Hello, and welcome to today's lesson.

My name is Ms. Watson and I'm delighted that you've decided to join me today to learn more about "Lord of the Flies." We're going to be reading chapter five and I think you're gonna find this chapter really fascinating because we are going to be looking at fear about what makes us frightened and why the boys are so frightened.

So let's get started.

So the outcome of today's lesson is that you will be able to explain and you will have explored the key events in chapter five of "Lord of the Flies." Let's start with the key words, they are acrimonious.

If you are acrimonious, you are angry and bitter.

Authority, if you have authority, you have the power or right to give orders and make decisions and enforce obedience from other people.

Something that is rational is logical and informed by known facts and something that is irrational is the opposite.

It is not supported or evidenced by known facts, and those two words, rational and irrational, are going to be really important when we talk about fears.

If you would like a little bit of time to familiarise yourself with the key words, you can pause the video while you do that and then join the lesson when you are ready.

So let's look at an outline of today's lesson.

We are going to start by reading and understanding what happens in chapter five and then we are going to look at the boys' fears and understand them in detail, so let's go.

Now before we start reading chapter five, I'd like us to have a recap of what happened in the last chapter.

Now in chapter four, we saw how the boys are struggling and largely failing to build a functioning society, and there is increasingly open tension between Ralph who has been elected chief and Jack who has assumed the hunter role.

Now Jack's choir were meant to keep the signal fire going, but Jack took them with him to hunt for pigs.

The hunt was successful, there was a feast of meat, but a ship passed by the island and there was no signal fire, and Ralph and Piggy are angry, really angry about missing an opportunity to be rescued and Ralph has called an emergency meeting.

So that happened in chapter four.

What do you predict might happen next? Have a think.

Now I'd like to share with you what the Oak pupils predicted.

Izzy said, "There will be a huge row" and she thinks that the tension between Ralph and Jack is so strong that they will never resolve their difficulties, and Sophia's more optimistic.

She said, "Maybe the meeting will clear the air" and things have to change, she acknowledges that things have to change, things can't go on as they are, and she hopes that they will change for the better.

What is clear is that they both see that chapter five is a significant chapter.

There is a lot of anger, tension, and change, so let's look at chapter five.

So over to you now.

I'd like you to read chapter five.

You'll need a copy of the book obviously, but it's important that you ensure you're using the Fabre & Fabre edition, the Main edition, 3rd of March, 1997.

You need to read the whole of the chapter.

It starts on page 81 and ends on page 102.

And as you read, I'd like you to consider the following questions.

Which boys are lining up behind Ralph and which behind Jack? And why do you think they choose one leader over the other? Off you go.

We're going to have a check for understanding.

Here are nine statements, all about the events of chapter five.

Each of the statements has at least one blank and in that blank belongs a character's name.

You're going to need to pause the video while you have a think about this, so off you go and decide who does what in this chapter.

So welcome back, are you ready for me to reveal the answers, let's go.

So it is Ralph who reflects on the challenges of leadership.

He is finding it increasingly difficult to keep this group of very different people together and he wishes he could think as clearly as Piggy.

He is becoming very aware of how intelligent and thoughtful Piggy is.

Now in the meeting, Ralph again, he stresses the importance of the signal fire.

Number four, Percival, one of the little boys, he tries to talk about the beastie, but he bursts into tears and that makes the, yes, the littluns, all the small children, start crying with fear.

It is Simon who reveals that sometimes he goes into the jungle alone and it is Piggy who insists that there is no beast and he doesn't believe in ghosts.

Jack takes the boys away to hunt for the beast.

They don't all go with him though.

Maurice goes with Jack and Piggy and Simon stay with Ralph.

So well done if you've got all those right, let's move on.

Now it's your opportunity to show your understanding of chapter five in a little bit more detail.

Now this chapter becomes increasingly acrimonious, bitter, angry, and that leads to the split between the boys towards the end of that chapter.

And I want you to use some sentence starters that I'm going to give you in a minute to discuss how the acrimonious split is caused, developed, and not resolved.

So you would say the acrimony between Jack and Ralph flares up in this chapter because, and Simon and Piggy both try to explain their ideas but, and the littluns' fear of the beast is very strong so.

So pause the video while you have that discussion.

If you're working alone, just pause the video and make some notes, off you go.

Welcome back, what a great discussion you had there.

I'd like to share with you some of the things that you might have said.

These are just ideas that I think you might have said that I would like you to use to compare with your ideas.

You might have said something like this, that the acrimony between Jack and Ralph flares up in this chapter because Jack is openly challenging Ralph's authority.

Jack has had enough of meetings and he is feeling excited and proud about having killed the pig.

Ralph can feel his authority slipping away and he won't blow the conch for a second time in case the boys ignore the sound and don't return.

And you might have said that Simon and Piggy both try to explain their ideas, but nobody will listen to them, and Simon is laughed at and he falls silent and when Piggy tries to talk, he is shouted down.

And the littluns fear of the beast is very strong, so it affects the entire group and once the fear is spoken out loud, the group's mood changes.

So you can see that there is a number of different ways in which the children on this island, the boys on this island, are starting to kind of move away from each other.

Very well done, let's move on.

We're making great progress today.

I think we thoroughly understand chapter five and now we're going to dive in a bit deeper and explain the boys' fears or the fears that are emerging in chapter five.

So now fear's a really unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger, pain, or harm and there are many different fears being expressed in chapter five, what are they? Approach this task by focusing on the characters and thinking about what they are frightened of.

For example, the fear that they will not be rescued.

You can pause the video while you have that discussion or if you're working on your own, just pause the video and make a few notes.

Welcome back, I hope you enjoyed that discussion.

Now I think you might have made a list that looks a bit like this, that their fears include that they won't be rescued, fear of the beast, fear of ghosts, fear of each other, fear of the loss of order, fear of loss of authority and control, and a fear of the loss of status.

And more discussion because they don't all fear the same thing.

The boys have different fears and some have more fears than others.

So I want you to discuss using that list who among the boys fears what or whom? Pause the video while you have that discussion, off you go.

Welcome back, hope you enjoy the discussion.

Let's have a look at the boys and their different fears.

So it's Ralph, Piggy, and the littluns who are really scared that they won't be rescued and the littluns are frightened of the beast.

And everybody except Piggy and Ralph seems to be scared of ghosts and Piggy is afraid of Jack, and Piggy, Ralph, and Simon are scared of the loss of order.

They're very aware that things are not right on the island.

Ralph is scared of losing his authority and his control over the group, and Jack is very conscious of his status, about how he is seen, and he's worried about losing that.

Now the next thing I want you to think about, which of these characters are the most and the least fearful? Now before we look at the boys' fears in more detail, I would like to just recap two of our key words.

If something is rational, it is logical and informed by known facts.

If something is irrational, it is not supported by known facts, and I would like you to think about which of the boys' fears are rational and which are irrational, have a think.

So let's look at these fears.

It is a rational fear that they won't be rescued.

They've got to keep the fire going and they're struggling to do that, that is a fact.

And if ship doesn't come, there is no one to see the fire so it is reasonable and informed by facts to be frightened that they won't be rescued.

Whereas the beast and the ghost, they are irrational fears.

They're these fears of the unknown.

Each other, it is very rational and reasonable for Piggy to be afraid of Jack.

Loss of order, Piggy, Ralph, and Simon.

It is rational, logical for them to fear the loss of order because it is already happening in front of them.

It is also rational for Jack to fear his loss of authority because he is losing authority and it is rational for Jack to fear the loss of status.

Status is a real thing that can be measured and Jack knows when he has status and when he hasn't.

Let's have a check for understanding.

Which of the following is an irrational statement? Is it A, nearly all the boys believe in ghosts, B, Piggy is frightened of Jack, C, the boys are frightened of being punished.

Have a think, make your choice.

Did you say C? That's right, it is actually a fact that nearly all the boys believe in ghosts and it is a fact that Piggy is frightened of Jack.

And see, the boys are frightened, but not of being punished.

There's no facts around, there's no evidence that they are being punished.

Well done, let's move on.

Now I'd like you to have a discussion about which fears are worse, is it the irrational or the rational ones? And when you've done that, when you've had the discussion, I'd like you to explain your reasons why.

Here is a reminder of the list with R and I being which are rational and which are irrational.

And as you have the discussion, think about the number of rational and irrational fears and also think about the number of boys who expressed the same fear or fears.

Pause the video while you have your discussion or pause the video and make notes If you're working by yourself, and off you go.

Welcome back, this is what the Oak pupils said.

Izzy thought that the rational fears were the more frightening because they're real.

For example, Piggy is right to be afraid of Jack because Jack's hostility is evident, whereas Alex thought that fear of the unknown is scarier and he thinks that's why the majority of the boys have irrational fears as such as ghosts and imaginary beasts, and Jack uses that fear to seize power which is a really insightful comment from Alex.

Compare your ideas with theirs.

You can pause the video while you do that and then you can join me for the end of the lesson.

So before we say goodbye, let's have a summary of what you have been learning today.

You have been learning how chapter five shows the boys becoming increasingly angry and divided.

You've been learning that Ralph attempts to assert his authority, but Jack openly defies him and you've been learning about fear and how the boys many fears are openly expressed, and you've been learning that irrational fears are held by the majority of the boys, and Jack uses the boys' fears to take them away from the main group and that is a way of asserting his authority.

So I'd just like to say thank you for coming to the lesson today.

Thank you for your hard work and your thoughtful discussions.

I wish you a brilliant rest of the day and I look forward to seeing you again in another lesson on "Lord of the Flies," bye for now.