Hello, welcome to your lesson today on analysing the theme of jealousy in the play ""Othello."" I'm Miss Sutherland, and I'll be teaching you today.

Our learning outcome for today is to be able to structure a conceptual argument in response to a question about a theme, and the theme we'll be exploring today is jealousy.

We have four key words today.

Let's go through them together.

The first one is chronology.

Chronology is the arrangement of events in order of their occurrence.

So if we arrange moments in their chronological order, we are ordering those moments from the first moment that occurs in the play to the last moment that occurs in the play.

Complexity.

Complexity is the state of being intricate or complicated.

Next, corrosive.

Corrosive is the ability to destroy or damage gradually.

And cuckoldry.

Cuckoldry is the state of being a cuckold, a man whose wife has been unfaithful.

I'll give you a moment to jot down those keywords now.

Great.

We have three learning cycles today.

We're going to start off by learning how to use context effectively in our responses.

We're then going to learn how to sequence topic sentences, and then we'll learn how to link our quotes together effectively for our essays.

So let's start off with learning how to use context effectively in our essays.

When writing an essay on "Othello," you can use context to evaluate different interpretations and support the overarching argument.

So Jacob has this idea that Othello's downfall is a direct result of his jealousy.

What contextual information do you know that could help us to critically evaluate Jacob's idea? Pause video and have a think.

Remember, to critically evaluate means to look at something beyond the obvious initial interpretation.

If we take a look at Jacob's current statement, it does seem to be quite an obvious idea that's widely held about the play.

So we can use context to help us to evaluate Jacob's statement.

We could say whilst jealousy is a destructive force in Othello's journey, Shakespeare shows how being perceived as an outsider in an insular 16th century society perhaps has more detrimental effects on Othello than jealousy does, as racial prejudice seems to lead to Othello's insecurity, which precedes his jealousy.

So that's how we've used context to critically evaluate Jacob's idea.

We've used our context to say perhaps there's another way to look at Jacob's idea, and we've edited it accordingly.

How can we use context to support Andeep's idea that the detrimental effects of jealousy are rooted in insecurity? Pause the video and discuss that question.

Perhaps both Othello and Iago act upon their suspicions about their wives' supposed infidelity due to their pride and honour being threatened.

This links to the stigma associated with being cuckolded in the Jacobin era, in which a man was humiliated and emasculated if their wife was unfaithful.

So there, we see that perhaps Andeep is correct.

Perhaps the detrimental effects of jealousy are indeed rooted in insecurity, and we see that through how the fear of being cuckolded influences Othello and Iago's jealousy.

Let's check your understanding of what we've talked about so far.

Othello's jealousy is a tragic consequence of his insecurity based on his perceived otherness.

Which contextual point can be linked to support this idea? Pause video and answer that question.

Racial prejudice was prevalent in Jacobian England, reinforcing negative ideas about people with dark skin.

Remember, racial prejudice reflective of the time the play was written is shown in the play through the character of Iago and Brabantio, especially at the beginning when they dehumanise and mock Othello based on race.

We see this have an effect on Othello as the play goes on, and he believes that perhaps he's been cheated on due to his race.

So that contextual information helps us to support the idea that Othello's jealousy is a tragic consequence of his insecurity based on his perceived otherness.

Now I've given you two ideas below and I want you to annotate different contextual information to either support or critically evaluate each of those ideas.

The first idea is that jealousy is shown as a tool that men use to reclaim control over their situation.

The second idea is that beliefs about female infidelity result in the most destructive jealousy.

Now annotate different contextual information to either support or critically evaluate each of those ideas below.

Pause video and off you go.

Let's start off with this idea that jealousy is shown as a tool that men use to reclaim control over their situation.

What contextual information might support or critically evaluate that idea? Desdemona's infidelity threatens the control that Othello was expected to have in his marriage as a man in a patriarchal society.

The more jealous Othello gets, the more silenced Desdemona becomes, which restores the 16th century gender expectations that women be submissive to men.

So that idea is supported by the contextual information that Othello wanted to restore the status quo of a patriarchal society, and he uses jealousy to achieve this.

Let's look at this idea.

Beliefs about female infidelity result in the most destructive jealousy in the play.

We can support that idea with this.

At the time of writing, women were expected to be chased.

Female infidelity subverts this expectation and puts men at risk of cuckoldry, losing honour due to being humiliated and emasculated.

Beliefs about female infidelity do result in the most destructive jealousy in the play, but this arguably is a result of the more destructive patriarchal belief systems. So we've used contextual information to support that idea, but also to give a slightly more nuanced perspective that actually it's the more patriarchal belief systems that are more destructive than female infertility itself.

Let's move on to looking at sequencing our topic sentences.

Topic sentences should develop in a sequence to maintain focus on the argument.

When writing an essay, we are usually looking at character or theme development, so we can order our topic sentences according to chronology and complexity.

Let's take a look at what this means.

When mapping a character's development, we should start by looking at the early moments of their journey.

By the end of our essay, we explore how they're affected and changed by a culmination of events.

That ensures we order our topic sentence according to chronology.

Now, in terms of complexity, at the beginning of the character's journey, their character flaws and obstacles have not yet been unravelled.

By the end, the character's story is an intricate web of moments.

At the end of the essay, we can explore the character's development, making our ideas more thought provoking and complex.

Here's an example looking at topic sentences that track the theme of morality in a coherent sequence.

Remember, we are plotting our topic sentences along a continuum of chronology and complexity.

So our first topic sentence might be that Iago is introduced to us as an agent of disorder and a diabolical figure in act one, scene one, introducing the theme of immorality through deception.

See there how we've started with the earliest example of morality in the play.

Our next topic sentence might look something like this.

Shakespeare reveals how temptation plays a part in immorality in act three, scene three.

By act four, scene one, Iago's sinister machinations have a destructive effect on Othello, revealing the consequences of our immorality on other people.

So as you can see, the second topic sentence builds upon the first one.

We now introduce the idea of temptation and immorality, and we also talk about the effects of immorality.

So you can see there how topic sentence two follows the continuum of chronology and complexity.

Our last topic sentence is, by the end, Shakespeare highlights the fatal, devastating repercussions of immorality and its infectious quality.

Shakespeare reveals the moral lessons to be learned and how one can be redeemed from immorality.

Again, that last topic sentence refers to the end of the play where the theme of immorality has been unravelled.

Thus, our topic sentence number three is much more complex and nuanced than the rest, allowing our essay to come to a great conclusion and allowing us to prove our thesis statement.

So the example of immorality was just to show you how you can plot your topic sentences.

We'll actually be answering the question, how does Shakespeare present the theme of jealousy in "Othello?" Sophia wrote this thesis statement in response to the question.

She said in "Othello," Shakespeare shows jealousy, especially male jealousy, as a damaging emotion with fatal consequences.

However, he shows that jealousy does not occur in isolation and always has perhaps more sinister root causes entrenched in society.

Sophia now needs to come up with some topic sentences to support her argument.

Sophia has come up with the following topic sentences.

At the root of Othello's jealousy and subsequent downfall is his outsider status in an insular society.

Male jealousy fueled by pride is introduced to us as a destructive force in act one, scene one through the character of Iago.

And Othello's hamartia is revealed to be his jealousy, and it's fueled by the idea of Desdemona's infidelity.

Can you help Sophia order her topic sentences to support a logical and coherent sequence that builds up to support her argument? Pause the video and order the topic sentences accordingly.

Here is a coherent order that follows the rules of chronology and complexity.

Firstly, male jealousy fueled by pride is introduced to us as a destructive force in act one, scene one through the character of Iago.

See there how we start with the earliest example of jealousy.

Next, Othello's hamartia is revealed to be his jealousy, and it is fueled by the idea of Desdemona's infidelity.

Then go on to talk about how jealousy reaches its climax when it begins to affect Othello, and we can link that to the first topic sentence because it's ultimately Iago's jealousy that catalyses Othello's jealousy.

Then lastly, we have this slightly more nuanced idea that at the root of the Othello's jealousy and subsequent downfall is his outside status in an insular society.

And of course, that can only be revealed by the end of the play, especially after Othello's last soliloquy.

Now I want you to write three topic sentences of your own and organise them in a coherent and logical manner.

Use Sophia's original thesis statement for this task.

And I've put the thesis statement that you need to provide topic sentences for on the screen there.

Remember, use the continuum of chronology and complexity to help you create a logical and coherent order to your topic sentences.

Pause the video and have a go at that task now.

Great job.

Now self-assess your topic sentences and their sequencing by answering the questions below.

Number one, does your first topic sentence look at early examples of jealousy in the play? Perhaps how initially, it does not completely destroy characters.

Number two, do your topic sentences then build to show the corrosive nature and fatal consequences of jealousy.

Lastly, does your final topic sentence explore the most complex idea, that jealousy is a result of more sinister root causes? Pause the video and self-assess your topic sentences now.

Great job, crafting your topic sentences in a logical and coherent sequence allows you to ensure a successful flow of your essay.

Let's move on to our last learning cycle today.

We'll be learning how to link quotes effectively in an essay.

So once you've decided on your topic sentences, you need to find quotes that can link together.

One way to link quotes together is to link the connotations of words within the quotes to other examples.

So for example, if we're talking about male jealousy as a destructive force, we might find the quote, "Oh, beware, my lord, of jealousy.

"It is the green-eyed monster "which doth mock the meat it feeds on." And we can zoom into that word monster there to explore the corrosive and infectious, completely damaging effect of jealousy.

We then might find this other quote that links to the idea of monstrosity in the play.

The quote, "A horned man's a monster and a beast." Both quotes here show that male jealousy is a destructive force by their use of bestial imagery.

Now, the quote, "Wash me steep-down in gulfs of liquid fire," arguably could also link to those two previous quotes.

How might this quote link to the previous two and to the topic sentence? Pause the video and discuss that question.

The quote, "Wash me steep-down in gulfs of liquid fire," said by Othello in act five, scene two, links to the other two quotes because he references wanting to go to hell as punishment for his monstrous jealousy.

Imagery of hell links with the monstrous and bestial imagery previously, and all quotes together show the corrosive effect of jealousy.

In act three, scene three, jealousy is described as being a monster.

In act four, scene one, Othello describes a cuckolded man as a monster and a beast, showing how jealousy can tear a man's virtue apart.

And then, lastly, "Wash me steep-down in gulfs of liquid fire," shows the consequences of being jealous.

So ultimately, all those quotes prove the topic sentence that male jealousy is a destructive force.

Let's check your understanding.

Which quote does not link to support the corrosive quality of jealousy? Pause the video and answer that question.

Well done if you said, "And when I love thee not, "chaos is come again," does not support the corrosive quality of jealousy.

Remember, corrosive means have an ability to damage or cause something to decay.

"Pour this pestilence into his ear," shows how Iago will plant the poisonous seeds of jealousy in Othello, corrupting him.

"The Moor already changes with my poison," shows the corrosive effects of jealousy on Othello.

And, "O, it comes o'er my memory "as doth the raven o'er the infectious house," shows indeed how Othello has ultimately been corroded by jealousy.

Now I want you to create a plan for the question, how does Shakespeare present the theme of jealousy in "Othello?" You need to come up with your own thesis statement, three topic sentences and supporting details for each of the topic sentences.

When creating your plan, you need to make sure that you use context to support or critically evaluate your arguments, that you sequence your topic sentences in a coherent sequence, and that you link quotations and connotations together when providing your supporting detail.

Pause the video and create your plan now.

Great job, creating a thorough essay plan is very important in ensuring your success when it comes to writing a full essay.

Here's a section of Izzy's plan and how it meets the success criteria.

Her topic sentence number one was that racial prejudice is more detrimental to Othello than jealousy.

Here is Izzy's supporting detail.

Firstly, Othello's marriage is questioned based on race.

Brabantio says, "To fall in love "with what she feared to look on," suggesting that Desdemona is scared of Othello for the way he looks.

Her second supporting detail is that Othello shows insecurity based on race.

He suggests that Desdemona may have been unfaithful because of his race.

He says, "Haply because I am black "and have not those soft parts of conversation." And lastly, Othello associates his race with Desdemona's sin.

He says, after believing she's unfaithful, that, "Her name is now black and begrim'd as mine own face." Izzy here uses knowledge of contextual information to guide her topic sentence.

And all her quotes link to support the topic sentence.

I now want you to self-assess your plan to ensure that you meet the success criteria.

Self-assess, did you use context to support or critically evaluate your arguments? Did you sequence your topic sentences in a coherent sequence? And did you link quotations and connotations together? Pause the video and self-assess your plan now.

Well done, a thorough plan is going to help you so much when it comes to writing your essays.

Here's what we've learned today.

Topic sentences should develop in a sequence to maintain focus on the argument.

Connotations of words and images should be linked to other examples that either compound or contrast their effect.

And you can use context to evaluate different interpretations and support the overarching argument.

Thank you for joining me in today's lesson.

I hope you've enjoyed it, and I hope to see you in another one soon.