Hello, and welcome to today's lesson.

My name is Ms. Watson, and I'm delighted that you've decided to join me today.

We're going to be reading Chapter 11 of "Lord of the Flies," and we are going to be exploring it in some detail.

So you will need a copy of "Lord of the Flies," and you need to have the Faber & Faber edition, March 3rd, 1997.

That will really help when you are finding page references.

So when you've got your book, we're ready to start.

So at the end of today's lesson, you will be able to explain and explore the key events of Chapter 11 of "Lord of the Flies." We're gonna start by looking at the key words.

There are five key words.

The first one is boulder, which a very large rock.

And then the second one is unexpected, and unexpected means surprising because you did not think it would happen.

If something is explicit, it is communicated directly in a very clear and exact way.

Contempt.

That is a strong feeling of dislike, but also of having no respect for someone or something.

And if you are naive, you are too willing to believe that life is simple and fair.

And all those words are going to be really useful for you today to unlock today's learning.

So if you would like a little bit of time to familiarise yourself with the key words, please pause the video while you do that and then return to the lesson.

So there are two learning cycles.

We're going to start by reading and understanding Chapter 11.

And then we are going to look in lot of detail, really focusing on Piggy in Chapter 11.

So let's start with understanding Chapter 11.

Now I would like you to have a little discussion about Piggy, about what you've learned about him, and in particular, what happened to him at the end of Chapter 10.

Pause the video while you have that discussion.

If you are working by yourself, pause the video and make some notes about Piggy.

Off you go.

So well done.

Welcome back.

I'm really impressed with your recall.

Now you might have said something like this, that Piggy is physically weak.

He has asthma and myopia, that means he's shortsighted, and he's overweight, and he is also really knowledgeable and well informed.

He doesn't like Jack, and Jack is hostile towards him.

And at the end of Chapter 10, Jack raided the shelter in the night and stole his glasses.

So now that you've done some recall around Piggy, we're ready to move on to Chapter 11.

And I would like you to read the whole of Chapter 11.

Just a reminder of the copy you need.

It needs to be the Faber & Faber, main edition.

3rd of March, 1997, Chapter 11 begins on page 187 and ends on page 202.

And as you read, I want you to consider these three questions.

Who dies in this chapter, and who is responsible? What happens to Sam and Eric? And what happens to Ralph? Pause the video while you read.

I'm really looking forward to hearing what you make of this chapter, but off you go.

So welcome back.

Time to check your answers.

Who dies in this chapter, and who is responsible? It's Piggy who dies, and he is killed by Roger, who pushes a boulder, a great big rock down on him.

Two, what happens to Sam and Eric? They are taken prisoner by Jack's tribe and tied up.

And what happens to Ralph? He fights with Jack, and he's chased away, and he's alone now.

Really good.

If you've got all those answers, well done.

So let's move on.

Now, I would like you to have a discussion, and this is the topic I would like you to discuss.

Roger's murder of Piggy is wholly unexpected, that means it comes as a surprise, and that is what makes it shocking.

And the question is, do you agree with that statement? And in your discussion, I would like you to consider the other killings that have taken place, Piggy's role within the group, what you know about Roger, and also, in your discussion, to use evidence from the text to support your points.

I think you'll find this a really, really interesting discussion.

If you are working by yourself, that's fine, just pause the video and make some notes in response to that statement.

Off you go.

Welcome back.

What a great discussion.

And I really, really would like to praise you for the way that even when you disagreed thoroughly with someone else's opinion, you were still really respectful of their idea and listened.

Very well done.

Now, I would like to share with you what the Oak pupils said in response to that statement.

Sam said that Piggy's death is unexpected, comes as a surprise, and that is what makes it so shocking.

Also, what makes it shocking are the horrible, explicit details.

For example, we are told how far Piggy fell and how his head opened.

And Sam found the death sudden and really upsetting.

And Jacob agreed that it was shocking, but he didn't think that it was unexpected.

And the reason he didn't think it was unexpected was because of the character of Roger.

Roger has already shown signs of cruelty, and Jacob picks up this point where Roger, in an earlier chapter, wanted to throw stones at another boy.

And he also noticed this word delirious, that when Roger pushes the rock down on Piggy, Golding describes him as delirious.

Jacob thinks that Roger enjoys evil.

Who do you most agree with, and did you use evidence from the text? If you would like to just think through those ideas a little bit and go a little bit further in comparing them with yours, please do that now.

You can pause the video and then return to the lesson when you are ready.

We're making really good progress today.

You've already read Chapter 11, and you've had some brilliant discussions on Chapter 11.

You really seem to me to be understanding some of the nuanced, the sophisticated, and really quite subtle ways we can see how Golding has constructed this narrative.

Now what we are going to do is we are going to look at the role of Piggy in Chapter 11.

Now, below are the events of Chapter 11, and I'm going to read them out to you.

One, Piggy demands that Ralph gets his glasses back from Jack.

Two, Ralph despairs over their collective failure to do things properly.

He just can't understand why they can't keep the fire going and get rescued.

And Piggy says he will ask Jack for his glasses, because that is right.

So Ralph, Sam, Eric, and Piggy go to see Jack's tribe at Castle Rock.

When they arrive, Jack is away hunting, and Ralph says to the others that he is calling an assembly.

And then Jack returns, and he orders his tribe to take Sam and Eric prisoner.

Jack and Ralph fight, and Piggy holds up the conch and tells 'em they are behaving badly.

And Roger pushes a boulder down on Piggy, who falls down the cliff and dies.

And then Jack throws his spear at Ralph, who is forced to flee.

So 10 key events from Chapter 11, and Piggy features in many of them.

And this is what I would like you to discuss.

How does Piggy act and speak? And a little bit further than that, I would also like you to think about this.

How has Piggy changed since the start of the novel? You're going to need to pause the video while you have that discussion, or you're going to just need, if you're working by yourself, just pause the video and make some notes.

So off you go.

Have a great discussion.

I'm really, really looking forward to sharing ideas.

Welcome back.

Again, a great discussion.

And I'm sure you could see that Piggy has changed since the beginning of the novel.

And what I thought we could do is we could plot the changes in Piggy along this timeline.

So at the start of the novel, Piggy is marked out as weaker than the others.

Right from the very beginning, he's marked out weaker than the other.

Remember the way he admires Ralph's swimming and says that he's not allowed to swim because of his asthma? Right from the beginning, he's seen as weaker than the others, and sometimes he struggles to make himself heard.

He can't get people to pay attention to him, even though he often has the best ideas and is the best informed of the boys.

He thinks the others are immature, and you may agree with him there, but he certainly has this kind of knowledge and wisdom that they don't have, but they're not interested in listening to him.

And as the novel proceeds, Piggy becomes increasingly scared of Jack, and Jack never hides his contempt for Piggy, he thinks nothing of Piggy.

He has no respect for him.

Ralph understands that Piggy is wise and clever, and he wishes he could think like Piggy, but Jack does not think that at all.

And Piggy is desperate to get off the island.

He doesn't know what is going to happen to them if they stay on this island, but he fears that it will be really, really, really bad.

And then, in Chapter 11, Piggy finds his courage.

He finds a source of courage.

I think because he knows, and believes, and is sure about what's right, there's a real moral strength in Piggy.

He may be physically weak, but he is morally very strong.

And he insists that Ralph and the twins go with him to demand the return of his glasses from Jack.

He says he is going to ask Jack to give them back.

And he carries the conch.

And you might think that he has a naive trust in the power of the conch.

He thinks that it is more powerful than it really is.

I personally find this chapter in which Piggy finds this courage very, very moving.

And now we are going to have a check for understanding.

Which of the following things does Piggy do in Chapter 11? Is it A, he insists on carrying the conch to Castle Rock? B, he tells Jack's tribes they behaving like children.

C, he refuses to talk to Jack until he is given his glasses back.

D, he says Ralph is not a strong enough chief.

Have a think.

Make your choice.

Are you ready for me to reveal the answers? They are A and B.

He insists on carrying the conch, and he really tells Jack's tribe off.

He sounds like the grownup telling the children off.

He respects Ralph, but he's, I think, a little disappointed that Ralph has not been able to manage Jack's behaviour and keep the group together.

Let's move on.

Now what I would like you to do is to bring together all your understanding of Piggy and your responses to Piggy and discuss what you can infer from Golding's depiction of Piggy.

That's the way he's shown.

That's what depiction means, like a picture has been drawn of him in this chapter.

I would like you to consider Piggy's strengths and weaknesses, the fact that Piggy carries the conch, and how the other characters respond to Piggy.

And I would like you to think of as many ideas as you can.

And I would like you to frame your ideas using this sentence structure to explain your ideas.

In Chapter 11, Piggy is shown to be.

How is he shown to be? How is he depicted? You'll be looking for an adjective to go there.

So maybe Golding is saying.

Here's an example.

For example, in Chapter 11, Piggy is shown to be courageous, that's your adjective, when he stands up to Jack, so maybe Golding is saying that true bravery is facing your fears.

'Cause Piggy, remember, is scared of Jack, but he faces him anyway.

So what you are linking here, what you know about Piggy, how Golding depicts Piggy to Golding's message in the novel.

So pause the video while you have that discussion, or pause the video and make your notes.

Off you go.

Welcome back, and well done.

Two things really impressed me about that discussion you had.

One was the range of ideas, huge variety in what you had to say.

And the other was the really respectful way you listened to each other's ideas.

Fantastic work.

I'd like to share some ideas with you now, some possible ideas of what you might have said.

In Chapter 11, Piggy is shown to be, that's how all your, that was the sentence structure I asked you to use.

Shown to be determined by carrying the conch, so maybe Golding is saying that in times of crisis, it is essential to hold onto things that unite people.

The conch means a lot to Piggy.

He values it highly for its ability to unite people.

And in Chapter 11, Piggy is shown to be moral when he appeals to the boys' sense of right and wrong, so maybe Golding is saying we should never lose our principles.

And in Chapter 11, Piggy is shown to be physically vulnerable when he is attacked, so maybe Golding is saying that brute strength will always defeat words and morality.

That's a really bleak message, but I think it is very credible that that is what Golding is saying.

And in Chapter 11, Piggy is shown to be naive, too willing to believe in goodness, naive in his belief in the conch's protection, so maybe Golding is saying that faith in civilization alone cannot protect one from savagery.

Some really great ideas there.

If you'd like to add them to yours, use this time to do that, pause the video, and then return when you are ready for the end of the lesson.

Now, before we say goodbye, I would like to summarise what you have been learning today.

You have been learning that Piggy insists that Ralph and the twins go with him to Castle Rock and demand the return of his glasses.

We see a strong Piggy in this chapter.

You've also learned that Piggy carries the conch as a reminder of the ordered society they once hoped to create.

And Piggy bravely challenges the morality of Jack's tribe.

And Roger pushes a boulder onto Piggy, who falls to his death.

And then Ralph is chased out of the camp by the boys with spears.

Thank you again for coming to the lesson.

I've really enjoyed teaching Chapter 11 to you.

I wish you a really, really good rest of the day, and I look forward to seeing you in another lesson on "Lord of the Flies." Bye for now.