Hello everyone.

My name's Ms. Keller, and welcome to today's lesson.

In this session, we are going to be taking a deep dive into Robert Louis Stevenson's novella "The Strange Case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." And in particular, we are going to be focusing on the links between technology and dehumanisation.

So grab your copy of the text and let's get started.

So by the end of today's lesson, we will be able to explore how Stevenson's depictions of Mr. Hyde draw on Victorian fears of dehumanisation caused by the Industrial Revolution.

So let's explore today's keywords.

We have a primal and primitive, basic desires, dehumanising, cautionary tale, and ominous.

So I just want to draw your attention to that first word there, primal and primitive, because this is a word we use to describe something that is early or undeveloped.

We often describe prehistoric people as primitive.

So I'd just like you to bear that word in mind as we go through because it's a fantastic word to use to describe Mr. Hyde because we've got this idea that he doesn't show that human civilised behaviour that we might expect, and instead behaves in a primitive and animalistic way.

So how is today is lesson going to look? We are going to start off by exploring the wider context, and in particular, the Industrial Revolution.

And then when we've done that, we're going to have a deep dive into the text, focusing on Stevenson's depictions of dehumanisation.

So "The Strange Case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" was published in 1886, so this was during the Victorian era.

So I'd like to hand over to you for a quick fire discussion to get us started.

What words or phrases or ideas do you associate with this period of history? So pause the video here and click play when you're ready for us to feedback together.

Welcome back.

What a fantastic discussion that I overheard there to get us started off.

So here is a word cloud summarising some common ideas that we might associate with the Victorian era.

So do take a moment to study this really carefully.

How many of these words perhaps featured in your discussions or in your notes? And when you've done that, I'd like you to think about all these words as a whole.

What impression, what picture did these words give us of the Victorian era? So pause the video here while you take some time to think, discuss it, make some notes, and when you're ready for us to go through it together, click play, and we'll continue.

Welcome back.

Some fantastic discussions there.

So let's just explore how we might have connected some of these words or the links that we might have been able to draw between them.

So some common threads then that you might have unpicked when you were discussing these words.

So first of all, the Victorian era was a period of great change, and that word revolution should have suggested that to us.

Lots and lots of different changes happened during this period of history.

It was also in an era marked by technology, and we've got words here like engines and factories that give us that impression.

We also get the impression that it's a divided society, and we can see words like poverty, and class, and empire that might suggest to us that different members of Victorian society were living very, very different lives.

And then finally, we've got this idea that during this period, there was a great cultural shift, because we've got lots of links here to literature, and to art, and to etiquette, and fashion, suggesting that culture was a very important part of Victorian society.

I'd like to focus in this lesson on those big words in the centre, the Industrial Revolution.

And the Industrial Revolution had an enormous impact on Victorian society, and it began with the invention of the steam engine.

So how do you think this invention could have changed Victorian lives? So pause the video here while you have a think, take some time to discuss it and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play and we'll continue.

Welcome back.

So actually the steam engine had a massive impact on Victorian life, and it changed it in four really important ways.

So first of all, with the invention of the steam engine came the invention of farming machinery.

It also brought about the introduction of factories and manufacturing.

It introduced new methods of transport, such as the steam engine that you can see there, and it also led to the invention of electricity.

So how do you think these four things impacted Victorian society? How did it change life every day for Victorians? So pause the video here where you take some time to have a think and discuss it, and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

What was the impact of these things on society then? Well, it was huge.

So let's start with farming machinery.

So the invention of farming machinery meant that there were less people required to work on farms, and agriculture was actually a really big provider of jobs, particularly in rural areas prior to this point.

And as this change came about, less people were required to work on farms, many people found themselves leaving rural communities and moving to the city where there were jobs in factories, for example.

So this really changed how the population was distributed in Victorian society.

The rural communities began to decrease, and urban communities, people living in towns and cities, the population began to increase.

So then the introduction of factories and manufacturing.

So as we've just discussed, it created jobs for lots of people, and it meant that there was this shift of people towards cities and towns.

It also vastly increased profits.

People that owned factories became rich very, very quickly.

So this had a really big impact on the way that social class worked in Victorian times.

And as a result, it created a commercial industry.

This was the first time that shopping and buying and selling really took off in British society.

So then onto these new methods of transport.

So it actually made this trade and this commerce a lot easier to conduct because it was easier to trade over long distances.

So the products that were made in these factories could easily be transported across the country and also transported to other countries in the world.

And it also meant not only could we send our products to other countries in the world, but we were also able to import products from other countries.

And it also meant the Victorians were able to travel longer distances themselves.

So holidays became quite popular during this period of history.

And finally, the invention of electricity.

And this one obviously had an enormous change on society because if you even look around you right now, you will see so many different things that are using electricity to run, even the device that you are watching this lesson on.

So during the Victorian times, the invention of electricity led to the invention of the telephone, of light bulbs, lots and lots of different things that really changed how everyday life would've looked for Victorians.

So the Industrial Revolution brought many changes to Victorian society, as we've just discussed, and they were both positive and negative changes.

Let's start by thinking about those positive changes, the advantages.

Can you think of any ways that the Industrial Revolution might have been advantageous to Victorian society? So pause the video here and click play when you're ready to feedback together.

Welcome back.

So there were actually lots of advantages to Victorian society.

So we had this idea that there were more jobs, which meant more profits and more wealth.

Many people were much better off.

We also had this idea that there were lots of improved methods of communication.

It was easier for people to get in touch with people more quickly, across longer distances.

Society had access to these imported foods and fashion and art, and cities became cultural hubs, influenced by a diverse population as people were moving to these bigger cities for work.

And then also everyday Victorians will have seen their day-to-day lives improve because this technology meant that modern public conveniences were better.

For example, the sewage system, water, street lighting and transport, which would've made people's day-to-day lives easier and more comfortable.

And also they saw improvement to public services, for example, the fire service.

So now we've thought about this positive impact, let's think about the possible disadvantages.

So over to you again then.

Can you think of any disadvantages to the Industrial Revolution? Pause the video here and click play when you're ready for us to feedback together.

Welcome back.

So let's explore the disadvantages.

So the Industrial Revolution actually brought with it lots of social inequality.

As we discussed, the rich got richer, and the poor unfortunately got poorer and were often forced to work long hours in terrible working conditions for very low pay.

Also, the introduction of all these machines and steam engines led to pollution and lots of waste, which caused environmental and health problems for the people living particularly in big cities.

And as a result, a lot of these cities became very overcrowded and ridden with crime, as the population drastically increased.

There was also a decline in skills and craftsmanship because people were getting machines to make a lot of products that perhaps were made by skilled craftsmen before.

And finally, we have this idea that individuals perhaps felt dehumanised because they suddenly felt as though they could be very easily replaced by machines.

So over to you then, using your knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages, overall, do you think the Industrial Revolution had a positive or negative impact on Victorian society? So pause the video where you have a think and discuss it, and when you're ready to continue, click play.

Welcome back.

So I'd just like to pick up on this last disadvantage there, this idea of dehumanisation of these people who were easily replaced by machines.

So the technological advances during the Industrial Revolution had a real impact on the way that people thought and the way that they felt about themselves and others.

So I'd just like you to take a moment to think about this idea.

How could technology cause someone to worry? So pause the video here while you have a think and discuss it, and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

So let's just summarise some of these worries.

So first of all, people could worry that they were easily replaceable because machines could work much faster than humans could.

They might also worry that the machines were dangerous, that they could get hurt or about the effect caused by pollution or the waste left over.

They could also worry that their skills and talents may no longer be valued in society.

They also might worry about how they will view their own work.

Perhaps factory work might be seen as boring and monotonous, and people might believe that they're just there to serve the machines.

They might also worry about their individual identity and the loss of it, feeling perhaps just like another cog in a machine.

And they also might worry that technology could cause society to forget its traditional values.

And many people felt that technology was dehumanising, and they felt that it stripped away the higher moral aspects of society, creating a society governed by basic desires.

So let's pause here and check our understanding so far.

Which of the following was an advantage of the Industrial Revolution? Pause the video while you have a think, and click play when you're ready for me to reveal the correct answer.

Welcome back, and well done to those of you who said B and D, travel turned cities into diverse cultural hubs, and people had access to foreign fashion and exotic foods.

So another question, true or false this time.

Technological advancements during the Industrial Revolution gave people more time to focus on creative talents and skills.

So pause the video while you have a think, and click play when you are ready for me to reveal the answer.

Welcome back and well done to those of you who said false.

So why is that? Well, many people felt that technology was dehumanising, reducing workers to a cog in a machine.

Skills and talents were no longer valued since machines could perform the same tasks much faster.

So now it is time for the first practise task of today's lesson.

And what I'd like you to do is think carefully about how this contextual information links to the novella.

So I'd like you to complete the table below, finding relevant examples from "Jekyll and Hyde" to support each of these pieces of contextual information.

So pause the video here while you give this a really good go, and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

So here is how you could have completed the table.

Starting with the first one, technology was seen by some as dehumanising.

We could have linked this to Dr.

Jekyll's experiments with scientific technology and how this dehumanises him, turning him into a monster driven by basic desires.

Onto the second one then.

Many people worried that they would lose autonomy or control as a result of the rise of technology.

So we could have linked this to how Dr.

Jekyll gradually loses control over when he transforms into Mr. Hyde, and ultimately becomes a slave to the darker side of his own nature.

And finally, lots of people feared that technology stripped humanity of its higher moral aspects.

We could have linked this to how Hyde embodies pure immorality and evil, linking to the fear that humanity might abandon its higher moral values, leaving only primal desires and impulses.

So one final question before we move on.

Do you think Stevenson feared the rise of technology? So pause the video here while you have a think and discuss it, and click play when you're ready for us to continue.

So we've made it to the halfway point of today's lesson.

It's time for us to explore Stevenson's depictions of dehumanisation.

So I'd like to start by just digging a bit deeper into this discussion question from the end of the last learning cycle.

So let's explore some of our Oak pupil's responses.

So first of all, Laura said yes, she does think that Stevenson feared the rise of technology because his portrayal of Dr.

Jekyll's dangerous experiments in "Jekyll and Hyde" could be read as a cautionary tale about the moral consequences of unchecked scientific and technological advancements.

On the other side of the debate, Sam disagreed because she thought that Stevenson focused more on the dangers of human nature and moral choices rather than technology itself, using science as a narrative tool to explore inner conflict, rather than fear of technological progress.

So thinking about these two responses then, who do you think is most compelling? So pause the video here while you take a look at their responses and make your mind up, and when you're ready to continue, click play.

Welcome back.

Now it's time to explore some extracts from the novella and analyse how Stevenson depicts Mr. Hyde.

So why do we think analysing depictions of Hyde will help us to explore themes of dehumanisation? How do we think Hyde links to this idea of dehumanisation? Pause the video while you have a think, and click play when you're ready for us to feedback together.

Welcome back.

How does Hyde help us to think about dehumanisation? Well, arguably, Hyde symbolises the darker side of Jekyll.

He's driven by these basic desires, and he represents the part of Jekyll that he usually keeps hidden from the world.

And then also Hyde is depicted as inhuman.

And as we watched Jekyll lose control of him, we could argue that he comes to symbolise Jekyll's dehumanisation.

He symbolises Jekyll's journey to becoming this inhuman creature.

So let's start with extract one.

So take some time to read this extract carefully.

You can find it in the additional materials.

It's taken from the "Story of the Door," and it describes Enfield's first impressions of Hyde.

I'd like you to think, what words or phrases would you use to describe how Hyde is presented in this extract? So pause the video here and click play when you're ready for us to discuss it together.

Welcome back.

So what words might we use to describe how Hyde is presented here? So you might have said terrifying, disgusting, inhuman.

We've got these idea that he's cruel.

Perhaps he's merciless.

So what is it about Hyde's behaviour that suggests he's inhuman? So pause the video while you have a think, and click play when you're ready to continue.

Welcome back.

So he trampled over a young girl in the street.

This action shows us that he is inhuman, precisely because of his reaction.

He seems to feel no guilt or remorse for what he has done.

So now let's think about how Stevenson describes this moment, so what words or phrases specifically help to emphasise this cruel, merciless, inhuman side to Mr. Hyde? So pause the video again and click play when you're ready for us to continue.

So first of all then, we've got his reactions, these emotionless reactions that Stevenson really emphasises in the extract.

First of all, the idea that he trampled calmly over the child's body.

This adverb there making it seem like Mr. Hyde really isn't bothered about the fact that he has just trampled over a child.

And then later on we've got this description of him.

Even when people are actually confronting him about this issue, he's perfectly cool.

He made no resistance.

He doesn't react.

He's not shocked perhaps by what he's done.

He shows no sense of guilt.

And then we've also got these adjectives and similes that really emphasise Hyde's lack of humanity, so how he's actually described.

These words linking to evil and hell suggest that actually more than just not liking Hyde, he gets a really bad feeling about this person, but he can't quite put his finger on why that is.

So Enfield continues with his description.

What impression do we get of Hyde in this particular section? So pause the video while you have a think, and when you're ready for us to discuss it together, click play.

Welcome back.

So what impression do we get then? First of all, we've got these negative connotations, things that Enfield doesn't like or things that he finds unpleasant, wrong, displeasing, detestable, disliked.

It's building up this picture of Hyde as somebody who is thoroughly unlikable.

More than that, we're getting this impression that he's not normal.

There's something abnormal or inhuman about him.

And again, we've got this idea that Enfield can't quite put his finger on what it is that troubles him.

He's not easy to describe.

"I scarce know why." Over to you again then.

How does this inability to define Hyde's inhumanity contribute to the theme of dehumanisation in the novella? So pause the video here while you take some time to have a think.

And when you're ready for us to discuss it together, click play and we'll continue.

Welcome back.

How does this inability to define Hyde's inhumanity contribute to this theme of dehumanisation? Well, we could argue that it reinforces this theme by highlighting Hyde as a figure who defies human characteristics, suggesting a loss of moral identity.

Given the fact that perhaps he doesn't look or behave like somebody who is human, it might suggest that perhaps inside, he also doesn't have this moral conscience that we like to associate with us as humans.

And this ambiguity around him reflects the unsettling idea that evil is something primal and beyond rational explanation.

Okay, so now it's time to explore extract two, taken from Henry Jekyll's full statement of the case.

So this time, we are gonna get Jekyll's perspective of Hyde.

So again, take some time to read the extract carefully.

And again, what words and phrases would you use to describe how Hyde is presented here? So pause the video and click play when you're ready for us to feedback together.

So how might we describe Hyde this time round then? So you might have said immoral, primal, reckless, devoid of a conscience.

And this idea perhaps that he's an outcast, he doesn't fit in.

So how does Stevenson give us this impression then? So thinking really carefully about words or phrases from the extract that Stevenson is using to emphasise these aspects of Hyde's character.

So pause the video again while you take another look at the extract and have a think.

And when you are ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

So let's take a look at the text then.

First of all, we have these descriptions of Hyde, they're presenting like a wild beast.

So Jekyll says, "The animal within me licking the chops of memory." So we've got this description of him here as primitive and feral.

His behaviour is animalistic, which helps us to see him as something other than human.

And we've also got these descriptions that show that when Hyde takes over, Jekyll's moral conscience is weakened.

So actually it's these moments perhaps where Jekyll is being less human himself that provides this gap for Hyde to emerge because we see here, "The spiritual side a little drowsed." So it's when Jekyll is perhaps at his most inhuman that Hyde has this opportunity to come out.

So the extract continues.

So we get this description of the change itself and of the horrid nausea and the deadly shuddering that it causes when he transforms. So we get this idea that it actually physically sickens Jekyll to transform into Hyde.

So transformation is very, very unpleasant for him.

And then we also get this description of how Hyde and Jekyll are polar opposites, and what I mean by that is they could not be more different.

So we've got this change, the change in the temper of his thoughts.

So Hyde is reckless and he isn't afraid of judgement or repercussions for his immoral behaviour.

We can see here that Jekyll describes this greater boldness.

He's perhaps braver than Jekyll, but not necessarily in a good way.

"Contempt of danger, a solution of the bonds of obligation." He doesn't feel obligated to behave in a certain way.

He's not really bothered about society's expectations of him or perhaps their judgments of him.

And we can see this actually because at the bottom there he's described as hunted, houseless and a known murderer.

So it's really clear that the perception of Hyde is that he is a social outcast.

He's not accepted by society.

Whereas Jekyll is an upstanding and well liked member of society, so he is the opposite.

Because he says a moment before, "I had been safe of all men's respect, wealthy, beloved." So where Jekyll is well liked, Hyde is detested.

Where Jekyll is perhaps respected, Hyde is an outcast.

They could not be more opposite.

And then finally, we've got this reiteration from Enfield description of how Hyde doesn't look human.

So you've got the description of shrunken limbs, implying these less than human, and also this hand is corded and hairy.

Maybe the hair here could link to this idea of fur, presenting in perhaps a bit more animalistic than human.

So over to you for a discussion then.

How does Jekyll's gradual loss of control over Hyde reflect Victorian fears of moral degradation and the human, the dehumanising effects of industrialization? So pause the video here and take time to discuss it with the people around you.

Make some notes or mind maps some ideas if you're working on your own.

And when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

So let's just summarise how we might have responded to this question.

So here are some of our Oak pupils' responses.

So Laura suggested that Jekyll's loss of control over Hyde mirrors Victorian fears of moral degradation.

So this idea that perhaps the Industrial Revolution caused people to reject the traditional moral values that perhaps they had before.

As Jekyll's failure to suppress his darker impulses could reflect the anxiety that individuals, if unchecked, could descend into inhuman immoral behaviour.

And Sam's response then, "Jekyll's transformation into Hyde reflects the dehumanising effects of industrialization, as his physical and moral decline echoes Victorian concerns that scientific and technological progress stripped people of their humanity, reducing them to primal desires." So here we could arguably see that perhaps Jekyll's journey, his scientific journey, his yearning for this scientific progress and technological advancement almost strips him of his humanity because it is precisely that this transformation that he works so hard to bring about that causes him to lose control of his own humanity.

So over to you again then, whose response is most compelling here? Pause the video while you have a think and discuss it, and when you're ready for us to continue, click play.

So now it's time to pause and check our understanding.

So which of these words could we use to describe Mr. Hyde? So pause the video here while you have a think, and when you're ready for me to reveal the correct answer, click play and we'll continue.

Okay, welcome back, and well done to those of you who said A and C, we could describe him as primitive and immoral.

Another question then, even though Enfield cannot put his finger on why, he has a something feeling about Mr. Hyde.

Which of these four words do you think best fills that gap? So again, pause the video while you have a think, and when you're ready for me to reveal the correct answer, click play.

Okay, welcome back and well done to those of you who said B, ominous.

Remember, it gives us that bad feeling, an ominous feeling.

And if you remember, Enfield instantly dislikes Hyde, and he uses lots of words linked to evil and to hell, such as damned and hellish to imply that he thinks that Hyde is a malevolent figure.

Okay, so now it's time for the final practise task of today's lesson.

And what I'd like you to do is to write a paragraph responding to the following question, how does Stevenson draw on Victorian fears about the rise of machines and technology in these extracts and why? So firstly, I would like you to support your ideas with evidence from the extracts that we've been exploring in the lesson, and then here are some helpful words that you might want to use to help you add detail to your response.

So do try and challenge yourself to use lots of words from this vocabulary bank.

So pause the video here, take as much time as you need to complete this task, and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Okay, welcome back.

So let's then explore an example of how you might have responded to this question.

Stevenson draws on Victorian fears about the Industrial Revolution by portraying Hyde as inhuman and primitive.

Enfield has an ominous feeling about him, describing how hellish it was to see him calmly trampling over the young girl, suggesting his lack of morality and humanity.

Hyde's actions could symbolise the fears many Victorians had about the threat of people losing their humanity due to rapid technological change.

By emphasising the contrast between Jekyll's respectable life, "Safe of all men's respect, wealthy, beloved," and Hyde's immoral behaviour as "the common quarry of mankind," Stevenson implies that unchecked scientific progress may erode traditional values.

This arguably serves as a cautionary message to readers, warning them that society's obsession with technology could lead to a loss of individuality and humanity.

So do take a moment to review your own response, and thinking carefully about how many words from the vocabulary bank you managed to include in your response.

So if you look at this answer here, you will see lots of different examples of how you could have included them.

So take a moment to underline all the words that you have used from the vocabulary bank.

Pause the video while you do that, and click play when you're ready for us to continue.

Okay, so we've made it to the end of today's lesson, so well done for all your hard work.

So let's just summarise what we've covered in the session.

The Industrial Revolution led to advantages and disadvantages for society, such as economic growth and urban poverty.

Major concerns during the Industrial Revolution included fears of dehumanisation and loss of autonomy.

In "Jekyll and Hyde," scientific progress is linked to dehumanisation, moral degradation, and loss of control.

Hyde represents the primal basic desires of Jekyll, which come to the surface when moral control is lost.

And finally, the novella warns readers about the ethical risks of technological advancements and the loss of traditional values.

So thanks very much for joining me in today's lesson, and I look forward to seeing you again soon.