Hello, everyone.

It's lovely to see you here today.

My name's Dr.

Clayton, and I'm here to guide you through your learning journey today.

So grab your pen, laptop, or whatever you're using for the lesson and let's get started.

Welcome to today's lesson.

The lesson is called analysing an essay about "The Tempest".

We're gonna be talking through how to plan your answer as well as how to write an answer about a question around "The Tempest".

So we have five words today that we're going to focus on as our keywords.

Those words are presents, implies, insinuates, depicts, and portrays.

The definitions for our keywords are appearing on your screen now.

These words will help you unlock the learning for today, and you'll see them throughout all of the of the material.

They're identified in bold, and I'll try to point them out to you as well so you can see how they're used in context and how they'll help you to understand the process of writing an essay.

So we have two learning cycles in our lesson today.

Our essay question for the lesson is, how does Shakespeare present Prospero's treatment of Caliban as cruel? So our first learning cycle, we're going to plan our answer by constructing a thesis statement together and then mapping out two analytical paragraphs.

For our second learning cycle, we're going to write our answer to the question.

To set you up for success, we're going to look at some sentence starters you might use in your writing, as well as deconstructing a model paragraph together so you can see what an analytical paragraph might look like before you start writing your own.

So as I said in our introduction, "How does Shakespeare present Prospero's treatment of Caliban as cruel?" is our essay question.

Now let's just take a moment to break down that question.

So present is one of our keywords for the lesson, and it means to show something or make something known.

The question is asking, how does Shakespeare show us that Prospero's treatment of Caliban is cruel? In order to answer that, we need to analyse the language that Shakespeare uses as well as the actions that Prospero takes in order to demonstrate his treatment of Caliban as cruel.

So what we're looking for in this essay is a thesis statement and two analytical paragraphs.

We're gonna spend the rest of this learning cycle talking through those concepts together and crafting a plan for how you're going to approach them.

Now, a thesis statement is the backbone of your argument.

What I'd like to do is discuss what the term thesis statement means to you.

What should it include and what does it tell the reader? Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Fantastic.

I had some really focused discussions there.

Like Aisha, you might have thought a thesis statement summarises the overall argument of your essay.

Like Izzy, you might have said that when we talk about the argument of an essay, we mean a set of reasons given in support of our ideas about the question.

Like Jun, you might have said a thesis statement should include the name of the writer and the play, and finally, like Sophia, you might have said a thesis statement should also refer to what the writer might be saying about a bigger idea about society.

So now we know what it includes.

Let's look at an example of what a thesis statement might look like.

Remember our question is, "How does Shakespeare present Prospero's treatment of Caliban as cruel?" So how does Shakespeare show us that Prospero is treating Caliban cruelly? So a thesis statement might look something like this.

"In Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', Prospero treats Caliban cruelly through his initial exploitation and enslavement of him.

This cruelty continues throughout their relationship through Prospero's dehumanising language towards Caliban and his threats of physical violence.

Through their relationship, Shakespeare might have been suggesting the treatment of indigenous people through colonialism is cruel." Now as you can see, the thesis statement opens by giving the name of the writer and the text since they tell us the text is "The Tempest" and that it was written by Shakespeare.

As a quick point here, Shakespeare's full name is William Shakespeare, and it's absolutely fine to say William Shakespeare in your thesis statement, but for the rest of the essay, you just want to use his surname of Shakespeare to be as concise as possible.

The statement also gives us the overall argument of the essay when it says that Prospero's exploitation and enslavement of Caliban is cruel, and it also tells the reader the specific focus of the essay will be on Prospero's dehumanising language and his threats of physical violence against Caliban.

Finally, the statement suggests what Shakespeare might have been saying about wider society since it ends by saying that through their relationship, Shakespeare might have been saying the treatment of indigenous people through colonialism is cruel.

Let's just pause for a moment and unpack that a little bit just to make sure we understand.

So in "The Tempest", Prospero arrives on the island and takes control of it while also enslaving Caliban, who is the indigenous person since he was originally born on the island.

Colonialism is the process of taking control of another country, exploiting its resources, and enslaving the indigenous people.

So we can see parallels here between the process of colonialism and what Prospero does to Caliban.

If Shakespeare is suggesting that Prospero treats Caliban cruelly, he might also be suggesting that colonists treated indigenous people cruelly.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like to do is select which two of the following statements about thesis statements are true.

So is it a, they should include the name of the reader, b, they should include the name of the writer, c, they should include textual evidence, or d, they should summarise the overall argument.

So pause the video and make your selections now.

Correct answers are b, they should include the name of the writer, and d, they should summarise the overall argument.

So very well done if you got those right.

So now we've talked about thesis statements, we now need to think about analytical paragraphs so that we can plan two of them for our essay.

These are such an important thing to get right because they form the basis of all your literature essays.

So what I'd like to do is think about what you think we mean by an analytical paragraph.

So pause the video.

Take a few moments to think about it.

Amazing.

Some fantastic ideas there.

So analysis is looking at a text and explaining why a writer has made certain choices in order to create an effect on the reader.

So an analytical paragraph is presenting a paragraph about those choices and their effect.

Now we've met our keyword "presenting" again here.

Essentially an analytical paragraph is about showing a writer's choices and showing what their effect on the reader is.

So an analytical paragraph has three component parts.

It has a topic sentence, supporting detail, and a concluding sentence.

Now, one useful way of planning an analytical paragraph is to use a single paragraph outline.

So we're gonna spend a little bit of time thinking about what that might look like and how it might help us.

So a single paragraph outline looks like this.

Essentially it's a format for gathering your notes together in order to show the components of an analytical paragraph.

So we've got our topic sentence.

Now, a topic sentence explains the focus of your paragraph, and in your single paragraph outline, it should be written in full sentences.

Your supporting detail is evidence from your analysis of the text that supports your argument, and it should be written in note form in your single paragraph outline.

Finally, your concluding sentence summarises your argument, and again, it should be written in a full sentence in your single paragraph outline.

Now for a quick check for understanding just to make sure we've understood the information around a single paragraph outline.

So which two of the following are true for single paragraph outlines? Is it a, the topic sentence should be in note form, b, the topic sentence should be a full sentence, c, the supporting detail is evidence from language, form and structure analysis, and d, the supporting detail is your opinion about the text.

So pause the video and select which two of those are true.

Correct answers are b, the topic sentence should be a full sentence, and c, the supporting detail is evidence from language, form and structure analysis.

So very well done if you got those right.

So now we know what a single paragraph outline looks like and what the component parts are, we're gonna make one together.

So remember, we're still focusing on how Shakespeare presents Prospero as treating Caliban cruelly.

So we might consider the following quotations.

Throughout "The Tempest", Prospero calls Caliban the following things.

He calls him a "poisonous slave", calls him a "hag-seed", a "thing", and "filth".

Now, what I'd like you to do is discuss what the connotations of these words are, what effect they have on the reader.

Remember that each word might have a slightly different meaning for one person than another.

That's what makes the study of English so interesting.

So pause the video.

Take a few moments to discuss the quotations.

Fantastic.

Some great ideas there.

You might have said they're very negative connotations since they suggest that Caliban is evil, worthless and inhuman.

They'd make the reader feel as if Prospero is being cruel to Caliban.

So if we put that information into our single paragraph outline, it would look something like this.

Our topic sentence might be "Throughout 'The Tempest', Prospero's language towards Caliban presents his treatment of him as cruel".

Remember, the topic sentence tells the reader what the focus of the paragraph is.

So here, we've said in this paragraph, we're gonna focus on the language Prospero uses and how that can be seen as cruel.

We've then got our supporting detail of things that Prospero says to Caliban, and when we write the paragraph out, we're gonna expand on each of them and say exactly why the reader would think he was being cruel based on those words.

Our words are "poisonous slave", "hag-seed", "thing", and "filth".

Finally, our concluding sentence might be "Throughout 'The Tempest', Prospero's language towards Caliban depicts him as inhuman and worthless and thus shows Prospero's cruelty".

Remember, our concluding sentence wants to summarise the paragraph.

So here, we've summarised by saying that all of the quotations we've gone through show Prospero suggesting that Caliban is inhuman and worthless.

So for your first task of the lesson, I'd like you to use the information below to create a single paragraph outline for your second analytical paragraph.

Remember, we want a topic sentence that gives the focus of the paragraph, supporting detail from the text that acts as evidence, and a concluding sentence that acts as a summary.

So the information is when Prospero arrives on the island, he uses Caliban's knowledge to stay alive.

Prospero then enslaves Caliban and forces him to obey him.

Prospero threatens Caliban with physical violence if he does not obey him.

Prospero specifically goes into great detail about what the pain will feel like to make Caliban afraid, and the way Prospero takes over the island and enslaves the indigenous people is similar to colonialism.

So take this information and turn it into a single paragraph outline.

Pause the video and create your outlines now.

Amazing work, everyone.

Some fantastic focus there.

You might have said your topic sentence could be "Prospero's exploitation and enslavement of Caliban shows his cruelty towards Caliban".

For your supporting detail, you might have said that, number one, he uses Caliban's knowledge of the island to survive.

Number two, he enslaves Caliban.

Number three, he threatens Caliban with physical violence, and number four, he makes Caliban afraid of him.

Our concluding sentence might then have been "Prospero's exploitation and enslavement of Caliban is reminiscent of the colonist's attitude to indigenous people and implies that Shakespeare believed their treatment was cruel".

Now, implies is one of our keywords.

It means to show something without saying it directly.

So Shakespeare doesn't directly say that colonialism was cruel, but we can perhaps see that he thinks that through the relationship of Prospero and Caliban.

You're doing amazingly well, everyone.

Let's try and keep that same energy and focus for our second learning cycle where we're going to have a go at writing an answer to the essay question.

Now, in our previous learning cycle, we talked about what an analytical paragraph is and what it should contain.

In this learning cycle, we're going to spend a bit of time thinking about what that might look like and how you might go about expressing some of your ideas.

When talking about quotations and linguistic devices, you want to show the reader the effect and meaning behind the words.

To do that, you might use some of the following sentence stems. "When Prospero says, it implies".

Now, imply is one of our keywords.

It means to say something indirectly.

So Prospero doesn't directly call Caliban worthless.

However, the words he uses suggest to us he thinks Caliban is worthless.

"Prospero's use of, insinuates".

Insinuate is another one of our keywords.

It's very similar to imply because it also means to say something indirectly.

It's really useful to have a variety of words you can use in your analysis 'cause it stops the analysis feeling repetitive for the reader.

"When Prospero calls Caliban, it depicts him as".

Depict as another one of our keywords, and it means to show something.

So for example, when Prospero calls Caliban poisonous, it shows him to be a dangerous and potentially deadly person.

"Prospero's, language portrays Caliban as".

Portrays is another one of our keywords, and it means to represent or describe something.

So Prospero's language describes or represents Caliban as inhuman because of how many animal-like images he uses.

We're now gonna practise using the sentence stems by adding in the quote "filth" and the idea it makes Caliban seem unclean and unpleasant.

So the sentence stems are, "When Prospero says, it implies", "Prospero's use of, insinuates", "When Prospero calls Caliban, it depicts him as", "Prospero's, language portrays Caliban as".

So I'd like you to pause the video and add in the quote "filth" and the idea it makes Caliban seem unclean and unpleasant to all of those sentence stems. So pause the video and have a go now.

Amazing work, everyone.

You might have said, "When Prospero says 'filth', it implies that Caliban is unclean", "Prospero's use of 'filth' insinuates that Caliban is unclean and unpleasant", "When Prospero calls Caliban 'filth', it depicts him as unclean and unpleasant", and "Prospero's negative language portrays Caliban as unclean and unpleasant".

So very well done if you've got something similar to that.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like to do is use one of our keywords to complete the following sentence, "Prospero's use of 'thing', that Caliban is less human and doesn't have feelings or emotions".

So which of our keywords could you use here? Prospero isn't directly saying that Caliban is less human and doesn't have feelings or emotions, but he is.

So pause the video and complete the sentence now.

Amazing work, everyone.

You might have said, "Prospero's use of 'thing' implies that Caliban is less human and doesn't have feelings or emotions", or, "Prospero's use of 'thing' insinuates that Caliban is less human and doesn't have feelings or emotions", as both of those keywords mean to say something indirectly.

So very well done if you got that right.

So let's just take a moment to summarise what we know about analytical paragraphs, and then we're gonna look through an example of one together.

So to create an analytical paragraph, we want the following: a topic sentence that explains the focus of the paragraph, supporting detail from the text as evidence, use of analytical verbs such as "insinuates" and "depicts" to present ideas, and a concluding sentence that summarises the paragraph and links back to the question.

Let's just do a quick check for understanding about analytical paragraphs before we deconstruct one together.

So which two of the following are true of analytical paragraphs? So a, they should rely on your opinion rather than evidence from the text, b, they should have a topic sentence that explains the focus of the paragraph, or c, they should use analytical verbs to express your ideas.

So pause the video and make your selections now.

Correct answers are b, they should have a topic sentence that explains the focus of the paragraph, and c, they should use analytical verbs to express your ideas.

So very well done if you got those right.

Let's deconstruct this model paragraph together.

So the model reads, "Throughout 'The Tempest', Prospero's language towards Caliban presents his treatment of him as cruel.

When Prospero calls Caliban a 'thing', it depicts him as an object that has no feelings or emotions.

Furthermore, when Prospero suggests that Caliban is a 'hag-seed', it insinuates that Caliban is associated with the devil since 'hag-seed' means the son of a witch.

This language has very negative connotations since it suggests Caliban is evil, worthless, and inhuman.

It would make the reader feel as if Prospero is being cruel to Caliban".

So the paragraph opens with a topic sentence.

It says, "Throughout 'The Tempest', Prospero's language towards Caliban presents his treatment of him as cruel".

So it explains that the focus of the paragraph is going to be on Prospero's language.

We then have supporting detail from the text because we have the quotations "thing" and "hag-seed".

We then have our analytical verbs to show the meaning behind the textual evidence.

We have "it depicts him as" and "insinuates that".

Finally, we have a concluding sentence in "The language has very negative connotations since it suggests that Caliban is evil, worthless, inhuman.

It would make the reader feel as if Prospero is being cruel to Caliban".

This summarises the paragraph and also links it back to the question because the question is all about how does Shakespeare show Prospero as treating Caliban cruelly.

So to finish off the lesson, I'd like you to take all of the knowledge we've gone through and complete your answer to the question, "How does Shakespeare present Prospero's treatment of Caliban as cruel?" So our checklist is that we want a thesis statement that summarises your overall argument and two analytical paragraphs that include topic sentences and supporting detail.

Now, we already have our thesis statement and our outlines for the two analytical paragraphs, so all you have to do is write them up.

To write them up, you might want to use the following sentence stems: "When Prospero says, it implies or insinuates", "When Prospero calls Caliban, it depicts/portrays him as".

So pause the video and create your answers now.

Fantastic work, everyone.

I really like seeing people use the sentence stems and really take on board the use of those keywords to express their arguments in a sophisticated and clear way.

For your final task of the lesson, what I'd like you to do is self-assess your answer to the question: "How does Shakespeare present Prospero's treatment of Caliban as cruel?" So our checklist is, did you use a thesis statement that presented your overall argument? So did you have a thesis statement that showed your reader the overall argument that you have in your essay? Did you use two analytical paragraphs to present your argument? So did you show your argument through the use of your paragraphs? Did your analytical paragraphs have a topic sentence that summarised the focus of the paragraph? And did your analytical paragraphs use supporting detail from the text as evidence for your argument? So pause the video and take a few moments to self-assess your answer.

Fantastic.

Amazing work there, everyone.

I really appreciate those who took the time to go back, self-assess, and review their answer.

You all did amazingly well, everyone.

Here's a summary of what we covered.

A thesis statement summarises the overall argument of an essay.

A topic sentence explains the focus of the paragraph.

Analytical verbs can be used to explain the meaning of textual evidence, and supporting detail from the text should be used as evidence for your argument.

I really hope you enjoyed the lesson, everyone.

Goodbye.