Hello everyone.

It's lovely to see you here today.

My name's Dr.

Clayton and I'm here to guide you through your learning journey today.

So grab your pen, laptop, whatever you're using for this lesson, and let's get started.

Welcome to today's lesson.

The lesson is called Caliban as an Outsider.

And what we're gonna do today is think about how we can consider Caliban as someone who isn't accepted by the other characters in the island and he's viewed as different to them.

To do that, we're going to explore both the language used about Caliban and the language he himself uses in Act Three, Scene Two of "The Tempest".

We're then gonna spend the rest of the lesson thinking about how you can create an argument about Caliban and how he's perceived and treated as an outsider.

So we have four words we're gonna focus on as our key words today.

The first word is 'outsider' itself, which is absolute integral to the lesson since we're considering how Caliban is seen and treated as an outsider.

Now, to be an outsider means to be someone who's not liked or accepted by a particular group or society and who feels different to them.

Our second key word is 'animalistic'.

It's another key word that's essential to unlocking Caliban, since there's a lot of the language used about him and to him make him seem animalistic, and that means to have characteristics of animals.

And we generally use this term to refer to traits such as aggression.

Our third key word is 'ultimately', and this is one of the words we're going to use when we're crafting our argument in the second half of the lesson as we use it to emphasise the end of our argument.

Our final key word is 'arguably', and this word can be used when you're stating an opinion or belief that you believe can be shown as true, which will be essential later in the lesson when we're crafting our argument.

So we have two learning cycles in our lesson today.

For our first learning cycle, we're going to analyse Act Three, Scene Two, and consider how the language used about Caliban as well as the language he himself uses positions himself as an outsider to the group.

For the second learning cycle, we're gonna take that information and use it to create an argument about how we can see Shakespeare as presenting Caliban as an outsider figure in "The Tempest".

So we're gonna begin by looking at some of the interactions between Caliban, Stephano, and Trinculo, and considering how Caliban is presented as an outsider, and it's one of our key words, that means Caliban isn't accepted by the other characters and doesn't belong there.

So for some context, in Act Three, Scene Two, Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo are making their way to Prospero's house.

The group quarrel and this causes tension between the trio.

So Stephano says, "Mooncalf, speak once in thy life, if thou be'st a good mooncalf." And Caliban responds, "How does thy Honour? Let me lick thy shoe.

I'll not serve him; he is not valiant." Then Trinculo says, "Thou liest, most ignorant monster." Now notice here that Stephano calls Caliban a 'mooncalf' twice.

In Shakespeare's time, a 'mooncalf' referred to someone born under a full moon.

Now, in Shakespeare's time, there were very superstitious people and they believed this would negatively affect someone's appearance and mind if they were born under a full moon.

What I'd like to think about is how might this contribute to Caliban being treated as an outsider? So pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, some great ideas there.

You might have thought that potentially, the notion of him being a 'mooncalf' might suggest he doesn't look or act as others believe he should look or act in society and therefore they might treat him as an outsider.

Since they were superstitious, they also might think he's something to do with bad luck.

And again, that would make people avoid him and treat him like an outsider.

Now here, Caliban says, "Let me lick thy shoe." What I'd like to think about is the civic use of the word 'lick', rather than more commonly use 'kiss', we often say, "Can I kiss your shoe?" as a meaning of of deference or respect for somebody.

But what does it mean that Caliban is saying, "Let me lick thy shoe." How might that add to our idea of him as an outsider? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, some great ideas there.

You might have thought, potentially, you might see it as more animalistic than kiss.

You know, we generally think of animals as licking other animals rather than kissing other animals.

And therefore, it gives Caliban the characteristics of an animal and that adds the idea that Caliban is not fully human and therefore perhaps will not be accepted in society.

Now throughout "The Tempest", Caliban has repeatedly called a 'monster'.

What I'd like to think about is how might that add to our idea of him as an outsider? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Fantastic, some great ideas there.

You might have thought, the monsters are fictional creatures.

They're often depicted as aggressive and dangerous in order to scare us.

So if we call in Caliban a monster, that reinforces the idea he's different from other humans and therefore should be treated differently.

Now have a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like you to do is select whether the following statement is true or false.

So it's true or false that 'mooncalf' has negative connotations? Pause the video and make your selection now.

Correct answer is true, it does have negative connotations.

Now I'd like to justify that answer.

So does it have negative connotations because in Shakespeare's time, it meant someone born under a full moon? Or does it have negative connotations, because in Shakespeare's time, it meant someone with animalistic characteristics? Pause the video and make a selection now.

Correct answer is A, in Shakespeare's time, it meant someone born under a full moon.

So very well done if you got that right.

Let's continue with Act Three, Scene Two.

So Caliban says "Lo, how he mocks me! Wilt thou let him, my lord?" And Trinculo responds, "'Lord', quoth he? That a monster should be such a natural!" And Caliban responds, "Lo, lo again! Bite him to death, I prithee." So here, Trinculo is mocking Caliban for using the word 'Lord', and saying it's not natural for him to do so.

So how might that add to our idea of him as animalistic? Remember, that's one of our keywords and it means someone with the characteristics of an animal.

So pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, some great ideas there.

You might have thought that it's suggests that it's surprising that Caliban should be able to use such language, such as 'Lord', and that adds to our impression there's something about Caliban's appearance and manner that sets him apart from others and makes us think perhaps he shouldn't be able to use language in this way.

Now in response to Trinculo mocking him, Caliban urges Stephano to 'bite him to death'.

Now how might we see this comment as positioning Caliban as an outsider? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, some great ideas there.

You might have thought that 'bite' is a very animalistic word to use because it's a form of violence we associate with animals.

To suggest that Trinculo should die from mocking him could also be considered an extremely aggressive and violent reaction.

Now, for a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like to do is select whether the following statement is true or false.

So is it true or false that Caliban uses animalistic language in Act Three, Scene Two? So does he use language associates him with animal characteristics? Pause the video and make a selection now.

Correct answer is true, he does use animalistic language.

Now I'd like you to justify your answer.

So which of the following does he say? Does he A, say 'bite him to death', or B, say 'claw him to death'? Pause the video and make a selection now.

Correct answer is A, he says 'bite him to death'.

So very well done if you got that right.

Now I've talked throughout this learning cycle of how others see Caliban, about how they perceive him as a monster and how they perceive him as animalistic.

What I'd like us to think about now is how we think Caliban perceives himself.

So throughout Act Three, Scene Two, Caliban arguably sees himself as inferior because he offers to lick Stephano's shoe and serve him because he gave him alcohol.

Now what I'd like us to think about is how can we link this idea of inferiority to ideas of Caliban as an outsider? Now you might consider, what do you think Caliban's self-worth is like if he's offering to lick people's shoe and he is offering to serve people, what do you think his self-worth is like? And what do you think it says about how Caliban has been treated if he offers to serve the first person who offers him something? Pause the video, take a few minutes to consider.

Amazing, some fantastic discussions there.

You might have said, that like Lucas, potentially, might have thought that Caliban's willingness to serve Stephano shows he doesn't consider himself an equal and therefore he himself considers himself an outsider because he doesn't have any self-worth.

So he doesn't feel as if he belongs with this group of people.

He sees himself as beneath them.

Like Jacob, he might have thought that Caliban's willingness to serve Stephano shows that he's been treated as an outsider for a very long time because the gift of alcohol can make him swear service.

So you might think that Prospero's treated him so badly, he now doesn't think of himself as worth anything.

He thinks that he doesn't belong because of how he's been treated.

You're all doing amazingly well, everyone.

Let's try and keep that same focus and energy for the second part of the lesson.

Now, what we're gonna do in this learning cycle is create an argument about how Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider.

To do that, we're first going to define a literary argument and then we're gonna deconstruct a model paragraph and think about how we can use that as a template of our own argument.

Let's start by thinking about what argument is.

So an argument is a reason or set of reasons given a support an idea, action, or theory.

This is such an important concept to keep in your head 'cause so often, you'll read a student's work.

There's so many wonderful ideas about text, but none of those ideas speak to each other.

So the essay ends up falling flat because there's no argument behind it.

You have to think about just including information that supports your ideas about the question.

So we're looking for ideas about the question.

How does Shakespeare present Caliban as an outsider in Act Three, Scene Two? We need to create an argument by considering which quotations from Act Three, Scene Two show Caliban as an outsider, and then we need to explain their effect on the reader.

Now, for a quick check for understanding, just to show an understanding of what an argument is.

So I'd like you to complete the following sentences.

A reason or set of reasons given in support of an idea, action, or theory is known as an.

To prove that Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider in Act Three, Scene Two, we need to.

And show their effect on the.

So pause the video and complete the sentences now.

Amazing.

So you might have said, a reason or set of reasons given in support of an idea, action, or theory is known as an argument.

And to prove that Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider in Act Three, Scene Two, you need to analyse the quotations and show their effect on the reader.

So very well done if you've got those right.

So what I'd like you to do now is think about how we can start building our argument by using the table below to show how the quotations show Caliban to be an outsider.

So the quotations are 'mooncalf', 'monster', 'lick thy shoe', and 'bite him to death'.

These are all quotes that we talked about in Act Three, Scene Two in our first learning cycle of this lesson.

So what I'd like you to do is pause the video and complete the table.

Amazing.

Really well done, everybody.

I really appreciated seeing people look back at their notes to really make sure they get as much outta this quotations as possible.

Now we start by looking at 'mooncalf'.

You might remember that in Shakespeare's time, people believed that 'mooncalves' were people born under a full moon and they were very superstitious and they thought that that meant these people would act or look in a way that was against society's expectations.

So it meant that they thought that Caliban was an outsider because he was born under a full moon.

Now if we think about monster, a monster's something we think of as inhuman and terrifying and therefore we know that Caliban must be an outsider, they're calling him a monster 'cause it shows he doesn't conform to the human expectations about what we should be and what we should look like.

In terms of Caliban saying 'lick thy shoe', now that shows him to be animalistic by having the characteristic of an animal.

And that also implies there's inferiority.

If offering to lick someone's shoe, that implies he feels if he's beneath that person because he wants them to respect and like him.

Finally, 'bite him to death', again, 'bite' is very animalistic.

We associate that with what animals do to each other.

It's a very violent and aggressive action, and again, sets Caliban as outside what we would expect people to do in society.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

Which two of the following quotations imply that we should be scared of Caliban? Is it A, 'mooncalf', B, 'monster', C, 'lick thy shoe', or D, 'bite him to death'? Pause the video and make your selections now.

Correct answers are B, 'monster' and D, 'bite him to death'.

So very well done if you've got those right.

So now we have our table of quotations and analysis that will form the evidence for argument.

We need to think about how we're gonna put them together to structure our argument.

So what we're gonna do is we're gonna read in detail a model paragraph and use it to create a writing frame for our own paragraph.

Now, writing frames are incredibly useful when you start writing analytical paragraphs because they give you the tools to express your ideas in a sophisticated way.

And then the more you write them, the more naturally those ideas will come to you.

So we're gonna consider what argument the model paragraph puts forward, how it introduces the argument, how it expresses the argument throughout, and how it concludes the argument.

Now we're gonna read through the model together.

Remember the question is, how does Shakespeare present Caliban as an outsider in Act Three, Scene Two of "The Tempest"? And the model answers, "In Act Three, Scene Two of "The Tempest", Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider through his belief he's beneath others and his use of language.

Caliban says, 'How does thy honour? Let me lick thy shoe' to Stephano.

Arguably, these words contribute the impression of him as an outsider because Caliban shows he does not see himself as equal to Stephano and should not stand beside him.

It's a sign of respect to kiss someone's feet.

However, Caliban does the more animalistic action of 'lick', again, setting him apart as an outsider.

Ultimately, this behaviour distances Caliban from the other characters in the play and sets him apart as someone who does not belong as an equal." So now we're gonna deconstruct the model paragraph together and consider the following four things.

So what argument did the model paragraph put forward? How did it introduce the argument? How it expresses the argument throughout, and how it concludes the the argument? And we're then gonna use those sentence frames to build our own writing frame.

So what I'd like you to do first is think back to the model.

What argument did the model paragraph put forward? Pause the video, take a few moments to consider Amazing.

Well done, everyone.

Like Laura, you might have thought, the model paragraph suggested that Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider, since he doesn't see himself as equal to the other characters and he uses animalistic language to express himself.

Now let's talk through the model on a sentence level.

So the model opens, "In Act Three, Scene Two of 'The Tempest', Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider through his belief he's beneath others and his use of language." They notice the model opens "Act Three, Scene Two of 'The Tempest'".

Here, it's giving the name of the play.

It's contextualising where in the play this happens.

Then when it says, "Shakespeare presents", it's giving the name of the writer, it's demonstrating the play as a construction through 'presents'.

You always want to make sure you're reminding the reader that you know that Shakespeare has created these characters for a purpose.

So always think about using the word Shakespeare and telling us how he has presented these characters, how has he written them in order to form an effect on the audience.

Then, when the model says, "Through his belief he's beneath others and his use of language", the model is giving us two reasons for their argument, that Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider is saying that Caliban believes he's beneath others, but also that Caliban uses particular language that makes him seem as if he's outside of the group.

So you can use this opening sentence in your paragraph.

So if we break the sentence down to its essential parts, it says, "In Act Three, Scene Two of 'The Tempest', Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider through.

So you've given us the name of the play, you've given us the name of the writer, you've contextualised it so we know where in the play this is happening.

We also know that you know that Caliban is presented as an outsider because you've told us that in your opening sentence.

So all you have to do is add in your own ideas about how Caliban is shown to be an outsider onto the end of the sentence.

So for example, you might say, "In Act Three, Scene Two of 'The Tempest', Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider through both the language used about him and the animalistic language he himself uses.

Again, you've given us two reasons here.

You've said that people use language about him, that suggests he is an outsider, but also he himself uses animalistic language and that suggests he doesn't belong in this particular society.

Now the model continues, "Arguably, this action contributes to the impression of him as an outsider because Caliban does not see himself as equal to Stephano and should not stand beside him." Now this sentence opens one of our keywords, opens with 'arguably'.

Now that's a connective to show the reader you're about to present a reason for your answer to the question.

You always want to make sure you keep in mind you are presenting an argument to the reader.

You want to convince them that your perspective is the correct perspective.

The model continues, "That contributes to the impression of him as an outsider." So we're linking back to the question.

You always want to make sure that every every piece of evidence you give links back to the question to make sure you're presenting an overall argument about the text.

It then says, "Because Caliban shows he does not see himself as equal." So you're giving a reason to the reader for your argument.

You're explaining why you've come to the conclusions that you have come to.

Now, as with the opening sentence, we can use this sentence structure within our own paragraph as well.

Again, if we break it down to the bones of the sentence, it would read like this.

Arguably, this.

contributes to the impression of him as an outsider because.

Now you can use this with any of your ideas.

It's a template that you can fill in.

So you can add your own ideas about Caliban and how he's shown to be an outsider into the sentence.

And then you explain the effect.

So for example, you might say, "Arguably, this animalistic language contributes to the impression of him as an outsider because it implies he's aggressive and this would cause the other characters to dislike him." Now the concluding sentence of the model is, "Ultimately, this behaviour distances Caliban from the other characters in the play and sets them apart as someone who does not belong as an equal." Now 'ultimately' is another one of our keywords and it shows you're at the end of your argument.

Then when the model says that Caliban distances himself from the other characters, that this means he's seen as someone who does not belong as an equal.

The model offers a summary of your argument.

It shows how Caliban is seen as an outsider.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

What I'd like you to do is practise completing a concluding sentence.

So I'd like you to use the following information to complete a completing sentence model.

So the information is that both the language used to describe Caliban and the language here you himself uses is animalistic and that this suggests he does not belong in society since he doesn't speak or act as a human should.

Now, our template for concluding sentence is, "Ultimately,.

distances Caliban from the other characters in the play.

." So use that information to complete the sentence.

Pause the video and have a go now.

Amazing, well done, everyone.

You might have said that "Ultimately, both the language used to describe Caliban and the language he himself uses is animalistic, which distances Caliban from the other characters in the play because it suggests he does not belong in society since he doesn't speak or act as a human should." So very well done if you got that right.

You've all done amazingly well today, everyone.

We're on our final task of the lesson.

So what I'd like you to do is use our table of quotes and analysis as well as our sentence templates to create your own argument for the question, how does Shakespeare present Caliban as an outsider in Act Three, Scene Two of "The Tempest"? So how does he present him as someone who doesn't belong and isn't liked by that group of people? So the templates are, in Act Three, Scene Two of "The Tempest", Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider through.

And then you give your own ideas.

Arguably,.

contributes the impression of him as an outsider because.

So you give your own evidence.

And ultimately,.

distances Caliban for the other characters in the play.

So you give your summary.

So pause the video and create your argument now.

Amazing.

Such a good job, everyone.

It's fantastic to see so many people looking back over the notes and really reading back over their writing to make sure they presented the most coherent and sophisticated argument possible.

What I'd like to do for the very final task lesson is self-assess your argument to the question, how would does Shakespeare present Caliban as an outsider in Act Three, Scene Two of "The Tempest? So consider whether you have used a topic sentence that expressed the reasons for your argument, used quotations from the text as evidence for your argument and explained the effect of those quotations.

And then did you use a concluding sentence that summarises your argument and links it back to the question? So pause the video and take a few minutes to read back through your work and self-assess your answer.

Amazing work, everyone.

It was such a great experience to read so many fantastic answers that really thought about how they could use the evidence from the text in order to show how Shakespeare presents Caliban as an outsider.

You all did fantastically well, everyone.

Here's a summary of what we covered.

Arguably, Caliban's language and actions demonstrate he sees himself as someone who isn't equal and doesn't belong.

Some would argue Caliban acts in an animalistic manner, which further sets him apart from society.

And Stephano and Trinculo's language positions Caliban as an outsider.

I really hope you enjoyed the lesson, everyone.

Goodbye.