Hello everyone, it's lovely to see you today.

Thanks for tuning in to this lesson on linking moments and quotations in "Othello." I'm Miss Sutherland and I'll be teaching you today.

By the end of today's lesson, you would've learned how to support an argument with effective evidence.

Our four key words for today's lesson are contextualise.

Contextualise means to place something in the setting that surrounds it in order to fully understand it.

We'll be learning what it means to contextualise a quote in the lesson today.

The next word is cumulative.

Cumulative means increasing in effect, quantity or strength gradually.

We'll be learning how to insert our evidence in a cumulative way.

Nobility is our next word.

Nobility means having virtue or high status.

And finally, epiphany.

An epiphany is a moment of sudden realisation.

So note down any of those keywords that you need to.

Fabulous.

In today's lesson, we have two learning cycles.

We'll start off by learning about linking moments and quotations in "Othello" and how we can plan to link moments and quotations in our paragraph outlines.

In the second learning cycle, we'll be experimenting and practising linking moments in a written response.

So let's start off with linking moments and quotations in "Othello." Let's first start off with gathering some ideas about this theme.

What moments and quotes from across the play supports Othello as a noble character? Pause the video and discuss that question.

Let's go through what you may have said.

Othello's nobility is supported by his eloquence shown in Act 1 Scene 3.

He says, "The very head in front of my offending hath this extent," and the Duke says, after Othello tells the tale of how he and Desdemona fell in love, "This tale would win my daughter too." Both of those quotes prove how Othello is eloquent.

He's able to defend himself in a very articulate way and be very convincing too.

The next piece of evidence we have for Othello's nobility is that he is admired by Cassio and Montano.

In Act 2 Scene 1 they eagerly await Othello's arrival in Cyprus and the two men comment on his military merits.

They say that Othello is a worthy general and that he commands like a full soldier.

The next piece of evidence we have of Othello's nobility is that he's a respectful lover.

He lets Desdemona have a say.

He respects her voice when he says, "Let her witness it," and he tells of their reciprocal love in Act 1 Scene 3.

Finally, we have the last piece of evidence for Othello's nobility, which might be that Othello has a high ranking in the Venetian army.

He is the general and he describes himself as being from men of royal siege.

He also is very confident that his military merit will defend him and protect him against Brabantio's accusations.

He says, "My services shall out-tongue his complaints." So "What I've done for the Venetian army will be far greater than anything he could accuse me of or be angry with me for." So there we have it, four pieces of evidence to support Othello's nobility.

Well done if you mentioned any of those and well done if you mentioned any that I hadn't included.

Now of course, in today's lesson we're learning how to link moments and quotations.

So out of the four pieces of evidence on the screen now, how could you link each of these moments together or which moments or quotes link together the best? Pause the video and discuss that question.

Now you may have said that the fact that Othello has a high ranking in the Venetian army and he thinks that his military merits will defend and protect him, links with how he is admired by Cassio and Montano.

The reason for these being linked is because they both refer to Othello's reputation.

Part of his nobility is his high status and how others respect him based on his military merit.

These two quotes link because they refer to Othello's morality and character, he is a respectful man and lover.

So the way he speaks, the way he presents himself in Act 1 Scene 3 shows that he's of virtuous character.

So there we have those two moments and quotations linking as well.

All of the moments could could be said to link as they are all in the first half of the play.

This is significant because it allows time for Othello's fall from grace and for opinions to change by the end of the play.

By nature, a tragic hero would have all of their great powerful moments at the beginning of the play because that is the part of the play where they gain the other characters' and the audience's favour.

Now let's look at how our linking moments and quotations can be translated into a plan.

So say our thesis was "Arguably, Shakespeare uses Othello's tragic tale to illustrate the ease in which noble heroes can fall when they trust you easily and let their passions govern them." In this paragraph, we are focusing on how Shakespeare emphasises Othello's noble and heroic qualities in Act 1 Scene 3.

More specifically how he shows Othello's eloquence and esteem as he confronts the Duke's harsh accusations.

Let's look at how our linking moments and quotations fit into the plan now.

So we have split our evidence into two sections.

The overarching idea is that he's a tragic hero, but we've split our moments and quotations firstly into this idea that Othello has a great reputation for his military merit, and I've got those four quotes that link to that idea written there.

The next sub idea that I'm exploring is Othello's moral character, and again, I've got four quotes that support that idea of him having a moral character written there.

The reason why this plan is effective is because I haven't just dumped all those eight quotes in the supporting details section.

That would mean I hadn't bothered to link them.

What I've done is I've split them up and I've linked four to one theme and four to another theme.

That means I've clearly thought about how the quotations themselves link to each other and what the link is.

Let's check your understanding.

Which two quotes link together to show Othello's reputation at the beginning of the play.

Pause the video and answer that question.

Well done if you said the quote "tis a worthy general" and "My service shall out-tongue his complaints" link together to show Othello's reputation.

The first is what is said about him in Act 2 Scene 1 as Montano and Cassio await him, and the second is what he says about himself referring to how his military merit will far outweigh any accusation of Brabantio.

Well done if you've got that right.

Now, I want you to plan the next two paragraphs for this essay by completing the supporting details section with linking quotations and moments.

Ensure you make the links explicit and meaningful by answering the questions in purple.

So let's go through this plan so you know exactly what you're doing.

The first topic sentence you need to find evidence for is that "Othello falls victim to Iago's manipulation allowing the audience to develop sympathy for him at the same time as seeing his hamartia." I've given you some of the supporting details for that topic sentence.

I've given you this idea that the audience builds sympathy for Othello via the quote, "Pour pestilence into his ear" and "Abuse his ear," but I want you to make that link specific.

How are those quotes linked? You need to zoom into the words in each of those quotes to make a link explicit and then you need to find quotes that link this idea of Othello having a obvious hamartia.

The next topic sentence you need to find linking evidence for is "Othello's horrific acts of violence fueled by jealousy and later guilt and suicide in Act 5, allow Shakespeare to show Othello as in control of his own fate; thus a typical tragic hero." Again, I've given you this idea that you need to find evidence for his horrific acts fueled by jealousy.

I want you to link his words and acts in Act 5 to his acts and words in Act 1 Scene 3.

This time you'll be saying how those words are different.

You'll be contrasting them, and that's the link you'll make.

The second evidence base that I want you to find is for his epiphanies that he has in Act 5 Scene 2.

I want you to find three quotes that show Othello has moments of realisation.

So pause the video and find your linking evidence and quotations to support those topic sentences, off you go.

Excellent job.

It can be really tricky trying to find quotations that link together really well, but you've given that a really good try.

Here are some ideas.

When we're trying to link this quote, "Pour pestilence into his ear" and "Abuse his ear." We could say they are linked by the semantic field of corruption because pestilence and abuse link together to suggest an idea of tainting.

Both of these quotes also create fear and pity.

Pay attention to how I've mentioned Shakespeare's use of the semantic field of corruption.

The reason for that is by using sophisticated terminology such as semantic field, it can show you understand the cumulative effect of language so it can show that you understand how Shakespeare has purposely linked those words together throughout the play in order to compound an affect.

Our next task was to find quotes that show Othello's hamartia.

You could have found a quote to show his gullibility, for example, "This fellow's of exceeding honesty," or a quote to show his jealousy, which is "Rather be a toad than keep the thing I love for others." Those two quotes link together because they both could refer to this idea of hamartia.

Now let's look at what quotes we could have found for the second topic sentence.

When we're trying to find a contrast between his speech in Act 5 Scene 2 and Act 1 Scene 3, we could say that the quote "Out, strumpet! Weep'st thou for him to my face?" Includes coarse language, which contrast with his eloquence in Act 1 Scene 3.

Remember, a link doesn't always have to be a similarity, it could be a contrast, and that's exactly what we do when we explore his behaviour in Act 5 Scene 2 and Act 1 Scene 3.

Your next task was to find three quotes to show Othello's epiphanies or moments of realisation in Act 5, Scene 2.

You could have found "Wash me in gulfs of liquid fire!" "Demi-devil hath ensnared my soul and body," and "Threw a pearl away richer than his tribe." These all show the epiphanies of Othello has because they show that he realises a mistake that he's made.

For example, "Wash me in gulfs of liquid fire!" Shows Othello acknowledging his sin.

"Demi-devil hath ensnared my soul and body," shows he's realised that he's been manipulated by Iago.

And finally "Threw a pearl away richer than his tribe," shows he knows he didn't value or respect Desdemona as he should have.

Well done on collecting all those brilliant pieces of evidence and linking them together.

Now let's move on to our next learning cycle where we'll link moments in a written response.

Let's look at how we can link moments and quotations in a written response now.

Let's read this paragraph through and explore what it does well.

"Shakespeare emphasises Othello's noble and heroic qualities in Act 1 Scene 3.

More specifically, he shows Othello's eloquence and esteem as he confronts the Duke's harsh accusations.

Othello uses blank verse when telling of how he won Desdemona, which speaks to his dignity and authority.

He talks of his impressive war stories that she 'devoured' concluding 'She loved me for the dangers I had pass'd, and I loved her, that she did pity them.

' Moreover, Shakespeare emphasises Othello's role as a military hero; he is calm when learning about the Brabantio's rage in Act 1 Scene 2 because he takes pride in his war efforts stating 'My service shall out-tongue his complaints.

' His steely reputation is further emphasised as Montano awaits him in Cyprus and claims he 'Commands like a full soldier.

'" Let's zoom into those highlighted sections on the screen.

What is being done in those highlighted sections to make this response effective? Pause the video and discuss that question.

Well done if you said the highlighted sections are contextualising each moment in the play using connectives to link moments together.

So as you can see, we haven't just said Othello is eloquent in Act 1 Scene 3.

We've mentioned how Othello shows his eloquence in Act 1 Scene 3.

He shows it when he defends himself.

And we've also used the connective such as moreover, to link those moments together to link his eloquence and to link his reputation together.

Let's take a look at these two responses.

Response A comes from that original paragraph.

"Moreover, Shakespeare emphasises Othello's role as a military hero; he is calm when learning about Brabantio's rage in Act 1 Scene 2 because he takes pride in his war efforts stating, 'My service shall out-tongue his complaints.

'" Response B however, does not succeed in linking moments or quotations and it doesn't contextualise the scene either.

It reads, "Shakespeare emphasises Othello's role as military hero.

Othello takes pride in his war efforts stating 'My service shall out-tongue his complaints.

'" I want you to discuss what is the effect when I don't contextualise the moment or use connectives to link moments.

Why is response B less effective? Pause video and discuss that question now.

Response B does not contextualise the moment that Othello takes pride in his military effort, which can lead the reader confused as they have no knowledge about when in the play this occurs.

Also, response B lacks a connective linking two moments in the play together.

This makes it seem like the moments are not connected to the same idea.

Of course, we recognise that the fact Othello has a laudable character links with this idea of him as a military hero with great reputation, and both of those ideas link together to prove that he is a noble tragic hero.

If we did not use the connective moreover, we are giving this inclination that those ideas are not linked to prove the same argument.

Overall, contextualising moments and using connectives to link moments makes your writing clearer and shows your brilliant understanding of the play.

So you should always try to contextualise the moment something occurs in the play and use connectives to link moments together.

Let's check your understanding.

What should you do before introducing a moment or quote from the play? Pause the video and answer that question.

Well done if you said before you introduce a moment or quote, you should contextualise it; that means give information about where it occurs in the play and what the background is for the character behaving or saying that thing.

What can you use to link moments together in a play? Pause video and answer that question.

Well done, if you said, we can use connectives to link moments together in a play.

There's a really big clue here.

If you want to link, in other words, connect moments in a play, use a connective.

Now, I want you to write up your response for the two paragraphs that you planned earlier so you planned all the supporting evidence for these two topic sentences.

Now you need to write up the response in full.

As you write, ensure you link evidence together, contextualise moments in the play and link them with connectives and link also the connotations of words and images to other examples that either compound or contrast their effect.

Pause the video and begin your writing.

Brilliant effort there everyone.

I now want you to self-assess your work.

You need to reread your paragraphs and self-assess according to this success criteria.

Have you linked evidence from a range of moments together, contextualised moments in the play and linked them with connectives, linked connotations of words and images to other examples that either compound or contrast their effect? Remember, that's exactly what we did when we looked at the words pestilence and abuse and we said they're linked via corruption.

Check, you've done that because that is a really important thing to do and it can really show your skill off.

Lastly, have you included sophisticated terminology to track the cumulative effect of language? Pause the video and self-assess your work now.

Well done everyone.

Here's what we've learned today.

Evidence within a paragraph should contain linked moments and quotations.

Moments should be contextualised and linked with connectives to demonstrate understanding of plot sequencing.

Connotations of words and images should be linked to other examples that either compound or contrast their effect.

And lastly, more sophisticated terms, for example, semantic field, support commentary on the cumulative effect of language.

I really enjoyed learning with you today and I hope to see you again soon.