue.

Fantastic discussion there, some lovely ideas.

I want to just spotlight some of the fantastic things that I heard, so you might have said for that first quotation, the significance, well, the fog seems suffocating.

The secrets that Jekyll hides are suffocating him.

He is hiding things, and these are making him ill, fatally ill.

So yes, it is the fog that seems suffocating, but actually for Jekyll, he's been suffocated by his own secrets.

Well done if you said something similar to that.

And the second quotation from the end of chapter five, the fog covers the whole city.

If the fog equals mystery, it's saying that the whole city is covered by the mystery of Jekyll and Hyde, and it really represents how Utterson's confusion is completely total.

Okay, he's in complete confusion here.

He does not know what is going on.

Well done if you had said any of these things.

And of course, you may have said some other things as well.

So on the screen now, you can see a depiction of all the different type of the moments in chapter four and chapter five when the motif of fog is explored.

So at the bottom you can see the first fog of the season in chapter four, up until the fog slept on the wing above the drowned city, it's drowning, suffocating the city in the fog at the end of chapter five.

What you can see here is the motif, the reoccurring image of the fog becomes more and more intense throughout the novel, so from that moment in chapter four to the end of chapter five.

This is a real representation about the intensity of the mystery and the secrecy in the novel.

And it's amazing if you can make those links when you are writing about the text, the links between the setting and the characters and the mystery that they are living within.

Time for a check for understanding now.

Again, I'm gonna challenge you to tell me which is the most detailed analysis of the fog motif in Jekyll and Hyde, which is the most detailed? Is it A, the mystifying nature of fog is heightened throughout chapters four and five because we see how it moves from inside Jekyll's house to suffocate in the entire city.

Or is it B, Stevenson says the fog slept on the wing of the drowned city, which is an effective, above the drowned city, sorry, which is an effective example of figurative language showing that fog is everywhere.

Which of these is the more detailed analysis? Pause the video, have a think, press play when you are ready to continue.

Well done if you said A.

B is kind of a slightly generic comment that this is some figurative language, it's some descriptive language.

I really like A, how it notices that the fog moves from around Jekyll's house, around Hyde's house, and spreads out to the whole city, showing the impact of Jekyll and Hyde's crimes and their secrecy starts at the personal level, but in the end ends up affecting the whole city and the characters in there.

It's a really nice analysis of how Stevenson uses that motif of fog.

Well done if you selected response A.

Okay, you are going to use the quotations now.

It's a practise test time.

You're gonna use the quotations that I've highlighted, which show an increasing intensity of the fog and mystery in the novel.

I want you to write a paragraph about Stevenson's purpose of the motif of fog.

Why does he use it? What's the impact of it? I've also highlighted some words that you may wish to zoom in on and talk in a little bit more detail.

So above, thickly, again, great, first.

Okay, so using these images on the slide, on the screen now I would like you to write your own paragraph about the purpose, Stevenson's purpose of the motif of the fog.

Pause the video, give this a go.

Build in as many ideas that we've discussed in today's lesson or you might have discussed in previous lessons, and press play when you are ready to continue.

Give this a go, best of luck.

Okay, fantastic work there, well done.

I could see lots of you trying to include loads of the ideas that we've discussed in today's lesson.

What I'm gonna do now, as you can see on the screen, I'm gonna share with you a model response, okay? You can compare this to your own paragraph, and if you like, you can take some of these ideas and add them to your own work.

So let's read through this together.

At first, Stevenson presents us with the first fog of the season, an initial hint of mystery.

Soon though, the fog is described as great.

It expands as Utterson walks along, getting closer to Hyde's home, the source of the mystery.

The fog's constant unsettling movements are captured in the word again.

We are given the impression of a restless, uncertain force of nature, an impression that is reflected in the fact that Utterson is pursuing an uncertain, unsettling murderer.

In Jekyll's room where the mystery is concentrated, the fog lies thickly, and finally it lies all over the drowned city, just like Utterson is completely immersed in the mystery.

So you can see here how this paragraph explains the journey, explains how this motif of fog intensifies alongside the intensification of the mystery.

Well done if you had similar ideas, and it's now time if you want to pause the video, and you can add some of these ideas to your own response.

Press play when you are ready to continue.

Okay, well done everybody.

We have reached the end of the lesson, today's lesson, setting and concealment.

On the screen, you can see a summary of what we have covered in today's lesson.

If you need to pause the video to read through these, make sure you've understood, totally understood everything that we have covered today.

Thank you so much for joining me and well done for all of your hard work, some fantastic discussion today.

I hope to see you in some of the future lessons in this unit.

Thank you for joining me, goodbye.