Hello, and welcome to today's lesson.

My name is Ms. Watson, and I'm delighted that you've decided to join me today.

We are going to be reading Chapter 9 of Lord of the Flies, and I'm so excited to be sharing that chapter with you.

It's very dramatic, very disturbing, but also very, very, very interesting.

You're going to need your own copy of Lord of the Flies.

And please can you make sure that you have the Faber and Faber Main Edition, 3rd of March, 1997.

That will make it so much easier for when we are looking at specific pages.

So when you are ready, let's go.

So the outcome of today's lesson is that you'll be able to explain and explore the key events of Chapter 9 of Lord of the Flies.

Let's start by looking at the key words that you are going to find really useful in today's lesson.

There are five key words, and the first one is hallucinatory.

And that is a word relating to experiences in which you see, hear, feel, or smell something that does not exist.

And the important thing of course, is that it may not exist, but you genuinely think that it is there.

Something that is collective is shared by every single member of a group.

And pathetic fallacy, that's a literary technique.

This is the projection of human emotions onto non human objects found in nature.

And Golding uses pathetic fallacy really effectively in this chapter.

Tension, that's the feeling of anxiety or nervousness before a significant event.

And I'm sure, unfortunately, we've all felt tension at some point.

But in novels, what we are referring to is that feeling that something bad is going to happen.

And Golding again, is very effective at creating tension in Chapter 9.

And finally, connotations, a really useful word for understanding texts.

It's is that feeling or idea that is suggested by a word, just hinted at by a word, in addition to its basic meaning.

Now, if you would like to familiarise yourself and take a little bit more time with these key words, that's fine.

Just pause the video while you do that, and then return to the lesson when you're ready.

So there are two learning cycles in today's lesson.

We're going to start by reading and understanding Chapter 9.

And then we are going to look at the use of pathetic fallacy in Chapter 9.

But before we start reading the new chapter, I'd like us to remind ourselves what happens at the end of Chapter 8.

Now, that is where Simon has a hallucinatory encounter with the beast.

The beast in that chapter is the head of a pig on a stick.

And the boys in Jack's hunting group have given this head of a pig to the beast as a kind of sacrificial offering.

And Simon is hallucinating and he thinks that he is having a conversation with the beast and that the beast is telling him things.

And the beast has revealed that he, the beast, is in charge and there's nothing that Simon can do to halt the evil that is in all human beings.

And at the end of Chapter 8, Simon falls into a faint.

Now, I would like you to read Chapter 9.

You need your copy and it needs to be the Faber and Faber, Main edition, 3rd of March, 1997.

And you're going to read all of Chapter 9.

And as you read, I would like you to focus on the character of Simon.

What does he discover? What does he do and what happens to him? So pause the video while you read the chapter, and I'm looking forward to hearing your responses to it.

Off you go.

So welcome back.

Before we look at the chapter in more detail, I would like us to have a check for understanding.

So, you can see there are four questions, each with three multiple choice possibilities.

So, number one is what does Simon discover at the beginning of Chapter 9? Is it A, the beast is real and dangerous? B, the beast is A dead parachutist.

C, the boys have built more shelters.

And question two, what does Simon do after his discovery? Is it A, he runs to tell the boys the truth about the beast? B, he goes to talk to the beast, or C, he cries thinking of his home.

And question three, what happens to Simon? Is it A, he gets lost in the jungle, B, he faints and doesn't recover.

C, the boys think he's the beast and kill him.

And Piggy and Ralph, what do Ralph and Piggy do in this chapter? Is it A, they run away, B, they join in the violence, or C, they try to protect Simon? So have a think and make your choices.

Are you ready for me to reveal the answers? They are, the beast is a dead parachutist.

He's the parachutist that came down in a previous chapter, shot down from the military plane.

And as soon as Simon discovers this, he runs to tell the boys the truth about the beast.

And you really get the impression that Simon thinks the boys are gonna be delighted to know that the beast that they've been fearing so much is not real.

And the boys think he's the beast and they kill him.

And they're caught up in this frenzied dance as they reenact the hunt and they mistake him for the beast.

And Ralph and Piggy, they join in the violence.

They've never done that before, but they do in this chapter.

So if you've got all those right, very well done.

Let's move on.

Now, in my opinion, this is one of the most shocking chapters in the novel.

And I think it's because all of the boys, even the normally rational Piggy, have taken part, have participated in violence and savagery, and the result is the death of Simon.

I'd like you to discuss this question.

What does the terrible killing of Simon tell us about the moral state of the boys on the island? And as you discuss this question, I would like you to use the following sentence starters.

The boys attacked Simon because.

Ralph and Piggy initially stayed outta the attack, but.

This is the second death in the book, so.

Now the second death, sorry, the first death was the death of the boy, the young boy, one of the little boys, who has a mulberry mark on his face and he gets killed when the fire gets out of control earlier in the novel.

This is the second death that the boys have caused through their recklessness.

Now, if you are on your own, you can still take part in this task.

All you need to do is pause the video and make some notes.

If you are working in a class or in a pair or in a group, pause the video now and have that discussion.

Off you go.

So welcome back.

I hope you really enjoyed that discussion, and I'm just going to share with you some ideas that may be similar to what you've said, they may be a bit different, but I definitely think you will find them interesting to compare your ideas with these.

So, you might have said that the boys attack Simon because they were caught up in a frenzied dance and mistook him for the beast.

And even when he calls out about the dead man on the island, they do not recognise the real Simon.

It's as if they cannot see him and they cannot hear him.

And Ralph and Piggy initially stayed out of the attack, but they then join in, they become part of the violence of the group, partly because they too are affected by this kind of collective blood lust, but also because in the moment, the group seems to offer a sense of belonging and security, and you might have said that this is the second death in the book, so it is clear to the reader that the boys are becoming increasingly immoral and violent.

At this point, they seem so far gone into savagery that we might predict that even worse will happen.

Really well done, really good thinking, really good discussion, and really good understanding.

Let's move on.

We've made great progress today.

We've read Chapter 9, we've understood the key elements of Chapter 9, and now we are going to look at how Golding uses pathetic fallacy in Chapter 9.

Let's recap what pathetic fallacy is.

It is the projection of human emotions onto non-human objects found in nature.

And I would like you to return to Chapter 9 and find examples of pathetic fallacy.

And I've given you here, some hints to help you.

So you're gonna start on page 160, in the very first sentence, and you are looking for the noun that describes the clouds.

And on page 160, also in the first paragraph, you are looking for the verb that tells you what the air is about to do.

And then you're gonna move on to page 168, the fourth paragraph.

And you're looking for the metaphor that is used to describe the lightning.

And also on page 168, in the fourth paragraph, you're going to be looking for the simile used to describe the noise.

On page 169, in the fourth paragraph, look for the verbs that are used to describe the rain and the clouds.

You're going to need to pause the video while you do that.

So pause the video now and off you go.

Well done and welcome back.

So you might have found these examples of pathetic fallacy.

Page 160, the first sentence, the noun that describes the clouds is build-up.

And on page 160, in the first paragraph, the verb that tells you what the air is about to do is explode.

And on page 168, fourth paragraph, the metaphor used to describe the lightning is scar.

And on the same page, same paragraph, the simile used to describe the noise that the thunder makes is whip.

And then on page 169, in the fourth paragraph, the two verbs that are used to describe the rain and the clouds are ceased, which means stopped, and drifted.

Very well done if you've got all those right.

Let's move on.

We're going to talk about the connotations of those quotations.

They're here and the first one has been done for you, that build-up suggests a rising tension that will have to be released.

Whenever I hear the word build-up, I always think of a balloon that is blowing up and up and up, getting bigger and bigger and bigger.

And at some point you know that it is going to burst.

So I would like you to do the same kind of thinking.

What ideas and feelings, and maybe images, come to mind when you see the words explode, scar, whip, ceased and drifted? Have a discussion on that.

Pause the video while you do, and again, if you're working by yourself, just pause the video and make some notes.

So, well done, and welcome back.

Here are some things that you might have said.

There's the first one that was done for you, and you might have said that the word explode sounds violent and makes the reader think of bombs.

And that is a really interesting connotation because the context for this novel is World War II.

And you might have pointed out that scar is an injury, evidence of physical harm, and the boys are coming to physical harm and also emotional harm on the island.

And whip is a violent, punishing weapon and there is a lot of violence in this chapter.

And ceased and drifted.

This is towards the end of the section where Simon is killed and it sounds more resolved and calm and moving away.

Very well done for finding those examples of connotations and really thinking them through and discussing them.

Let's move on.

We're going to have a check for understanding.

I would like you to match the quotation on the left, drifted, scar, whip, explode and buildup, five quotations, and they each have their most likely connotation on the right, permanent injury, bombs, moving away, attack and growing.

So have a think and link them up.

So are you ready for me to reveal the answers? Okay, let's go.

They are drifted.

That means moving away in a particular, gentle kind of way.

Scar, the permanent injury.

Whip, attack, well done.

Explode, bombs, exactly, which means buildup means growing.

So well done if you've got those right.

Let's move on.

I would like you to have another discussion.

And this is the question, how does Golding use pathetic fallacy to create, build and reduce tension in Chapter 9, you can see there are three stages to the tension.

The starting of it, the escalation of it, and finally the ending of it.

And as you discuss this, please use quotations and explore their connotations and comment on the changing and different moods created by Golding's use of pathetic fallacy.

Again, if you're working by yourself, just pause the video and make some notes.

And if you are working with others, pause the video and have that discussion.

Off you go.

Well done and welcome back.

I hope you enjoyed that discussion.

I'd like to share with you what the Oak pupils said in response to that question.

Sam said that the weather represents the boys' feelings.

For example, the whip of the noise, the noise of the thunder, reflects the boys' attacks on Simon.

And she summarised the overall effect of the pathetic fallacy, just by saying that it made the whole environment seem really violent.

And Jacob said that Golding talks about how the bad weather ceased and drifted.

And he makes this really interesting point that tension may have been reduced, but he asks, can the boys really just brush away what they have done? We have to recognise how seriously they have offended, the crime they have committed, the awfulness of what they have done.

Can it really drift away that easily? Really, really good points.

Compare your ideas with theirs.

If there are any ideas that you would like to borrow and add into yours, please do that now.

If there are any ideas you would like to challenge, now's the time to do that too.

Pause the video while you compare your ideas with theirs, and then return for the end of the lesson.

Before we say goodbye, I would like to summarise what you have been learning today.

You learned that Simon, he wakes up after fainting, sees the parachutist, and realises the boys have mistaken the dead body of the parachutist for the beast.

And Simon goes to Jack's feast to tell the boys that the beast is not real.

And Jack's feast becomes a frenzy as the boys perform a hunting dance, and even Ralph and Piggy join in.

The boys mistake, Simon for the beast and savagely kill him with their hands and teeth.

And throughout this chapter, Golding uses pathetic fallacy to describe how the tension builds, explodes and reduces.

I'd just like to say a very big thank you to you for coming to the lesson today, for your hard work and focus.

I wish you a brilliant rest of the day, and I look forward to seeing you in another lesson on Lord of the Flies.

So, bye for now.