Hello and welcome to today's lesson.

My name is Ms. Watson, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you today.

We're gonna be reading this fantastic speech by Hillary Clinton about women's rights, and we're gonna look at some of the techniques that she uses to make that speech so effective and strong.

So let's get started.

So by the end of today's lesson, you will understand and be able to explain how Hillary Clinton uses time and place in her speech, "Women's Rights are Human Rights." As ever, we will start with the key words.

They are persistently, inequality, deprivation, apartheid, and undervalued.

Let's see what they mean.

Now, if you do something persistently, you do it firmly, even obstinately.

That means quite stubbornly.

You carry on in a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition.

Nothing is going to stop you.

Inequality.

That's a difference in size, degree, or circumstance.

But it's usually applied to differences that are unfair or unjust.

Deprivation.

If you are deprived, if you are experiencing deprivation, you are lacking the basic necessities of life.

And apartheid was South Africa's former system of segregation on the grounds of race.

And something that is undervalued is not appreciated for its real worth, for its actual worth.

If you need a little bit of time to write down the key words or to familiarise yourself with the definitions, please feel free to pause the video and then join us when you're ready.

So let's look at an outline of today's lesson.

We are gonna start by reading part of Hillary Clinton's speech, and then we are going to look at how she uses time and place in Clinton's speech.

Before we're gonna read the speech, we're just gonna understand the context of the speech.

And Oak students have been learning about Hillary Clinton and about the United Nations.

And this is what they've learned.

Izzy has learned that Hillary Clinton, she's a lawyer and an American politician.

She was secretary of State from 2009 to 2013.

She served in the government when Barack Obama was president.

She was the Democratic nominee in the 2016 election, and she's married to former US President Bill Clinton.

And Alex is gonna share some information about the United Nations, is often just called the UN.

It's an international organisation.

It was founded in 1945 after World War II.

And its aims were to promote peace, security, and cooperation.

You can see that that those would've been qualities that were very much on people's minds after the Second World War.

And it also addresses global issues like human rights, social and economic development, and international conflicts.

So we're going to read an extract from Hillary Clinton's 1995 speech to the United Nations.

You'll find the speech in additional materials.

And in this lesson we are going to read from "Over the last 25 years.

." and we are going to end with, ".

and banned from the ballot box." So this is where we start.

Now I'm going to read, and I would like you to follow along.

"Over the past 25 years, I've worked persistently on issues relating to women, and children, and families." See there's one of our key words persistently.

"Over the past two and a half years, I've had the opportunity to learn more about the challenges facing women in my own country and around the world.

I have met new mothers in Indonesia, who come together regularly in their village to discuss nutrition, family, and baby care.

I have met working parents in Denmark, who talk about the comfort they feel in knowing that their children can be cared for, and safe, and nurtured in afterschool centres.

I've met women in South Africa, who helped lead the struggle to end apartheid and are now helping to build a new democracy." Another of our key words, apartheid.

So just check that we understand what Hillary Clinton has said so far.

What has she worked persistently on over the last 25 years, and where has she visited? You might say something like this that she has worked on issues relating to women, children, and family, and she's worked in many countries around the world.

She names three there, doesn't she? Indonesia, Denmark and South Africa.

Oh, and her own country.

So that's four countries that she refers to.

Let's read on.

"I have met with the leading women of my own hemisphere, who are working every day to promote literacy and better healthcare for children in their countries.

I've met women in India and Bangladesh, who are taking out small loans to buy milk cows, or rickshaw, or thread, in order to create a livelihood for themselves and their families.

And I've met the doctors and nurses in Belarus and Ukraine, who were trying to keep children alive in the aftermath of Chernobyl." If you dunno what Chernobyl is, there's a little bit of information here.

It was a nuclear disaster that occurred at the power plant in Ukraine in 1986.

It's one of the largest nuclear accidents in history, and it's caused ongoing damage to people's health and to the environment.

And Hillary Clinton is saying that she has met the doctors and nurses here, who are still working there and trying to keep children alive and healthy in the aftermath of that terrible disaster.

Let's read on.

Now, "The great challenge of this gathering is to give voice to women everywhere whose experiences go unnoticed, whose words go unheard.

Women comprise more than half the world's population, 70% of the world's poor, and two thirds of those who are not taught to read and write.

We are the primary caretaker for most of the world's children and elderly.

Yet, much of the work we do is not valued by economists, not by historians, not by popular culture, and not by government leaders." Let's have a pause here.

Now, statistics on numerical data.

And I want you to tell me, how does Hillary Clinton use statistics, the numbers in her speech? You've picked them out really well.

Yes, women are half the world's population, 70% of the world's poor, and two thirds of the population who are illiterate.

And she uses the statistics to illustrate the inequality that women face.

Excellent.

Well done.

Let's read on "At this very moment, as we sit here, women around the world are giving birth, raising children, cooking meals, washing clothes, cleaning houses, planting crops, working on assembly lines, running companies, and running countries.

Women are also dying from diseases that should have been prevented or treated.

They're watching their children succumb to malnutrition caused by poverty and economic deprivation.

They're being denied the right to go to school, and they are being barred from bank lending offices, and banned from the ballot box." So that's where we're gonna pause.

One question here.

Why do you think Hillary Clinton ends this paragraph with a reference to the ballot box? That's right.

Good answer.

Excellent.

Because she's a politician, and as a politician it is likely that Clinton thinks that solution to many of the problems she speaks about can be solved by the right to vote and the right to have a say in what happens in your country.

Very well done.

Let's move on.

Now I would like us to have a quick check for understanding.

Which of the following best summarises the main message in Hillary Clinton's speech.

There are four statements here: A, the importance of global travel and meeting people from all around the world, B, the need for improved working opportunities for women, C, the challenges faced by doctors and nurses in Belarus and Ukraine, or D, the importance of women having political power.

You can pause the video while you make your choice.

The answer is D.

So well done, if you said D.

Let's move on.

Now, I would like you to summarise your understanding of Hillary Clinton's message in this speech.

I'm gonna put up some sentence starters, which I'd like you to use.

Here they are.

"Hillary Clinton says that she has worked tirelessly," that's another word for persistently or that's without ceasing, keeping going, "on issues affecting women around the world because.

." "Hillary Clinton praises the contribution women make to society, but.

." And "Hillary Clinton believes women need to be involved in politics, so.

." You can pause the video while you do that.

Off you go.

So welcome back.

Very good focus on that question, and I'm really glad and really impressed with the way that you kept referring back to the speech.

So you might have written something like this.

"Hillary Clinton says she has worked tirelessly on issues affecting women around the world because she cares passionately about women's rights." You might have said that "Hillary Clinton praises the contribution women make to society, but acknowledges that their work is undervalued." Well done, if you used one of the key words, and you might have finished by saying that "Hillary Clinton believes women need to be involved in politics, so their barriers to their involvement need to be removed." Excellent work.

Very well done.

Let's move on.

So now let's return to the lesson outline.

We're making really, really good progress today.

We've read Hillary Clinton's speech, and you've shown that you understand it.

And now we're gonna look at the speech in a little bit more detail, exploring how she uses time and place.

So how does she use time and place? This is what the Oak student said.

Izzy said that "She refers to working for women's rights for over 25 years." And "also refers to work done in the last two years." And Alex says that "She mentions different countries where she has witnessed women either being discriminated against or making a valuable contribution to society." Can you find specific quotations from the text that would support the points that have been made here by Izzy and Alex? You can pause the video while you look for the quotations.

So these are some of the quotations you may have found.

"Over the past 25 years.

." This is for time.

"Over the past two and a half years.

." And well done if you found this one.

"At this very moment.

." And then place, she lists them, doesn't she? Indonesia, Denmark, South Africa, India, Bangladesh, Belarus, and Ukraine.

They are all there.

That's a nice long list of the places that are mentioned in her speech.

And then she says "this gathering," which refers to the UN and she also says "here," which refers to the UN.

So you can see that "at this very moment" and "here" are ways of writing about time and place that are a little bit more subtle than saying the number of years or the name of the country.

Very well done.

Let's move on.

So what is the effect of using references to time and place? Let's start with time.

So there are the quotations.

"Over the past 25 years.

." "Over the past two and a half years.

." And "At this very moment.

." and I'd like us to look at them one at a time.

"So over the past 25 years.

." Well, that's a really good quote for emphasising the many years that Hillary Clinton has been advocating for women's rights.

"Over the past two and a half years.

." Well, she was still working, shows that she was still working on these issues recently.

And that combination of 25 years right up to two and a half years, those two quotations taken together show how hard change can be.

"And at this very moment.

." Well that brings us right up to the present time and makes her experiencing very relatable and adds a sense of urgency to it.

So now, it's over to you.

I would like you to discuss the effect of using references to place.

These are the quotes.

These are the places listed.

And she also says "this gathering" and "here." So have a discussion about what is the effect of using references to place.

If you are on your own, just make a few notes.

You can pause the video while you do that.

Okay, welcome back.

Great discussion.

Now, you might have said things like this, that the countries are in different continents, and this emphasises that the problems facing women are universal.

And she says this gathering and here, which brings us to the present place and it makes the listener feel as if the UN meeting that she's talking at is really important.

In some ways, "this gathering" and "here" serves the same function for place as "at this moment" serves for time.

Really good discussions.

I'm very, very pleased with how you've approached that task.

Let's move on.

Now, let's have a quick check for understanding.

Below, there are four statements, and the question is, which of the following is true of Hillary Clinton's use of time and place references? Is it A, the use of time and place references makes the reader feel part of her speech, B, the use of time and place references shows that she's very knowledgeable about her subject, C, the use of time and place references shows that she's talking about a great many places and time periods, or D, the use of time and place references indicates the scale of the problem and the need to take action today? You can pause the video while you think and make your choice.

Okay, what did you say? Did you say D? Absolutely, that's the right answer.

She wants to indicate the scale of the problem and the need to take action today.

Time and place is used for that purpose.

Let's move on.

So task B.

I'm gonna put up some sentence fragments and I would like you to use them to create a complex sentence about Hillary Clinton's speech.

Here are the sentence fragments.

"emphasising the need to recognise their struggles and work to end them." "Hillary Clinton powerfully illustrates the enduring worldwide challenges faced by women." And "by sharing women's experiences from different countries and across more than two decades." So there's three clauses there.

In order to combine them a complex sentence, you'll need to think about where the commas go, and you're gonna need to use capital letters appropriately and a full stop.

You can pause the video while you do that.

So welcome back.

This is what you should have written.

By sharing experiences from different countries and across more than two decades," comma "Hillary Clinton powerfully illustrates the enduring worldwide challenges faced by women," comma, "emphasising the need to recognise their struggles and work to end them." Very well done.

Excellent focus.

What a great lesson you've had.

And now before we say goodbye, I would like to have a short summary of what you have been learning today.

This is what you've been learning, that Hillary Clinton is an American politician and advocate for women's rights.

The United Nations, often called the UN, is an international organisation aimed at increasing cooperation and peace between nations.

Hillary Clinton's speech is about the struggles facing women around the world, and she uses time and place references to show the scale of the problem and to establish a sense of urgency.

Before we say goodbye, I'd like to thank you for your focus today.

It's been a fantastic for me to teach you.

I really look forward to seeing you again.

Have a great rest of the day, and bye for now.