Hello and welcome to today's lesson.

My name is Ms. Watson and I'm really looking forward to teaching you today.

We are going to be writing about Mormor's Death in "The Twisted Tree" and you are gonna be doing some really, really focused writing that will help build your confidence and your writing style.

You will need a copy of the book and you really need the 2019 edition which is published by Hot Key Books.

That makes it so much easier when I'm giving you page references.

So when you have the copy of the book and you're ready, we will make a start.

So the outcome of today's lesson is that you will be able to write an article that includes a variety of sentence types.

Let's start by looking at the keywords, four keywords today that relate or relate to sentences.

So we have simple sentence.

That is a sentence with a subject and a verb that expresses a thought or idea.

And then we have compound sentence, and compound sentences join together two main clauses to form one complete sentence.

And then a complex sentence, that is a sentence made up of a main clause which makes sense by itself, and a subordinate clause, which doesn't.

And then an adverb.

They're words or phrases that modify or qualify an adjective or verb.

So, if you would like a little bit of time to familiarise yourself with the keywords, please feel free to pause the video and do that, and then rejoin the lesson when you're ready.

So there are three learning cycles.

We are going to start by revising sentence types, then we are going to move on to writing an article introduction, and then we are going to move on to writing up the article.

So we are going to use the plans we made in the previous lesson to write up our articles about Mormor's death.

And what we are going to do in particular is focus on what we call focused writing.

Now that is where we follow a step-by-step structure so that we really, really focus on the choices we make, particularly the choices we make at sentence and word level.

And the key thing that we're going to focus on is varying sentence lengths to create specific effects.

Now, I would like you to have a discussion about what sentence types can you remember from previous study.

Pause the video while you have that discussion.

Or if you are working by yourself, just pause the video and make a few notes.

Off you go.

Now it's really important to know a range of sentence structures and be confident in using them, and here are some different types.

Complex sentences, compound sentences, simple sentences, imperative sentences, interrogative sentences, exclamative sentences, and declarative sentences.

And varying our sentence types and even the sentence structure, for example, by where we place a subordinate clause, will make our writing vivid and engaging.

So let's recap the sentence types that we are going to use in our article.

The simple sentence, one main clause.

It has a subject and a verb, and it expresses one complete thought.

For example, "The striker scored." The subject is the striker and the verb is scored.

So let's have a check for understanding.

Which of the following is true of simple sentences? Is it A, they contain two main clauses.

B, they contain one main clause.

C, they contain a variety of verbs and subjects.

Have a think, make your choice.

Did you say B? That's right, they contain one main clause.

Let's move on.

Now compound sentences.

They join together two main clauses to form one complete sentence.

And usually the two main clauses are typically joined together using a coordinating junction, such as and, for, but, so, yet, nor, and or.

And this would be an example.

"The crowd cheered wildly and the team surged forward to score again." So there is the first main clause, "The crowd cheered wildly." It's a complete sentence on its own since it contains a subject, a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.

And the "and," this is the coordinating conjunction that joins the two sentences together.

And this is the second main clause, "The team surged forward to score again." It also makes sense on its own since it has a subject, a verb, and it is a complete thought.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Which two of the following are true of compound sentences? Is it A, they have one main clause and one subordinate clause.

B, they have two main clauses.

C, they can be joined together by a coordinating conjunction.

What do you think? Did you say B and C? 'Cause that's the right answer.

Well done, let's move on.

And now we're going to look at complex sentences, the ones that are made up of one main clause and one or more subordinate clause.

So, just a reminder of what a main clause is.

It is a complete thought and it makes sense on its own.

For example, "The ball went into the top corner." And a subordinate clause is a group of words that add extra information to complement the main clause but they don't make sense on their own.

For example, "Bending around the wall." And if you link this main clause and subordinate clause, you could form a complex sentence which would read like this.

"Bending around the wall, the ball went into the top corner." Note there that the main clause and the subordinate clause need a comma between them.

Now, in order to join the main clause and the subordinate clause together, the sentence will often use subordinating conjunctions such as since, because, until, and if.

For example, "Since training more, the team had played very well together." So there's your subordinate clause, "Since training more," with the subordinating conjunction, since.

And the main clause is "the team had played very well together." So to construct your complex sentence, the subordinate clause can go at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence.

And if a subordinate clause goes at the end of the sentence, then you need a comma after the subordinate clause, remember.

"Since training more, the team had played very well together." Subordinate clause, comma, main clause.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Is it true or false to say that a complex sentence has one main clause and at least one subordinate clause? True or false? It's true, well done.

But why is it true? Well, you could say that the subordinate clause provides extra, complimentary information for the main clause.

By complimentary we mean supporting, additional information.

Well done, let's move on.

And in addition to these sentence types, we also have the following which are useful for news articles.

And they are interrogative sentences and declarative sentences.

What do you remember about these sentence types? You can pause the video and have a discussion.

Or if you're working by yourself, just pause the video and make a few notes.

Well, welcome back.

And you might have said that an interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark.

Here's an example.

"Will they win the championship this year?" And the declarative sentence expresses an idea.

"The team is the best in a generation." Now what I would like you to do is this.

Here is an example paragraph which reports on the deaths of Olav and Yrsa.

And I'm gonna read it to you and then I would like you to identify each of the following.

Simple, compound, complex, declarative, and interrogative.

So let me read the paragraph and you follow along.

"Skjebne is in mourning.

Our town has been left shocked and horrified and the community are demanding answers.

In mysterious circumstances, Yrsa and Olav's bodies were found by dog walkers just before dawn.

The police are investigating the tragic event after reports of ferocious wolves stalking the area in recent weeks.

However, is there something much darker and more disturbing waiting to be uncovered?" So pause the video and identify those five different sentence types in that paragraph.

Off you go.

Welcome back, and it's a big thumbs up for me for your focus in that task.

So this is what you probably noticed.

That you have that simple sentence there, "Skjebne is in mourning." Often beginning a paragraph with a simple sentence is very effective.

And then you have the compound sentence, "Our town has been left shocked and horrified and the community are demanding answers." "And" there being the coordinating conjunction.

And then the complex sentence, so, "In mysterious circumstances" is the subordinate clause.

And then we have the statement of fact, "The police are investigating the tragic event after reports of ferocious wolves stalking the area in recent weeks." And the question, interrogative, "Is there something much darker and more disturbing waiting to be uncovered?" Very well done.

Let's move on.

Let's look at the lesson outline again.

We've looked at sentence types, and now we're going to look at writing an introduction.

And we are going to think about how we would use adverbs in our introduction.

Now, adverbs are words or phrases that modify or qualify an adjective or verb.

That means they alter or they strengthen or weaken an adjective or verb.

And in general they express these kind of relations.

Degree: perfectly or slightly.

Focused: particularly or mainly.

Frequency: usually, rarely.

The manner in which something is done: happily, sadly.

The place: nearby, above.

And the time: quickly or slowly.

For example, "He shouted angrily" gives us an indication of the manner of how the man shouted.

So let's have a check for understanding.

"He shouted regularly" uses an adverb to express a relation of, is it A, frequency; B, place; C, focus; or D, degree? Have a think.

Make your choice.

It's frequency.

He does this often.

Let's move on.

Now, why are they so useful? Well, they can be helpful in our newspaper articles as they give the reader a clue about where our writing is heading or what emotional response they should have.

For example, in an article about Mormor's death, we may use the adverbs sadly, strangely, shockingly, regretfully, crucially.

And I want you to imagine this task.

Skjebne's newspaper has asked you to write an article reporting on Mormor's death and celebrating her life.

And I would like you to write up the introduction to it, making sure that you follow these steps.

Sentence one, now that must be a compound sentence that includes an adjective.

And sentence two must start with the phrase, "In.

." what kind of circumstances? And sentence three must be a simple sentence of no more than six words.

And sentence four must be an interrogative sentence, starting with the word however.

And sentence five must start with an adverb.

Sentence six, that needs to be a complex sentence.

And sentence seven needs to use a language device of some kind, maybe a simile, maybe personification, maybe a metaphor, maybe alliteration or onomatopoeia.

That's for you to decide.

But you must use a language device in a focused and conscious way.

Now, you are going to have to pause the video while you do that.

So get ready, pause the video, and off you go.

Happy focused writing.

Welcome back.

What excellent focus.

I'd like you to read this extract from Jun's work.

"Mysteriously, she seemed to know the ancient legends were true.

Mormor was a protector.

She guarded the family's secrets and she taught us the old ways.

Although she faced many supernatural threats, her spirit remained unbroken, and she inspired all who knew her." So where has Jun used an adverb and a simple sentence? Have a look.

There is the adverb, "mysteriously," and "Mormor was a protector" is a simple sentence.

So before we move on I'd like to check that your work has followed the criteria, the seven-sentence rule that was outlined when I set the task.

Take some time to do that, pause the video and then rejoin me for the last learning cycle of the lesson.

Another look at the lesson outline.

And you can see that it is now time for writing up the article.

We're going to recap the key parts of a newspaper article.

There's the opening, which must include who, what, where, when, why.

The five Ws, we often call them.

And the main body, which has the essential information.

That might be, for example, interviews with witnesses.

And then the tail, which is the other background information.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Which part comes at the end of a news article? A, the opening; B, the tail; C, the main body.

What do you think? The tail, well done.

Let's move on.

So a reminder of the task.

It is that Skjebne's newspaper has asked you to write an article reporting on Mormor's death and celebrating her life.

And I want you to write up the rest of your article using your plan.

You need to ensure that the main body and tail of your article uses a variety of sentence types, include key background information about Mormor, uses appropriate appropriate adverbs, and the five Ws, who, what, when, where, why.

We are clear about those at the beginning and throughout the article.

So gather up all your notes and your ideas, and when you're ready, pause the video, and happy writing.

Off you go.

Welcome back.

Again, excellent focus.

What I would like you to do now is to self-assess your work.

Identify where you have used the following sentence types in your article.

Complex sentences, compound sentences, simple sentences, imperative sentences, sometimes called bossy sentences, interrogative sentences, that's the questions, and declarative sentences where you are stating a fact.

You will need to pause the video while you do that.

When you have self-assessed your work, please rejoin me for the end of the lesson.

So before we say goodbye, let's have a summary of what you have been learning today.

You have been learning that writing with focus one sentence at a time allows you to carefully craft each sentence.

And you have been learning that a paragraph should include simple, compound, and complex sentences.

And you have been learning that starting a sentence with an adverb can be really effective because it sets the tone and adds further detail.

It has been a real pleasure to teach you today.

Thank you for your focus and your hard work and your writing.

I wish you a brilliant rest of the day and I look forward to seeing you in another lesson.

Bye for now.