Hello, everyone, and welcome to the lesson.

It's lovely to see you here today.

My name's Dr.

Clayton, and I'm here to guide you through your learning today.

Welcome to the lesson, everyone.

The lesson is called "Writing About Ariel." We're going to consider an essay question about the character of Ariel from "The Tempest." We're gonna think about how to respond to the question.

So we're gonna deconstruct the question, think about how you might create clear, analytical writing, and then by the end of the lesson, you're gonna be able to write your own analytical paragraph which explores the presentation of Ariel.

So our key words for today are mistreatment, indebted, dominate, manipulation, and exploitation.

The definitions for our keywords are appearing on your screen now.

These words have been chosen because they'll help you unlock the learning for today, and you'll see 'em throughout the material so you can see them used in context.

They'll be identified in bold, and I'll try to point them out to you as well.

If you can, try to use them in your discussions and written work today.

So we have three learning cycles in our lesson today.

For our first learning cycle, we're going to deconstruct the essay question so we know exactly what it's asking us and how to respond to it.

We're then gonna map out what we know about Ariel in "The Tempest" in order to create some notes to answer the question.

For our second learning cycle, we're going to consider some elements of what it means to write clear, analytical paragraphs.

This will help you not only in this lesson, but also in any analytical writing you do in the future.

So we're gonna look at topic sentences, selecting quotations, zooming in on specific words within quotations, and expressing alternative viewpoints.

We're also gonna consider a model paragraph so you can see what all these things look like as a whole.

For our third learning cycle then, we're going to look at some sentence stems you might use to begin your writing, and then we'll go through a checklist before you have a go at writing your own analytical paragraph.

So the question we're looking at today is, "Ariel is treated cruelly by Prospero.

"To what extent do you agree or disagree?" So let's break the question down into its two component parts.

The first part is, "Ariel is treated cruelly by Prospero." So what you need to do is analyse Shakespeare's presentation of the relationship between Ariel and Prospero through the language and structure of the play.

The second part is, "To what extent do you agree or disagree?" So the question is asking you for your opinion.

So you need to decide through looking at the language and structure whether you agree, agree to some extent, or disagree with the idea that Ariel is treated cruelly by Prospero.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

Which two of the following statements are true of the question.

It's A, you should only analyse Prospero's language, B, you should analyse both Prospero and Ariel's language, C, you need to agree with the statement, or D, you can agree, agree to some extent, or disagree with the statement.

Pause the video and make your selections now.

The correct answers are B, you should analyse both Prospero and Ariel's language, and D, you can agree, agree to some extent, or disagree with the statement, so very well done if you selected those answers.

Now, in order to form your opinion on the question in terms of whether Prospero has treated Ariel cruelly, we're going to recap the relationship between Prospero and Ariel in "The Tempest." To do this, I'd like you to create a mind map detailing the key plot points that have happened around Prospero and Ariel.

The first one's been done for you.

We hear from Prospero that when he first arrived on the island, he found Ariel magically imprisoned in a tree, and he freed them from that imprisonment.

Now pause the video and finish off the rest of the mind map.

Amazing.

I saw some fantastic ideas there.

You might have said that although Prospero frees Ariel from imprisonment, he immediately puts Ariel back in another form of captivity by making Ariel serve him and perform magical tasks for him.

During Act 1, Scene 2, Ariel asks for their freedom, and Prospero threatens to return Ariel to their imprisonment in the tree if they do not stop complaining.

During the same scene, Prospero becomes angry at Ariel and calls him "a malignant thing." Now, this is quite negative language to use, since malignant means something evil, and to call someone a thing implies they're simply an object and have no feelings or emotions.

Although he speaks to Ariel in a negative manner, Prospero does eventually promise to free Ariel once they've performed a couple of last tasks for him.

Finally, at the end of the play, Prospero frees Ariel from his service.

These plot points will form the basis for your opinion as to whether you agree, agree to some extent, or disagree that Prospero has treated Ariel cruelly.

Amazing work so far, everyone.

Onto our second learning cycle of the lesson, where we're going to consider what makes successful analytical writing.

We're going to consider some elements of what it means to write clear, analytical paragraphs.

This will help you not only in this lesson, but also in any future analytical writing you do.

So we're going to look at topic sentences, selecting quotations, zooming on specific words within quotations, and expressing alternative viewpoints.

We're also gonna consider a model paragraph so you can see what all these things look like as a whole.

We're gonna start with topic sentences.

These are a vital part of ensuring that your reader understands your argument and how it links back to the overall question.

So a topic sentence is the first sentence of each paragraph.

It explains the specific focus of the paragraph so the reader knows what to expect, and they link back to the question so the reader can see how it's offering an answer to the question.

So, an example of a topic sentence might be, "I agree entirely that Shakespeare presents Prospero "as treating Ariel cruelly "due to his exploitation of Ariel." Exploit is one of our key words.

That means to use someone unfairly to your own advantage.

So the focus of the paragraph is that Prospero treats Ariel unfairly for his own benefit.

The sentence also link back to the question, 'cause it tells us they agree entirely with the notion that Prospero treats Ariel cruelly.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

Which two of the following statements are true? So A, topic sentences should include quotations, B, topic sentences are the first sentence of a paragraph, or C, topic sentences explain the focus of the paragraph.

Pause the video and make your selection known.

Correct answers are B, topic sentences are the first sentence of a paragraph, and C, topic sentences explain the focus of the paragraph, so very well done if you selected those two.

Now we're gonna start looking at quotations.

In order to prove your argument, you need to use quotations from the play.

Quotations act as evidence, so you need to include them to show the reader that your argument is correct.

Ideally, these quotations will be short because you need to fit them into your sentence and you want to ensure you're really explaining the meaning of the quote, which is much easier to do with one or two keywords.

These quotations need to be relevant to the question and support the topic sentence.

As well as supporting the topic sentence, the quotations used also need to match the point being made in sentences throughout the analytical paragraph, so let's practise that now.

One point might be, Prospero shows his frustration with Ariel when he asks "before the time be out? "No more!" Now, what I'd like you to do is discuss whether the quotation matches the point.

So the point is that Prospero is frustrated.

Does that quotation show frustration? Pause the video and have a quick discussion now.

Amazing.

You had some great ideas there.

Here, Prospero is telling Ariel not to ask for their freedom anymore, which shows Prospero's frustration at Ariel's request, so it does match the point being made.

You might also notice the use of punctuation.

Prospero's use of a question mark after "before the time be out" suggests he doesn't quite believe that Ariel's asking him for their freedom.

And then the use of your exclamation mark after "no more" suggests heightened emotion, which does indeed fit with the ideas of frustration running through the point being made.

Another point might be, Prospero shows his frustration with Ariel when he states, "I will discharge thee." So again, what I'd like you to do is discuss whether this quotation matches the point.

Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing.

You had some great ideas there.

Now, in this instance, when Prospero says, "I will discharge thee," what he's saying is that he will set Ariel free.

Now, this shows kindness rather than frustration, so the quotation doesn't match the point of the sentence.

Now, for a quick check for understanding.

Which of the following quotes matches the idea that Prospero speaks cruelly to Ariel.

So A, when he calls him a "chick," B, when he accuses him of lying by saying "Thou liest," or C, when he says, "My Ariel." Pause the video and make your selection now.

The correct answer is B.

When Prospero accuses Ariel of lying, this is a cruel way of speaking to Ariel to suggest that Ariel is not a trustworthy person, so very well done if you got that right.

Now we've thought about selecting quotations and matching them to the point, we're now gonna think about what you should do with the quotations once you've selected them.

So to analyse the language, you should zoom in on individual words and explain their effect on the reader.

So, for example, Prospero speaks cruelly to Ariel when he says, "Thou liest, malignant thing." What I'd like you to do is think about which word from that quotation you would zoom in on and what would you say about it to show Prospero's cruelty? Pause the video and take a few moments to consider.

Amazing, some great ideas there.

You could zoom in on the word "malignant" and explain that Prospero is calling Ariel evil.

This emphasises Prospero's cruelty, since the language being used has particularly negative connotations.

You could also zoom in on the word "thing" and explains that it shows Prospero's cruelty because he's saying Ariel is like an object with no emotions or feelings.

Essentially, he's dehumanising Ariel and saying that they don't matter.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

Which two of the following statements are true? So A, quotations should match the point of the sentence, B, quotations shouldn't match the point of the sentence, C, you should explain the quote in its entirety, or D, you should zoom in on specific words from the quote.

Pause the video and make your selections now.

The correct answers are A, quotations should match the point of the sentence, and D, you should zoom in on specific words from the quote, so very well done if you selected those answers.

Now, being able to use discourse markers to show alternative viewpoints is very useful within this particular essay because it's an opinion-based question, but these discourse markers will be useful in any analytical writing you do because they'll also be used to show alternative interpretations of ideas or words.

In order to explain your opinion, you need to reference alternative views on Prospero and Ariel's relationship in order to justify the conclusion you've arrived at.

To do so, you need to begin your sentence by showing the reader that this point is different using a discourse marker.

A discourse marker is a word or phrase that lets the reader know where the argument's going next, so one discourse marker you might use is "alternatively." You might say, "Alternatively, "we can interpret Prospero's offer to free Ariel "as a further tactic to manipulate and exploit Ariel." Here, you're letting the reader know that now you're saying something different than you've said before.

You could substitute the word "alternatively" for "contrastingly" or "on the other hand." Now, notice that we need to use a comma after the discourse marker before moving on to the rest of our sentence.

Now for a quick check for understanding.

Which two of the following can be used to show alternative viewpoints, so A, on the other hand, B, similarly, C, therefore, or D, contrastingly? Pause the video and make your selections now.

Correct answers are A, on the other hand, and D, contrastingly, so very well done if you selected those two.

You're all doing amazingly well, everyone.

On to our second task of the lesson.

What I'm gonna ask you to do is annotate the model paragraph.

So, you should identify the topic sentence, the use of quotations, zooming in on words and explain their effect, and share alternative viewpoints.

Let's read through the model paragraph together before you start annotating.

"I agree to some extent that Shakespeare shows Prospero "as treating Ariel cruelly since he mistreats Ariel "by manipulating them into tasks, "but he does show kindness at the end of the play." So here we can see two of our keywords.

If you mistreat someone, then you treat them unfairly, cruelly, or badly, so it's saying that Prospero is treating Ariel cruelly.

And to manipulate someone means that you control them for your own advantage.

So again, it's saying that Prospero is treating Ariel cruelly, since he's using him to his own advantage.

"Prospero says, "'Does they forget from what a torment I did free thee?' "This aims to make Ariel "feel completely indebted to Prospero, "which means they will need to complete Prospero's tasks "and not complain." Again, another of our keywords.

To be indebted to someone means you feel grateful to them because of help you've given them, so Prospero's saying that Ariel should feel grateful.

Moreover, Prospero dominates the conversation, since he has more lines.

Again, another key word.

To dominate means to have control over someone, so here it's saying that Prospero has control over Ariel.

This means that Prospero has more power in the scene, since he is the dominant voice and controls the conversation.

"However, whilst Prospero has more power in the scene "and is rude to Ariel, he is not necessarily cruel to them, "as he does not cause them any harm.

"Contrastingly, he's very kind to Ariel "at the end of the play and frees them.

"'My Ariel, chick, be free and fare thou well.

' "This suggests that Prospero likes and respects Ariel "and will be sad to leave Ariel on the island "when he goes back home.

"This is because he's using terms of endearment "such as 'chick' and respect such as 'thou' "to show an element of kindness, not cruelty." Now what I'd like you to do is annotate the paragraph.

So where's the topic sentence? Where's the use of quotations? Where is it zooming in on words, and where is it showing alternative viewpoints? Pause the video and create your annotations now.

Amazing, some great ideas there.

Let's talk through them all together.

So you should have highlighted the first sentence and said that this is the topic sentence.

By saying they agree to some extent that Shakespeare shows Prospero treating Ariel cruelly, the student is referring back to the question and letting the reader know their opinion.

By then stating they believe Prospero manipulates and mistreats Ariel, but ultimately does show kindness at the end, the student is letting the reader know the focus of the paragraph.

In terms of the use of quotations, you might have highlighted, "Dost thou forget from what torment I did free thee?" Now let's just spend a little bit longer thinking about this quotation and how it fits with the paragraph.

The overall point they're making is that Prospero manipulates Ariel, and by asking Ariel to remember what he's done for them, Prospero is emotionally manipulating Ariel.

As the paragraph goes on to say, "The aim of these words "is to make Ariel feel indebted to Prospero." This shows the quotation is appropriate and matches the point the student is trying to make.

Now, it's not a quotation, but they do also refer to the text as evidence when they say that Prospero has more lines than Ariel and therefore shows he is the more dominant voice.

Again, this fits with their overall argument, since they use this point to show that Prospero controls Ariel, which fits with the idea of Prospero manipulating Ariel.

Now, another quotation the student uses is, "My Ariel, chick, be free and fare thou well," and this is being used as evidence to show that Prospero is kind to Ariel at the end of the play.

In order to prove this, the student zooms in on individual words from the quotation.

So they zoom in on "chick" and say this is a form of endearment to show that Prospero and Ariel have a close relationship.

They also zoom in on "thou" and explain this is a respectful way of talking to Ariel, which shows that ultimately, Prospero does like and respect Ariel and will be sad to leave them.

This fits with their topic sentence, which shows that Prospero ultimately is kind Ariel at the end of the play.

Finally, you might also highlighted "however" and "contrastingly" to show the alternative viewpoints.

The beginning of the paragraph suggests that Prospero treats Ariel cruelly through his manipulation and power, and the use of "however" signals to the reader that now we're going to hear an alternative view on this.

Crucially, the model has given an alternative view on the point that's just been made, rather than starting a new, unconnected point.

It agrees that Prospero does have more power than Ariel, but suggests that actually, this power doesn't necessarily mean that Prospero is cruel to Ariel, since he doesn't ever use this power to do them any harm.

You've all done incredibly well so far.

Onto our final learning cycle of the lesson, where you are gonna go have a go at writing your own analytical paragraph in response to the question.

Before you start writing, let's look at some sentence stems. So you might use the following to help you with your writing.

You might start by saying, "In Act 1, Scene 2, it's fair to say that." Then you'll give some evidence, and tell me because.

Or, you might open with, "Prospero says," and give a quote that Prospero says, and then you'll tell us what the effect of that quote is.

So, some examples might be, "In Act 1, Scene 2, it's fair to say "that Prospero treats Ariel cruelly "because he demands they work for their freedom." Or, "Prospero says that Ariel is a thing "which makes us think that Prospero doesn't see Ariel "as a real person with real feelings." Now for quick check for understanding, and what I'd like you to do is match the sentence stem with the explanation.

So which explanation fits with which sentence stem? Your options are, "In Act 1, Scene 2, "it's fair to say that Prospero "treats Ariel cruelly because." Your second sentence stem is, "In Act 1, Scene 2, it's unfair to say "that Prospero treats Ariel cruelly because." And then your explanation options are, "He demands they work for their freedom," and, "He doesn't physically harm Ariel in any way." Pause the video and make your selections down.

The correct answers are, "In Act 1, Scene 2, it's fair to say "that Prospero treats Ariel cruelly "because he demands they work for their freedom." And then, "In Act 1, Scene 2, it's unfair to say "that Prospero treats Ariel cruelly "because he doesn't physically harm Ariel in any way," so very well done if you've got those right.

You've done incredibly well so far, everyone.

Onto our final task of the lesson, where you're gonna have a go at writing an analytical paragraph to answer the question, "Ariel is treated cruelly by Prospero.

"To what extent do you agree or disagree?" Remember to use a topic sentence that explains the focus of the paragraph, to use quotations that match the point of your sentence, to zoom in on individual words and explain their effect, and to use discourse markers such as alternatively to show different viewpoints.

Pause the video and write your paragraph now.

Amazing, you all did incredibly well, and what I'd like you to do to finish off the lesson is to self-assess your answer.

So, your checklist is, did you use a topic sentence that explains the focus of each paragraph? Did you use quotations that match the point of your sentence? Did you zoom in on individual words and explain their effect? And did you use discourse markers such as alternatively to show different viewpoints? You all did amazingly well today, everyone.

Here's a summary of what we covered.

Shakespeare presents Ariel as mistreated and exploited by Prospero.

Shakespeare also presents Prospero's kindness to Ariel, as ultimately he frees Ariel.

It's important to choose relevant quotations that answer the question and support the topic sentence.

It's important to zoom in on words and techniques and explain their effects.

And finally, alternative interpretations can be explored using discourse markers such as alternatively.

I really hope you enjoyed the lesson, everyone.

Goodbye.