Hello everyone! My name's Ms. Keller.

And welcome to today's lesson.

In this session, we are going to be taking a deep dive into Robert Louis Stevenson's novella, "The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde." And today we are going to be focusing on urbanisation and social divisions.

So grab your copy of the text and let's get started.

So by the end of today's lesson, we will be able to analyse how Stevenson uses descriptions of Victorian London to explore the impact of the Industrial Revolution.

So let's explore today's keywords.

I'd just like to draw your attention to that word there in the middle, ominous, which suggests that something bad or threatening is about to happen.

I'd like to keep that word in mind as we go forward because it's a fantastic way of describing the atmosphere that Stevenson creates.

We perhaps might not be able to put a finger on it, but there's certain descriptions of setting in the Novella that might give us this ominous feeling that all is not as it seems with Jekyll and Hyde.

So how is today's lesson going to look? Well, we are going to start off by exploring what life was like in Victorian London, and then when we've done that, we're going to dive into Stevenson's depictions of Victorian London.

So I'd like to start off by looking at this image.

It is a drawing of Victorian London.

I'd like to hand over to you for a discussion to start us off, how would you describe this place? And then secondly, would you like to live here and why or why not? So pause at the video here while you take some time to have a think, discuss it with the people around you and click play when you're ready to continue.

Welcome back.

So you might have said, it's dirty, unsanitary, there's lots of people, so it comes across as crowded and busy.

It's gloomy and foggy.

If we look up there at the dark grey sky, these people seem like they were living in poverty.

The people in this image look sad.

And so from that, we could probably infer that this doesn't seem like a nice place to live.

The people are suffering in poor, unsanitary and overcrowded conditions.

Let's just explore an overview of what it was like to live in Victorian London.

So, the main defining feature of this period in history was the rise of the Industrial Revolution.

Now, it didn't begin in the 1800s but the 1800s saw the majority of the technological advances.

And the way that the Industrial Revolution changed London was it brought new technology, it brought factories, and with that it brought lots of new jobs.

The population of London rapidly grew throughout the 1800s.

So this would've had a really big effect on how it would've been to live in London.

It would've been very busy and very overcrowded.

These factory jobs attracted people from rural areas and from abroad.

And because there was such a rapid influx of people moving to London, it led to the construction of vast new housing areas.

And as a result of that, the city itself expanded geographically, so it got bigger.

And as a result that transport links were needed to be introduced.

Because London was much bigger than it was before, people needed to be able to travel from one side to the other.

So during the 1800s, we saw the introduction of the London Underground and also of horse drawn buses.

So just thinking about these four important factors, how would you describe life in Victorian London? So pause the video here while you have a think, discuss it and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

So we could have described London as noisy, busy, overcrowded, the people, the transport, the factories, all of these things would've contributed to that bustling atmosphere in the city.

And thinking about the people that lived in London, we could describe the population as diverse.

It was made up of lots of different cultural backgrounds and social classes.

So now I'd like to think about what life was like during the Industrial Revolution.

So it impacted Londoners in three important ways.

First of all, pollution and disease.

So the factories that sprung up during the Industrial Revolution emitted smoke and waste into the air and into the River Thames.

And this caused lots of environmental problems like the Great Stink, which is self-explanatory, and also what was known as Pea Souper yellow fog.

And if you have a look at this picture here, it illustrates the fog that I'm talking about.

And this obviously led to lots of health problems. And during the 1800s, we saw outbreaks of diseases such as cholera and pneumonia.

So the second important impact of the Industrial Revolution on London was it increased the class divide.

So factories provided jobs for many working class people.

And as a result of this, and as a result of the fact that more products could be made much faster than before with the use of machines, factory owners quickly became very, very wealthy.

But unfortunately, this didn't trickle down to their employees.

And actually employees in factories often worked long hours for low wages and with little regulation, particularly for women and children.

So over to you for another discussion then.

How do you think life was different for the rich and poor in Victorian London? So pause the video here while you have a think and discuss it and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

I could hear lots of really interesting discussions taking place there with most of us concluding that life for rich and poor Victorians in London was very, very different.

And actually the poverty gap in Victorian London was enormous.

For the rich, they lived in wealthy areas and which were home to grand townhouses and they benefited from industrial wealth.

So what I mean by that is the rapid increase of profits brought about by the factories.

And as a result, the emerging middle and upper classes lived a life of luxury, whereas life for the poor couldn't have been more different.

They often lived in overcrowded, unsanitary slums. Whole families often lived in single rooms or cellars, and they often found themselves in debt.

Being in debt actually resulted in prison sentences or life in a workhouse.

So over to you again then.

What support was available for poorer people living during the Victorian era? So pause the video again wile you have a think, take some time to discuss it and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

So I have to confess a bit of a trick question there because actually there was very little support available for people during the Victorian era.

Things that we rely on and take for granted in modern day society, like the NHS, state education and council housing were not introduced until the 1900s.

So poor Victorians couldn't rely on support from any of these things.

And actually in fact, the only form of limited support that was available was through the church, through charities which were nothing like the charities we had today and philanthropists, richer people that donate some of their time and money in order to help in those in need.

But again, this was not very common.

And then finally, the third way that the Industrial Revolution impacted Londoners.

Well we saw increased feelings of alienation.

And this word alienation links to this feeling of isolation.

What do you think it was about the Industrial Revolution that caused people to feel this way? So pause the video here while you take some time to discuss it and click play when you're ready to feedback together.

Welcome back.

So there were a few key reasons that the Industrial Revolution contributed to these feelings of alienation.

So first of all, the rapid population growth caused overcrowding, which led to a loss of close-knit communities.

Also, the mass migration from the countryside led to a breakdown of rural communities.

So on one hand, the people coming into the cities perhaps went some way to destroying the communities that had already existed there but it also caused a breakdown of rural communities because so many people were leaving.

And then if we think about the type of work that people were being forced to do during the Industrial Revolution, it was largely repetitive in enormous factory workforces, which we could argue led to a loss of individual identity and finally, the nature of the work itself.

It was often long hours and many children were forced to work as well, which we could argue contributed to a breakdown of traditional family relationships.

So let's pause and check our understanding so far.

So the Industrial Revolution caused which of these things to happen? So pause the video while you have a think and when you're ready for me to reveal the correct answer, click play.

Welcome back.

And well done to those of you who said A and C, it caused pollution and overcrowding.

So true or false? The growth in the population caused people to feel a greater sense of community? Pause the video while you have a think and click play when you're ready for me to reveal the answer.

Welcome back and well done to those of you who said false.

In fact, as a result of mass migration and overcrowding, many people felt alienated from their neighbours and their local communities.

And the long hours and repetitive factory work contributed to the breakdown of family structures and the loss of individual identity.

So now it's time for the first practise task of today's lesson.

So at the top of the screen there, we have a summary of the key context information that we've been discussing.

So what I would like you to do is choose just one piece of this contextual information and I'd like you to mind map how it could link to the strange case of Dr.

Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

So things that you should consider: first of all links to key chapters or quotes or examples of things that happen in the text and secondly, how you think Stevenson draws on these contextual ideas to drive the message of his novellas.

So pause the video here while you take some time to construct your mind map and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

So let's start by thinking about pollution, the first piece of contextual information.

And here is how Aisha mind map the links to the novella.

So, she first of all picked out some different examples from the text.

So there were two here from chapter 1 where she talks about the smog and the fog.

And then at the top there in chapter 4, we've also got lots of gloomy, ominous depictions of London, a great chocolate-colored pall.

And arguably, in the novella Stevenson creates an ominous atmosphere and she has perhaps suggested that the fog covers the moral decay of society.

So perhaps we've got this idea that the fog is obscuring what is really going on obscuring this darker side to London.

So here is how Lucas explored the class divide.

He pulled out some examples from chapter 1.

So first of all, when Hyde trampled calmly over the girl and he suggested that this could symbolise the lack of empathy people had for the lower classes, also the door, which was blistered and disdain.

So here Hyde's house is dilapidated compared to Jekyll so we've got this real class divide.

And then in chapter 4, we've got this ape-like fury, this idea that the lower class are presented as feral, as less human than people of the higher social classes.

So arguably, Stevenson depicts Victorian views of the class divide.

So he suggests perhaps that the wealthy are morally superior and maybe the poor are feral or less valuable members of society.

And finally, Jun, who explored alienation.

So first of all, we've got these two examples from chapter 10.

So Jekyll describes how he was slowly losing hold of his original and better self.

So we've got this sense of alienation because we've got this idea that Jekyll is losing a sense of who he is.

We've also got this "Man is not truly one, but truly two", really linking to this idea of the duality of man.

And "The moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr. Hyde", so again, linking to the different identities or the different roles that the people force to play in society.

And here we could argue that Stevenson explores how industrialization caused people to suppress individuality and personal desires.

So over to you for one final discussion in this part of the lesson then.

Do you think there are any other examples from the Novella that our oak pupils missed? So just take a moment to share with the people around you or make some notes.

So pause the video here and click play when you're ready to continue.

So we've made it to the halfway point of today's lesson.

Let's dive into the text and explore how Stevenson depicts this setting.

As we've seen in the last activity, Stevenson often highlights the negative impact of the Industrial Revolution.

So over to you for a quick-fire discussion.

Why do you think it is that he does this? So pause the video here while you have a think, discuss it, and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

So you might have said that he wanted to highlight important social issues.

Stevenson grew up in a socially divided Edinburgh.

So the situation in Victorian Edinburgh was very, very similar to that of Victorian London.

It was also known for having an enormous class divide.

And also Jekyll and Hyde draws on gothic influences.

And in this type of text, there were often themes of moral decay and the consequences of scientific and technological ambition.

So as well as highlighting social issues in the plot, Stevenson's detailed descriptions of setting paint a vivid image of Victorian London.

So we're going to explore this idea in a bit more detail, focusing on two specific extracts from the novella where Stevenson presents London.

So start by reading extract 1 taken from the beginning of the novel, "The Story of the Door".

And you can find it in the additional materials.

And here Utterson describes London while walking with Mr. Enfield.

So this is when he first discovers the mysterious door used by Mr. Hyde.

So pause the video here while you read through the text carefully and when you're ready for us to continue, click play.

Welcome back.

So, I'd like to start off by thinking about this section, before Utterson sees the door.

So this is where he's just describing the part of London that they're walking through.

So take a moment to reread this section of the text carefully and discuss amongst yourselves or make some notes thinking about how does Stevenson depict London before Utterson sees the door? So pause the video here and click play when you're ready for us to discuss it together.

Welcome back.

So lots of people picking up on this idea that Stevenson creates a positive atmosphere.

The people are happy, the businesses are thriving, and the houses are well looked after.

So thinking really carefully about this part of the text, do you think that this is a nice area of London and what gives you this impression? So pause the video again while you have a think and click play when you're ready for us to discuss it together.

Welcome back.

So, well done if you picked up on this idea that yes, this street is a nice place to be, it's described very positively.

However, it stands out against the rest of the neighbourhood, which isn't very nice and we've got that quotation down there, "The street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighbourhood." So the extract continues and this is the part of the extract where Utterson first sees the door.

So how does the atmosphere change when we get to this paragraph? So pause the video here and click play when you're ready for us to discuss it together.

Welcome back.

So how does the atmosphere change? Well, the description of the setting here is negative, and we could argue that the building is secretive.

There are no windows, it's dirty, it's dilapidated.

So this is a very different description from the rest of the street.

So let's just focus on this line up here at the top.

"So the line was broken by the entry of a court and just at that point, a certain sinister block of building thrust forward its gable onto the street." The door used by Hyde is located in an alley between two houses.

So it's hidden in the otherwise lovely street.

What could this particular description foreshadow? So pause the video here while you have a think, use your knowledge of the rest of the novella and when you're ready for us to discuss it together, click play.

Welcome back.

So well done if you are picking up on this idea, it could symbolise Hyde's true nature.

So Hyde is grim, he's horrible just like this building.

And he's hidden away beneath the facade of cleanliness and respectability, Jekyll.

So actually, this door itself could symbolise or foreshadow this relationship between Jekyll and Hyde that we don't yet know at this point in the novella.

And so maybe it's a clever way here that Stevenson is dropping some clues.

So what else do we learn about this courtyard? So carry on reading particularly towards the end of this section.

And what could this foreshadow about Mr. Hyde? So pause the video again while you have a think and click play when you're ready for us to discuss it together.

Welcome back.

So what else do we learn? Well, we learn that there are tramps slouched into the recess, struck matches on the panels, children kept shop upon the steps, the schoolboy had tried his knife on the mouldings.

So the people who inhabit this place are depicted as immoral and uncivilised.

So they're slouching in the shadows.

There are marks all over the walls where people have mistreated it.

And perhaps this could symbolise Hyde's uncivilised nature because if you remember, the rest of the street was filled with lots of smiling people, lots of thriving businesses.

So again, we've got this idea of those civilised people existing out there, the facade and then in this recess, in this alley hidden away, we've got these uncivilised people.

And in this last line, "And for close on a generation, no one had appeared to drive away these random visitors or to repair their ravages." So what could Stevenson be suggesting here about morality and society? So pause the video again while you have a think and click play when you're ready for us to feedback together.

Welcome back.

So well done if you picked up on this idea that Stevenson could be suggesting that it's up to moral or civilised members of society to drive away uncivilised people and repair the damage that they cause.

It doesn't say, for close on generation, no one had thought better of their actions and tried to make it better.

No, he says, no one had appeared to drive away.

So we've almost got this implication that this uncivilised part of society will always exist unless more civilised people drive it away.

So perhaps Stevenson beliefs that moral society has declined because people neglect to do this because people don't see it as their responsibility to drive away these uncivilised aspects of society.

So let's pause here and check our understanding.

So the door is located in an alley between two houses on a lovely looking street.

What could this symbolise? Pause the video here and click play when you're ready for me to reveal the correct answer.

Welcome back, and well done to those of you who said C; Hyde's immoral behaviour hides under Jekyll's respectable outward appearance.

Okay, so now it's time to explore another extract from later in the novella.

So take some time to read extract 2 taken from "Search for Mr. Hyde." And I'd like to think about what is interesting about the way that Stevenson depicts the weather here? What atmosphere does he create? So pause the video while you take some time to read and discuss or make your notes and when you're ready for us to discuss it together, click play.

Welcome back.

So let's explore this part of the text then.

So in this extract, Stevenson describes how the fog covers the moon at night.

Yet on the day when he sees Hyde, the night is clear.

It was a fine dry night; the streets as clean as a ballroom floor.

So what could this imply? What could we read into this idea that on this particular night where Utterson runs into Hyde, the night is clear? So pause the video here while you take some time to have a think.

Discuss it with the people around you and when you're ready for us to feedback together, click play.

Welcome back.

So well done if you are picking up on this idea that it could actually imply that the fog is arguably obscuring the immoral uncivilised aspects of society.

And on this particular evening where the secrets perhaps are going to be revealed, the night is clear.

So we've got this idea of symbolism here.

What perhaps is usually obscured, the darker sides of London obscured by the fog are now going to be revealed.

You could also create a ghostly and eerie atmosphere if we think about perhaps horror stories, maybe a graveyard or a haunted house.

These are usually quite foggy environments.

So perhaps it could also be foreshadowing the supernatural events that are going to come along later on in the novella.

So over to you again then for another discussion.

What could Stevenson be implying here about the Industrial Revolution? So pause the video and click play when you're ready for us to feedback together.

Welcome back.

Perhaps then Stevenson could be implying that there's a dark side maybe to this technology and the progress of the golden age of innovation.

Perhaps the smoke and the pollution emitted by these machines actually obscures this darker side.

Stevenson uses a pathetic fallacy and sound to create an ominous atmosphere in this particular quotation.

"By ten o'clock, when the shops were closed, the by-street was very solitary and, in spite of the low growl of London from all around, very silent." So I'd like you to think about these two questions.

First of all, what is ominous about this particular sentence? And secondly, how does this link to the impact of the Industrial Revolution? So over to you, have a think.

Take some time to discuss it and click play when you're ready for us to discuss it together.

So, what is ominous about this particular sentence then? Well, first of all, we've got this idea of silence.

Silence builds suspense and it creates an eerie, lonely atmosphere.

It really drives home this idea that there are no witnesses, should something bad happen to Utterson.

He's completely on his own.

So how could this link to the impact of the Industrial Revolution? Well, arguably here, Stevenson is emphasising this sense of alienation felt by many living during the Industrial Revolution.

Despite the chaos of the busy, overcrowded cities, this low growl of London caused by the growth of the population, it was still easy for people to feel lonely and detached from society.

So it was really perhaps capturing this common feeling of loneliness amongst the hustle and bustle of the busy city.

And actually, in fact, this population growth created an environment where people acted selfishly and in a way that focused on personal desires rather than community values.

People were separated, they were isolated, they were living perhaps for themselves.

So crime and immoral behaviour actually increased during this period of history since it's actually far easier to be anonymous in a larger population than perhaps in a community where everybody knows each other's name.

So it provided this sense of anonymity, this fog perhaps that obscured what people were really up to.

So now it's time to check our understanding.

True or false? Stevenson's depictions of setting suggest that London is a place with many secrets.

Pause the video while you have a think and click play when you're ready for me to reveal the correct answer.

welcome back, and well done to those of you who said true.

It creates an ominous atmosphere, setting the scene for the dark events to come.

Stevenson draws links between the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution, such as pollution, alienation, and immoral and civilised behaviour.

So now it's time for the final practise task of today's lesson.

And what I'd like you to do is read Extract 3 taken from, "The Carew Murder Case".

So, Utterson here is describing London as he travels to see Mr. Hyde.

And as you're reading, I would like you to annotate the extract, exploring how Stevenson presents London.

As you're going through it, consider the following questions.

One, why do you think Stevenson depicts setting in this way? Two, what could he be foreshadowing about Mr. Hyde? And three, what is he implying about the Industrial Revolution or Victorian society? So pause the video here and click play when you're ready for us to feedback together.

Welcome back.

So let's explore this extract together then.

So first of all, we've got these depictions of the weather again.

So Stevenson is using the fog as he was before to create this and ominous atmosphere.

The great chocolate-colored pall, Mr. Utterson beheld a marvellous number of degrees and hues of twilight.

So we are really getting this horror setting.

It's dark, it's gloomy.

And again, also the weather here, in particular the wind allows for moments of clarity.

So we've got this similar idea to what we had before when Utterson first saw Hyde and the night was clear, symbolising perhaps this clarity amidst the the fog obscuring this uncivilised behaviour.

So here we've got, "The fog will be quite broken up by the wind." So we're getting this idea that it's foggy, but every so often the wind breaks this fog up, providing a moment of clarity, perhaps foreshadowing that here Utterson is going to discover some truths about Hyde.

And then as the extract continues, Stevenson's use of adjectives is really interesting because they emphasise that this really isn't a nice area, it's dirty, it's crime-ridden, the people are scruffy.

And then we've got this metaphor.

Utterson has a bad feeling about this place.

And actually this area, Soho, this part of London that Utterson has travelled to, during the Victorian era, Soho had a reputation as a bohemian, seedy and disreputable place.

It was a centre for prostitution, gambling, and late-night bars.

So it's quite interesting that Stevenson has chosen for Hyde's quarters to be set in this particular location.

Because perhaps that in of itself symbolises this uncivilised behaviour that we've come to expect from Hyde.

And then as the extract continues, then we've got more references to the fog here, except here, it lifts to reveal glimpses of immoral or uncivilised behaviour.

So we see the dingy street, the gin palace, the ragged children huddled up in the doorway.

We see lots of different examples of uncivilised behaviour.

And then down the bottom here, "This was the home of Henry Jekyll's favourite; of a man who was heir to a quarter of a million sterling." What does Stevenson imply about the class divide here? So pause the video for a moment, take some time to discuss this, have a think and click play when you're ready for us to feedback together.

Welcome back.

So well done if you were picking up on this idea that Stevenson implies a sense of disbelief that someone with access to the rich and powerful, like Hyde has access to Jekyll would live in a place like this.

Utterson can't quite seem to believe that Jekyll would associate with uncivilised immoral people that live in a place like this.

Okay, so we've made it to the end of today's lesson.

So let's just summarise what we've covered.

Victorian London was noisy, overcrowded, and diverse with people from various cultural backgrounds and social classes.

The Industrial Revolution transformed the city, worsening pollution, widening the class divide and causing feelings of alienation.

The novella explores how the duality of human nature in Victorian society reflects the conflict between progress and primal instincts.

Stevenson's descriptions of setting create an ominous atmosphere, perhaps implying Hyde is an evil, immoral character.

And finally, descriptions of the fog suggest the progress of the Industrial Revolution obscured a darker side of Victorian society.

So thanks for joining me in today's lesson.

Have a fantastic day, and I look forward to seeing you all again soon!.