Lesson video

Today's lesson is all about creating a new word.

Hello, my name is Mr. Young and it's great to be with you in today's lesson.

Let's get started.

Let's take a look at today's learning outcome, which is as follows.

So by the end of today's lesson, everybody should be able to create a new word using language change theories.

And as always, we are going to have some very important words to accompany our learning today.

And those are our key words.

They are going to appear with their definitions on the next slide.

And do pause the video if you'd like to spend a little bit more time looking at any word in particular.

Let's take a look at what they are.

Blending, compounds, acronym, initialism and affixation.

Today's lesson we'll have three learning cycles and they are as follows.

We are going to begin by looking at blending compounds and affixation.

So three very particular things that affect how words are formed.

Then we are going to move on to look at two similar things, but things that are not exactly the same.

And those things are acronyms and initialism.

And then we are going to move on to our third and final learning cycle, which is all about new words and specifically the creation of new words.

You're gonna have a go at using some of those theories from learning cycle one and two to create your new word.

But let's get started with learning cycle one.

Your first task for today's lesson is to look at the words below, work out what they mean and to think about what they have in common.

And those words are smog, brunch, motel, and guesstimate.

Do pause the video, have a quick discussion, and then do push play when you are ready to continue.

Okay, some great discussions taking place to kick us off in today's learning.

Really well done if you were able to identify anything similar to what is on the board now.

These words are all made from two existing words and are all examples of word blending.

This is where the beginning of one word is combined with the end of another to make a new word.

My second discussion question then is looking at these words once again, smog, brunch, motel and guesstimate.

Can you work out which words have been blended to make these new words? Pause the video, have a quick discussion and push play when you'd like to see the correct answers.

Okay, really nice job if you are able to identify that smog is a word blend of the word smoke and fog.

Brunch is a word blend of the words breakfast and lunch.

Motel is a word blend of the word motor and hotel.

And finally, guesstimate is a blend of the existing words, guess and estimate.

Well done if you were able to identify that really great work.

Okay, word blending exists as an efficient way to name new things.

By using existing words, blending gives an effective reference point to new inventions and ideas.

We're gonna look at that in a bit more detail now.

So look at the words below.

These words have been blended together to name new technological concepts.

What do you think the blended words are? And those words are electronic and mail, web and log, international and network and iPod and broadcast.

Pause the video, have a quick discussion and then do push play when you'd like to see the correct answers.

Okay, some really great discussions taking place and I'd be super impressed if anybody's able to identify the following that electronic and mail are email, that web and log are of course blog, that international and network are internet and iPod and broadcast are podcast.

So really good examples of word blends from new kind of technological concepts.

Great work if you were able to identify those.

Now let's take a look at word compounds.

Word compounds are similar to word blending, however they are slightly different.

Here are some examples of words that are compounds, cupcake, toothbrush, starfish, and pancake.

What I would like you to do is have a quick look at the discussion task on the board in front of you.

Looking at the examples of compounds above, how do you think they may differ from blended words? Pause the video, have a quick discussion on that question and then do push play when you'd like to continue with today's learning.

Okay, some really nice discussions taking place and I'd be really impressed if anyone is able to identify that difference between them.

Whilst both compounds and blended words use combinations of other words to make new ones, the words used to make compounds are the full word, not just a part of it like in word blending, e.

g.

cup and cake to form cupcake.

Great job if you are able to identify that important distinction.

So we can see there how these words are made.

Cupcake is made by simply combining the word cup and cake.

The same for toothbrush with tooth and brush, starfish, and pancake.

Compounds are used for two very specific purposes.

Firstly, it's simply convenience.

Compounds make language simpler by combining words so we don't have to write long words and phrases.

And secondly, they help us with clarity compounds help us be clear and specific in what we are talking about.

So for example, a toothbrush rather than just simply saying a brush for teeth.

I have a quick discussion question for you then.

Many words that you use every day as part of your time at school are compounds.

Can you think of any? Pause the video, have a quick discussion and then do push play when you'd like to see some examples of what you could have said.

Okay, some great discussions taking place and well done if you are able to spot any things that are around you in your typical experience of school.

Things I had in mind were playground, homework, whiteboard, textbook, backpack, lunchbox, notebook and classroom.

And as you can see these are all compound words.

They are words created by blending or combining two independent words to make a new one.

Great job if you are able to spot any of those in your own work.

Okay, quick check for understanding then please.

Your question is as follows, which two words below are examples of word compounds? Pause the video, complete the task and push play when you would like to see the correct answers.

Okay, great job if you are able to identify website and smartphone as the compound words.

Both words are made by combining two existing independent words.

Great spot if you are able to get that one.

Okay, our final part of learning cycle one is on affixation.

Words can also be changed by adding letters to their start or finish and this is known as affixation.

In particular there are several prefixes that are used often in English to alter the meaning of words.

Let's have a quick look at what they are.

We have the prefix re- and that usually means something repeated.

Then we have the prefix pre- which usually means something before or prior to.

Then we have the prefix un- which is usually to denote the opposite of something.

And finally we have mis- which is usually placed in words to show something as being incorrect or wrong.

So my task for you then please is to have a quick discussion and can you think of any examples of these words in action? Any words that include these prefixes.

Pause the video, have a quick discussion, and then do push play when you would like to see some correct answers.

Okay, some really nice discussions taking place and well done if you identified anything similar to what is on the board.

Remember these words are in front of hundreds if not thousands of words.

So don't worry if you haven't got exactly the ones on the board.

But what we've got for re- is the word replay.

For pre- we have prehistoric, for un- we have unhappy and for mis we have miscalculate.

You can see all of those words rely on the prefix to change their meaning.

So a replay is something repeated, prehistoric is something prior to, unhappy is the opposite of happy and miscalculate is when we make a mistake or get something wrong.

We can see all of those prefixes are serving a purpose in those example words.

Well done if you are able to identify any of your own.

Okay, quick check for understanding then please.

The word replay is an example of word affixation, true or false? Pause the video, complete the task and then do push play when you'd like to see the correct answer.

Okay, great job if you identified it as true.

It is absolutely true that replay is an example of word affixation.

But now let's add some challenge to this task by trying to justify our answer.

How would we justify that? Is it A, it's meaning is changed by the addition of the prefix re- or is it B, it's a combination of two separate words, redo and replay? Pause the video, complete the task and push play when you like to see the correct answer.

Okay, great job if you of course identified that it is in fact A, its meaning is changed by the addition of the prefix re-.

Great job if you identified that one, well done.

Okay, today's practise task is as follows.

We have an example student account on the board.

What I would like you to do is to read the student's account of their Sunday afternoon.

And crucially, I would like you to identify the following in this extract and that is compounds, blended words and affixations.

So the student work is as follows.

Every Sunday my family and I take a break from running our local motel and enjoy a special brunch together, enjoying handmade sandwiches, delicious cupcakes and steaming cups of tea.

In the afternoon we head to the park to play football.

Often we replay our favourite matches when travelling home, although my siblings often misremember the score.

It's difficult to be unhappy when you have weekends like this.

So pause the video, complete the task, and then do push play when you'd like to see some feedback.

Okay, excellent work taking place throughout that task.

And let's look at what you could have said.

So firstly, we have some compounds in this extract.

We have handmade, we have cupcake, and we have football.

And these are all compounds because the words that make them up are independent words in their own right.

So great job if you spotted those.

Secondly, we have blended words.

We have motel and brunch which are words created from parts of other words.

So in the case of motel, motor and hotel, again, great job if you are able to spot that.

And finally we have word affixations in particular we have replay and we have misremember words that have prefixes at their start to alter their meaning.

Great job if you identified any of those.

Really well done and great, great start to the lesson.

Okay, now we're moving on to our second learning cycle, which is all about acronyms and initialisms. Let's get started.

Acronyms and initialisms are both shortened forms of longer words or names.

So an acronym is a word created by combining the first letter of each word in a phrase or name to create a new single word.

Whereas initialism refers to a shortened form of a word where each letter is in a phrase or name is pronounced separately.

Let's take a look at how that might work.

We've got two examples on the board in front of us and those are firstly NATO, which is the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, so a political entity.

This is an example of an acronym as it is pronounced as a separate word.

We do not say N-A-T-O, we say NATO.

It becomes its own word so it is an acronym.

Whereas on the other hand we have things like the BBC, the British Broadcasting Corporation.

And this is an example of initialism as every letter is pronounced in this shortened form.

We say B-B-C, so it is an example of initialism.

Very crucial dis distinction between the two.

Let's have a quick task then.

So what I'd like to do is look at the bullet point examples on the board and have a think about whether they are acronyms or whether they are examples of initialism.

Pause the video, complete the task and then do push play when you'd like to see the correct answers.

Okay, great job on that task.

And let's look at what you could have said.

CCTV is an example of initialism.

We pronounce every single letter individually, so it is an example of initialism.

The second one is a slightly tricky one and well done if you are able to pick up on this.

But the example ASAP or A-S-A-P is an example of initialism and acronym.

And the reason for that is because people say in different ways.

Some people say ASAP, so that would be an acronym, whereas others say A-S-A-P, which would be an initialism.

So great job if you're able to spot that.

Again, we've got NASA, which is an acronym pronounced all as one word the same for GIF.

And then we have initialism for ETA, your estimated time of arrival.

This is an example of initialism because every letter is pronounced individually.

And then finally we have PIN as in your PIN number.

And this is an acronym because we say it as a word, we don't say P-I-N.

Great job if you're able to spot those, well done.

The rule that we must take away from this is that if the individual letters are each pronounced in the shortened form, then it is an example of initialism.

But if the individual letters are pronounced as a separate word, then it becomes an example of an acronym.

Okay, quick check for understanding for me then please.

So your question is as follows, in a shortened form of a word, when every letter is pronounced individually, this is an example of A, an acronym, B, initialism, or C, an abbreviation.

Pause the video, complete the task and then do push play when you like to see the correct answer.

Okay, great job if you identified it as initialism, well done.

In a shortened form of word where every letter is pronounced individually, this is an example of initialism.

Great job getting that right.

Okay, your practise task for learning cycle two is as follows.

I would like you to write a summary of the differences between acronyms and initialism using an example of each in your summary and you've got some sentence starters on the board to help you.

So firstly you have an acronym is a word, whereas initialism refers to and for example, CCTV is an example of.

Pause the video, complete the practise task and then do push play when you'd like to see some feedback on how you could have approached this.

Okay, excellent work on that practise task as part of learning cycle two.

And here are some examples of how you could have approached this task.

And remember, this isn't the the absolute correct answer.

You may have approached it a little bit differently and that's absolutely fine.

We could have said an acronym is a word created by combining the first letter of each word in a phrase or name to create a new single word.

Whereas initialism refers to a shortened form of a word where each letter in a phrase or name is pronounced separately.

For example, CCTV is an example of initialism as each letter is pronounced separately.

However, NASA is an example of an acronym as the letters have been used to create a new single word.

Great job if you are able to identify anything similar in your own piece of written work.

Okay, so we have now reached our third and final learning cycle of today's lesson and it is all about new words.

So my first task for you is as follows, I would like you to look at the words below.

These are all examples of words created by students.

We've got a adorkable, wincident, hometicipation and YOLO.

My task for you is as follows.

What do you think these words and phrases might mean? And are there any examples of blending compounds or acronyms in the words below? Pause the video, have a quick discussion and then do push play when you'd like to see some feedback.

Okay, some really great discussions to kick off learning cycle three and well done for identifying that there are examples of all of these things in the words created by the students.

Let's take a bit more of a detailed look at these words and let's think about how they have been created.

Let's start with adorkable.

How has this word been made? Well, this is a compound word.

This has taken the words adorable and dork and created something new.

What might this word mean? Well, unfashionable or awkward in a way considered to be cute.

Our second word is wincident.

How has the student made this word? Well this is an example of blending, the words wince and incident have been blended together to create something new.

And remember to wince is a facial expression in response to something embarrassing or awkward.

So what might this word mean? Well, a situation so embarrassing that it makes you wince.

Our third word is hometicipation.

So how has this word been made? Well we could say this is an example of affixation, adding -ipation to the word home.

We could also potentially say that this is an example of word blending.

Blending the word home with anticipation.

So what does this word mean? Well it's a sense of excitement when you are travelling home.

And our final word is YOLO.

So how has this word been made? Well this is an acronym for You Only Live Once.

Each letter of that phrase has been put together to form a new word, which in this case is YOLO.

So what does this mean? Well, a phrase which suggests you should do exciting things.

Well done if you were able to pick up on any of those yourself as we work through this? Okay, quick check for understanding then please.

So match each new word created by the students to its definition.

Pause the video, have a quick go and then do push play when you'd like to see some feedback to this task.

Okay, some really nice work taking place and well done, if you identified that the definition of adorkable is unfashionable or awkward in a way considered to be cute.

Hometicipation is a sense of excitement when you are travelling home.

Wincident is a situation so embarrassing that it makes you wince.

Great job if you're able to identify those.

Okay, our second check for understanding is as follows, the word hometicipation is an example of what? Is it a compound, word blending, an acronym or word affixation.

Pause the video, have a go at the task and then do push play when you'd like to see some feedback to this.

Okay, very great job if you identified it as potentially word blending or word affixation.

Either of those are acceptable answers.

Well done if you picked up on that.

Okay, we are now moving on to our final practise task of this lesson and it is as follows.

Your task is to create a new word that could be added to the dictionary.

You could do this in the following ways.

Firstly, you could think of objects or feelings that don't have a word to describe them or they don't have a name yet, e.

g.

the satisfaction when you find something you thought was lost.

Secondly, you could think of words you could squish together to create a new word.

For example, chocoholic as an example of this.

Or you could think of acronyms you use that could become words in their own right.

There are some examples on the board in front of you.

Or finally, you could think of suffixes or prefixes you could add to existing words to create a new word.

For example, prefixes like re-, un-, cyber-, over- or suffixes like -ish, -less, - ise, or able.

So pause the video, have a go at the task and then do push play when you'd like to see some feedback of how you could have approached this.

Okay, some fantastic responses to a really nice task and I'm seeing some really creative work taking place.

Well done for that.

Your task now is to look at an example and complete some self-assessment tasks.

This is an example of what we could have done.

The word I would like to add to the dictionary is 'chillaid.

' 'Chillaid' is something that helps you relax and is unique to every individual person.

This is a compound word.

Combining both the words chill and aid to create something new.

Okay, your self-assessment tasks are as follows.

What is your word? What does it mean? And have you used compound, blending, acronyms, or affixation with your new word? Pause the video, complete the self-assessment task.

And then do push play when you'd like to continue with this lesson.

Okay, some really excellent work taking place today.

Some really hard work on some very, very challenging and difficult contents and really well done for all of your fantastic work today.

Let's have a quick summary of what we have learned.

Firstly, blending is when words are chopped up and put together.

Compounds are when two words are merged, sometimes using a hyphen.

Initialism is like an acronym, except all letters are pronounced.

And affixation means fastening parts of words to other words.

Well done for all of your hard work today, and I look forward to teaching you on another lesson on this sequence.

Well done.