Hi everyone, I'm Mr. Chandrapala and I'm really looking forward to working with you today on how we write written responses for ""Lord of the Flies"." Written responses are a way of showing our full breadth of knowledge, bearing in mind everything that we have learned about the text.

You are all incredibly knowledgeable at this point about "Lord of the Flies." It's about bringing all of that knowledge together to be able to explore the deeper meanings of Golding's work.

Let's dive in.

So we're gonna focus today on developing a single paragraph outlined to plan a response.

As ever, we'll start with our keyword.

So we're going to start with the adjective cohesive when all the ideas are united and work together to support one larger argument.

We're also gonna be discussing the adjective innate, which means for something to be instinctive and natural.

And finally, the adjective primal, which means describing an early stage in human development.

So we're gonna start off today's lesson on planning a written response to "Lord of the Flies" by gathering our ideas.

We're going to start off by discussing what a cohesive essay looks like.

Pause the video and turn to the person next to you and discuss, what do we expect to find in a cohesive essay? If you're working alone, you may just wanna jot down some ideas for what we would include.

Once you've done that, hit play.

Some lovely ideas there everyone, let's have a discussion around that.

So a cohesive essay is one where all the ideas and opinions expressed work together to feed into one bigger idea or arguments.

So below I'm gonna show you four ideas and I need you to tell me which one stands out as not being cohesive, which one doesn't fit in with the rest.

I then need you to explain why that idea is not cohesive.

So we've got the first one, which is, Jack represents the inner savagery and brutality that Golding believed all humans possess.

That Jack's manner with his choir chapter one is indicative of his dictatorial character and leadership style.

The fact that Jack's red hair represents danger and foreshadows the threat he poses to Ralph's democracy.

And finally that Golding believed that human beings were innately good.

Of these four, which one do you think is incohesive, non-cohesive, doesn't work with the rest.

Pause the video, have that discussion and explain why it doesn't work.

Once you've done that, hit play.

Well done everyone.

So you may have noticed that three of these ideas are linked to Jack and the fourth one is a sort of wider idea about human beings being innately good.

Arguably that last one, I'd say wouldn't not necessarily fit in, but the other three, because the other three are very clearly focused on Jack and whilst we do want to have an inclusion of all Golding's wider message, I'm not entirely sure that that fourth statement really fits the bill.

So, idea number four contradicts the other ideas.

So, let's just recap before we move too much further, because we're going to need to be really confident about what we can say about Goldings's view of human nature.

What does the phrase human nature actually mean? Pauses the video, have that discussion with the person next to you.

And once you've done that, hit play.

Okay, so hopefully we've been able to recap what human nature means.

Human nature is used to refer to behaviour that we consider natural, instinctive and innate in human beings.

The question for today will be planning a cohesive response to the question, how does golden present human nature in "Lord of the Flies"? What are the most important words then, what are we being asked to do? Pause the video again.

I'd suggest maybe writing the question out for yourself into your notes and begin annotating it.

What do you think are the most important words within that question? What are you being asked to do? Once you've done that, hit play.

Really good work there, some lovely annotation.

I'm gonna take some feedback on that very shortly and as we're doing so, you're going to want to do it in a different colour pen so you can add to your notes.

So if we're having a look at that question, how does Golding present human nature in "Lord of the Flies"? We're gonna start off by looking at the word how.

If we're talking about the word how, well we know that that means that the writer and we're focusing on the writer and the methods they're using, we're analysing Golding's use of methods, which can include language structure, or even the characters.

We also know that we need to be really confident with that term, human nature, which we defined a little bit earlier.

We're looking for evidence on how the theme is being presented.

Human nature is the big idea, deriving the rest of the work.

So just very quick, true or false, a check for understanding here.

My focus for this question needs to be on methods, so I can't really talk about the characters.

If you think that's true, you may want to be able to explain why, but just take five seconds, pause the video, and select whether you think that's true or false.

And well done to all of those of us who said false, it is false.

We can do a little bit more than just focusing on methods, but let's talk about why.

Is it because you can still talk about the characters though you should try to focus on the colours the characters that are associated with, which is the method in the character, that's option A.

Or is it option B? Characters themselves are methods.

Characterization is the way in which the writer craft the character.

And so all the decisions they make about what the character looks like, does and says are all part of the methods.

Pause the video again, select which one you think is correct and when you're ready, hit play.

Well done everyone, it's absolutely option B.

Characterization is a method and I would want you to be really confident talking about what each of these characters represent so that we can discuss that in full detail within the response.

Characters are used to convey wider ideas within the text and if we can be really confident with that, it's really gonna put us in good stead for the rest of the essays.

So, as we're gathering the ideas, we need to begin understanding what kinds of behaviour Golding suggests are innate, inherent and instinctive within human beings.

Pause the video here and think about what we've seen in the text.

What do you think he's trying to suggest is innate, is natural to us, is an instinctive within the children, within the boys? And then, see if you can find any evidence for that.

Once you've done that, hit play.

Some really good checking back through the text and a really incredible range of ideas that I'm so pleased with the way that you are thinking about that.

And two ideas from Andeep and Jacob.

Andeep says, "Well I think that Golding suggests that the true human nature is savage and evil and that these impulses can therefore not be controlled." Whilst Jacob says, "I think Golding suggests that all human beings have the capacity for evil within their natures and that takes the right circumstances for the evil or brutality to emerge." Pause the video now and see if you can add anything to your own notes, just magpie-ing stealing, borrowing from what Andeep and Jacob have said.

If there's anything you really like, of course.

Otherwise hit play.

Really good work everyone.

These guys are absolutely there to help us.

So make sure that whenever they come up on screen over the course of this lesson, we're really paying attention and stealing anything that we can.

Their ideas are gonna really develop our own as well.

We then need to consider which characters are going to be helpful to explore Golding's message about human nature.

Again, I want you to pause the video and consider which characters are the most significant for considering human nature.

When you're ready, hit play.

Some excellent ideas there, everyone.

And I'm really glad that we're thinking about the major characters within the text.

The little ones, whilst interesting, maybe are gonna be more minor in terms of our approach.

We're not going to be as focused on them and I'm gonna say we're gonna be thinking more about the named characters.

Andeep says, "Well I'm gonna look at Jack and Roger as characters to support my opinion because both of these characters demonstrate evil or inhumane traits from the very beginning, suggesting that evil truly is innate." Whilst Jacob says, "Well I'm gonna look at Ralph and Piggy because I think they're proof that everybody has evil and savagery within them and that it just takes the right circumstances for the savage to emerge." Both of these are totally compelling answers, and I'd be happy for you to have a look at either.

It's just about making sure that we're linking cohesive ideas together.

So I wouldn't necessarily want to mix Jack and Ralph together because actually I think that they're gonna have a look at two very different styles of leadership.

They are linked together in leadership, but the characters more about human nature and so I'm more likely to want to look at two characters that are more similar in that regard.

So we're just gonna practise putting all of our ideas together.

I want you to discuss which of the following words or phrases might you use in the response to the question, how does Golding present human nature in "Lord of the Flies" and how might we use them? So I've got the terms in innate, inherent brutality, brutality, allegory, nature versus nurture, the Garden of Eden, illusion, democracy, civilization, symbolism, a rich wealth of words that you can use.

You need to be able to justify why you would use any of these.

So for example, you may want to say, "I might use the word democracy to refer to Ralph's fair and measured leadership style." If you are doing this alone, you may want to just write down the word and say, well, how you're going to use it? Or if you're talking in pairs or as a wider group, you may want to pick a particular one or two words and explain how you would use it.

Pause the video now.

Complete that practise task and when you're ready, hit play.

I'm so impressed by how considerate you've all been in terms of thinking about what you are going to use as part of your responses.

This kind of work really helps us to think about the major methods of the text and actually the big themes, the big ideas that Golding is trying to communicate, which means that we're gonna be much more confident when we write, in writing a cohesive and really impressive analytical paragraph for our essay.

Some of our Oak pupils shared their ideas with us.

Andeep said, "Well I'm gonna use the word inherit to explain the idea that Ralph and Peggy learned to be evil from their environment around them.

I don't think they're born evil, I think they learn it." I think that's a really nice idea and I think that that's an excellent use of the word inherit.

If you do want to use that, you may want to jo that down.

Alternatively, you could put, have a look at what Jacob said, he says, "I'm gonna talk about the Garden of Eden illusions that Golding makes and how this could show that Golding might have been intended to explore the idea of an innate evil and the consequent transgressions that the evil inspires in human beings." Again, that's a really fantastic answer and I'm really pleased with the fact that not only is he talking about this wider method, but he's also making sure to link back to the key words of the text.

If there's anything you would like to take, pause the video now, make sure that you've got that new in a different colour pen and then we'll move on.

Excellent work and I'm really impressed with the way that you are adding to your own work and developing your ideas.

It's really gonna put you in a good place for when we get to writing later.

So, one of the things that we do need to do though is we need to just check, which of the students has misunderstood one of the words that you've used.

Not everything here is correct.

How can we correct them? Pause the video now and see which one you would correct.

Once you've identified it, hit play.

So, we may wanna think about the word inherent because inherent, isn't quite this idea, is that idea that actually we are born with something, we are, it is innate within us and this idea that actually Ralph and Peggy learned to be evil in Andeep's work isn't quite clear.

So we may just wanna double check that for him before we go too much further.

So, Andeep has misunderstood that word inherent because it's meant to be instinctive and not something to be learned.

So whilst he could eventually make that argument, it'd be a rather circuitous argument to be making.

So we could correct Andeep statement to say, "I'm going to use the word nurture to explain the idea that Ralph and Peggy learned to be evil from the environment around them.

I don't think they're born evil, I think they learn it." We're now gonna focus on using paragraph outlines.

So, as part of using paragraph outlines, we need to understand that generally critical writing follows a structure like this.

You may wanna write this down if you're unfamiliar with this.

So we always start with an introduction which involves a thesis statement in which you outline your big idea, about the question.

This is what you're trying to prove over the course of your argument.

So for example, that may look like Golding uses "Lord of the Flies" as an allegory about man's innate evil and the true nature of humanity.

You'll then have your first argument, or the first section, which is reasonable for your opinion, which you'll start with something like, innate evil is explored through Jack.

You may wanna say Golding explores innate evil through Jack, but this will be your starting point.

You'll then have section two, your second argument, where you give your second reason for your opinion.

Golding uses Ralph and Piggy to to represent how they succumb to savagery, but this is also momentary.

And then you'll have section three, your third argument, and your third reason for your opinion.

Golding presents how Simon acts as a foil to Jack, showing the innate goodness in humanity.

You then to finish off with a conclusion which returns to the thesis, your big idea to restate your opinion.

Golding perhaps suggests that man has an innate evil inside that emerges when rules and laws are removed.

So as you can see, we have an introduction, three arguments and a conclusion.

We're gonna be asking you to use a single paragraph outline to support the planning of each section of your work.

Each single paragraph outline should take no more than five minutes to complete.

when I do this with my class, 'cause I make sure that they plan every single essay before they write, I ask them to do this with planned topic sentences.

So a planned point and then making sure that they actually have like bullet point, really short detail, which may be key quotes from the text or a reference to text.

And then making sure that they can say just a little bit of analysis about it.

If they're able to do that, it means that they're really confident in what they're actually going to be arguing over the course of the essay.

So that looks a little bit like this.

So we have this single paragraph outline where we've got that topic sentence, which you may call your point.

And then you've got your supporting details, which are really your quotes, your key pieces of evidence.

And then you'll concluding sentence, which is almost wrapping up, bringing back to that topic sentence, trying to restate why Golding has done this.

So your topic sentence introduces the main idea in your paragraph, talking about what you'll be proving.

Your supporting details are the information and ideas you'll use to prove your opinion, which includes quotes and relevant context and your concluding sentence concludes the main idea of your paragraph and links back to the writer's intention.

Now this is just a quick check for understanding.

Which section of your essay should revisit your main idea from the paragraph and link to the writer's intentions? Is it A, the topic sentence, B, the concluding sentence or C, supporting details? Pause the video and select A, B or C.

And when you're ready, hit play.

Well done everyone, it is B.

The concluding sentence links back to the very first idea of the paragraph and it links back to the writer's intention.

We want to be doing that so that we're constantly talking about the writer's intention and why the writer has written the text in the way that he has.

So I've got an incomplete single paragraph outline here.

I've said, topic sentence is in "Lord of the Flies" Golding uses Simon as a foil to Jack to illustrate that alongside the existence of innate evil, man also has an innate goodness.

I know that I need to include my supporting details.

But I also need to make sure that I've got my concluding sentence.

Here I've said, thus Golding presents us with the complex depiction of human beings.

One that suggests that human nature is both good and evil but that's specific circumstances dictate or influence which aspect of humanity we choose to portray.

Here I'm linking back to Golding's overall message and I'm thinking about the wider purpose of the text.

What I would like you to do though is I'd like you to help me out with my supporting details.

What quotations or moments might you select from the novel to support this topic sentence? What might you select from that quotation to discuss as Golding's method? What might you say? Pause the video and use your copy of the text, use your notes, use your conversations with your partners, to develop your ideas for the supporting details.

It'd be great if you can have two or three pieces of evidence and maybe think about the context, but definitely we need at least one piece of evidence to support us.

But really we want to try and have multiple within an argument so that we can really build a strong evidence base and show patterns across the text.

Pause the video now, have a go at doing that and when you're ready, hit play.

Some excellent work there everyone.

So pleased with the really thoughtful comments that you were making about the text and the range of ideas that you are covering.

So several of you were talking about how you were going to compare Simon selecting the choices route to Jack's snarling.

And then you were gonna discuss the fact that the verb snarling shows Jack's lack of humanity and dissent into savagery.

Notice here how I'm linking back to that key word from the first supporting detail, and I'm just starting to look at actually what particular methods are being used here and what they demonstrate about a particular character.

I've also gone on and developed that Simon has primal animalistic quality to it, showing that the mask of paint is influencing jack's behaviour and making him unrecognisable as a human being.

Perhaps suggesting that human nature is more, his human nature is more animalistic than human.

So notice here that we're just looking at that key quote and then we're developing our reading of it.

This is really crucial to be able to do as part of your single paragraph outlines and it's this that we're looking for as almost like a base.

So let's just have a quick check for understanding here.

Jacob said, "I'm not sure I understand what to include for the supporting detail in my paragraph outlines." And we've just had a look at an example together.

What advice would you give to Jacob about how to plan his support in detail? Or do you tell him A, to choose longer quotations so that he has more methods to pick out? B, to consider what vocabulary he might want to include in his response.

C, to choose shorter quotations that can be easily embedded when he begins writing.

D, identify Golding's methods, which could even be a single word.

Or E, to write ideas in full sentences so that you can just copy them over when you write.

Pause the video now and select which of these options are best for Jacob as advice.

Remember that there may be multiple things here and think about the example that we just looked at as a model for you.

When you're ready, hit play.

Really good work there everyone.

A lot of people thinking back to what they had seen and using it to build almost a success criteria of what a supporting detail or a single paragraph outline should look like.

We definitely know we want to consider what vocabulary we might want to include and we definitely want to use shorter quotations that so that we can easily embed them.

It's really helpful to identify Golding's methods and that can be a single word.

I don't want you writing it in full sentences because ultimately there's no point in writing in full sentences when this is just a plan.

It's gotta be quick, it's gotta be speedy.

It should take no longer than five minutes to do one paragraph of it.

There's also no point using really long quotations.

We want you to be able to pick out methods but ultimately picking loads of long quotations, you're not going to be efficient, you're not gonna be talking about the most helpful thing and it's really gonna confuse you and your reader.

Don't do it.

Shorter quotations, the better.

So we're gonna put all of this work on single paragraph outlines to practise.

I want you to plan the single paragraph outlines for each of the three analytical paragraphs of your response to the question, how does Golding present human nature in "Lord of the Flies"? So you are going to use this kind of grid.

You'll have a topic sentence, which is what are you trying to prove in this paragraph? And what do you think Golding's message about human nature is? You'll have supporting details where you consider which quotation from the novel you will use as evidence of the paragraph and what you will say about the quotational method.

You'll also need to consider what context you might want to bring in to support your opinion, which realistic, which really, I don't think we did enough of it in that model.

You may wanna think about who Golding was and what ideas he was influenced by, maybe even what experiences he had that really shaped the way that he viewed the world.

Finally, you'll write your concluding sentence.

What is Golding trying to teach us about human beings and why might he have wanted to teach us this? Pause the video now and spend at least 10 minutes planning these three arguments, maybe as many as 15.

You're doing this independently.

It will feel difficult but you should absolutely use your examples from earlier in this lesson and also use your text to make sure that you are doing this.

If you are able to do this well, it will really help you when you are writing your answers up later.

Pause the video now, have a go at doing it and when you're ready, hit play.

Really good work there everyone.

So we're just gonna make sure that we're taking feedback on this and I want you to really green pen or different colour pen, check the work that you are doing.

So I need you to check that you have written your topic sentences in full, keeping your focus on how Golding presents human nature and why.

I always tell my students to make sure that they're using the author's name within the response.

And to get into that discussion of the author's message just going, Golding presents X as Y, to.

So Golding presents at Jack as savage, to, and then that's what gets us into our message.

I want you to make sure that you've written your supporting detail in brief bullet points and that you've provided at least three pieces of supporting detail per single paragraph outline, including quotations, Golding's methods, and any useful context that supports your argument.

You'll also need to make sure that you're using specific and ambitious vocabulary.

So that may include words like brutality, allegory, innate, inherent and illusion.

And finally, make sure that you've got your concluding sentence written in full.

The only part of the single paragraph outline that is written in full are the topic sentence and concluding sentence, because those you're just gonna always pick up and run with.

The concluding sentence should reinforce the main ideas in your paragraph and link back to what we learned from the text.

Pause the video now, make sure that you've hit each of those five bullet points.

And when you're ready, hit play.

Excellent work there everyone.

This is really hard stuff and I know it can feel really complicated writing when you have so much knowledge about the text, you're just trying to work out how to put it together.

But this will really put you in good stead and this is something that you can always carry with you.

These five things, really helpful for you to consider.

They're always the base of your single paragraph outlines.

So a quick summary on planning a written response on "Lord of the Flies." We know that cohesive argument is one that unpacks one big idea.

Each paragraph should work with the others to prove the big idea.

We also know that Golding uses the novel to explore the true nature of human beings.

And so in all paragraph outlines contain this topic sentence, supporting detail, and a summary sentence.

The supporting details should contain quotations you will use along with the writer methods, key vocabulary and relevant contextual information.

Finally, a single paragraph outline should be planned for each section of your response.

So each paragraph outline should take up to and not over five minutes to plan.

You have been absolutely superb today and I've been so impressed with your work.

Thank you so much for joining me and I hope this has been really helpful.

I look forward to working with you again soon.

Bye for now everyone.