Hello and welcome.

Thank you for joining me for today's English lesson.

I'm Mrs. Butterworth and I will be guiding you through the learning.

Now, today's lesson we'll be focusing on two texts.

We'll be focusing on a text called "A Feminist Manifesto," and also Emmeline Pankhurst "Freedom or Death" speech.

And we're gonna be thinking about how we can draw comparisons from both of those texts.

Okay, are we ready to get started? Excellent, let's go.

So in this lesson you will draw comparisons between two texts and use conjunctions to present them clearly.

But before we begin our lesson, let's just look at those keywords that are gonna help with our understanding and you may also notice them popping up throughout the lesson.

So these words are manifesto, galvanise, feminist, systemic and empower.

Now let's just look at a few of those in a bit more detail.

So one of the key words is manifesto.

So you may have noticed that one of the texts that we are looking at today is called "A Feminist Manifesto." Now a manifesto is a clear statement of beliefs or intentions and this is often published publicly.

So a really good example that you may have heard of is a political manifesto.

So very often political parties, ahead of elections, or similar things will publish a manifesto and it lays out their intentions, what they are proposing to do, what their policies are.

So a manifesto is very much about intentions, goals, beliefs and aims. So you might wanna think about what "A Feminist Manifesto" might look like and who might write that.

We've also got this word galvanise, and I love this word because the word galvanise means to stimulate or inspire action or change.

So when we think about Emmeline Pankhurst's "Freedom or Death" speech, it really galvanises her audience.

Her aim is to galvanise and inspire them to take action.

And this is quite similar to the word empower.

So this word empower means to give someone the power, confidence, or ability to do something.

So if you empower someone or you feel empowered, you generally feel stronger, you feel more confident.

Feeling empowered is a really positive thing to do and feel.

So the outline of our lesson looks like this.

We're going to begin by reading "A Feminist Manifesto," and then we're going to move on to look at how you can use conjunctions to compare text in a really clear way.

So let's start with our reading of "A Feminist Manifesto." So in this lesson we are exploring a text by the author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.

And it was published in 2017 so it's a relatively new text.

Now, it has an interesting title which hints at a dual purpose.

So the title is "Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in 15 Suggestions." Now this text aims to challenge gender roles and the societal expectations placed on women.

Now you may have noticed it was originally written as a personal letter to her friend Ijeawele, a new mother who wanted an instruction guide as to how to raise a feminist child.

So in the introduction to this book, she describes her friend reaching out to her saying, "How do I raise my child to be a feminist?" And looks to her friend Adichie, who has given lots of talks on this to write her this instruction manual.

In this extract specifically, Adichie explores the issues of gender inequality through the experiences of motherhood.

I would like us to consider the title in a bit more depth because the title can actually give us lots of information about the purpose of the text.

We can start making and drawing conclusions about the tone of the text, what language we expect to be included.

So there's lots that we can get from the title.

So what I would like you to do is I would like you to look at the title and discuss, what is a manifesto? So you may want to think back to the definition in the key words at the start.

What does this tell us about the purpose of the text? So what is Adichie trying to do? What is her aim? And this book is both a manifesto and a personal letter.

So what tone do you think the extract will take and what types of language might it use? So there's lots to think about there.

So you're gonna need to pause the video so you've got time to discuss these questions or just to think quietly to yourself.

Okay, is everyone ready to go? Excellent.

Pause the video now.

Okay, fantastic.

Lots of really excellent suggestions there and some perceptive discussions happening.

So let's just feed back a few of those ideas.

So lots of you picked up on this idea about the manifesto and what this tells us about the purpose of the text.

So we know that a manifesto is usually published as a way for someone to show their beliefs, their intentions, their ideas.

So this suggests that this text and it's particularly in the idea that it's 15 suggestions is almost like a how to guide as to how to be a better feminist or to how to challenge gender stereotypes and expectations.

And it almost suggests that it's Adichie's way of saying, here is my proposal, this is what I believe and this is how we are going to achieve this.

So a manifestos, quite an interesting way to present this text.

And this idea about it being a manifesto and a personal letter, we can assume that the tone would be quite friendly.

We know that it's written to her friend.

So maybe there's a friendly personal tone as well as an instructional tone amongst that.

So the types of language, we may have some first person, we may have some direct address as well because there may be some instruction in there.

So you may think, or you may wish in order to write that letter to her friend and to also create this manifesto.

So you might want to consider.

There might be some tentative language in there too.

So there's lots of things that we can think about and predict before we jump in to the extract.

So as I said at the start we are going to focus on how to compare two texts and their main ideas in this lesson.

So here are our texts here.

And I'd like you to discuss, why do you think these two texts make for a good comparison? And what similarities and differences can you begin to identify using just the contextual information? So like I just said with the title, there's a lot that we can draw out from the title and the extra contextual information.

There's lots of predictions we can make lots of conclusions we can start to draw.

Okay, so why do you think these two texts make for a good comparison? And what similarities and differences can you begin to identify using just the contextual information? Great, okay, so get ready to discuss or think about your ideas.

Pause the video, and off you go.

Thank you so much for those discussions.

There was some really rich discussions happening, which is great considering we have very small amounts of texts, there was lots of things to say about them, which is great.

So why do we think these texts make for a good comparison? Well, there is lots to compare in them, isn't there? They have similar subjects, similar motivations, so there's lots that we can draw out between them.

And also the fact that one is a contemporary text and one is an archaic text written in 1913.

There's lots of ideas there like similarities and differences that can be drawn out in terms of values and attitudes.

So these texts were a really good place to start in terms of comparison.

So in terms of similarities and differences.

So you may have thought about the idea that they both have similar subjects, don't they? They are both talking about gender equality, gender stereotypes, expectations, feminism.

So they have similar subjects, but they also have differences in terms of form.

So whereas Adichie, it's a written piece is meant to be read.

It's a letter, it's a manifesto.

Emmeline Pankhurst has written a speech, so it's written to be delivered.

So again, their language choices will be slightly different and likewise, their purposes are slightly different too.

So whereas Adichie is writing to inform, to instruct, Emmeline Pankhurst wants to persuade she wants to galvanise her audience she wants to inspire change.

Now they do both want to inspire change, but they do this in very different ways.

So there's lots of similarities and differences that we can pick up there.

Likewise with audiences they're very different readers and audiences.

So lots of things to think about as we move on through the text.

So true or false? Both texts offer a feminist perspective on gender inequality.

Is that true or false? Well done, this is true, yes.

They both have similar subjects.

Now justified by picking A or B.

And the answer is B, Adichie addresses the issues through a written manifesto, whereas Pankhurst delivers a speech.

So you can see those differences there starting to emerge with that form and purpose.

It is now over to you as we have reached our first practise task.

And what I would like you to do is I want you to consider everything that we have explored so far as you are reading and working through the extracts because you've had some lovely discussions and thought some lovely ideas so far.

So you can bring that to this practise task.

So the first thing you're going to do is you're going to need to read the extract first suggestion from "Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto," by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.

Then what I would like you to do is I would like you to complete the grid to begin identifying similarities and differences between the texts.

So you will notice in the grid I focused on purpose, audience, form and subject.

So we need to really think about those areas as you begin to identify those similarities and differences.

Now, we've already done a lot of discussion on this text.

We've made lots of predictions and thought of lots of ideas already.

So don't forget to bring that to your reading and your completion of the grid.

Okay, so has everyone got everything they need to complete this task? Great.

Fantastic.

So now it's time to pause the video so you can get this done, off you go.

Excellent, thank you so much for your hard work on that task.

Now what I would like to do now is I'd like to take an opportunity just to feedback and look at some potential responses.

So here I have a completed grid.

So this is one way you could have approached the task.

Now you may have something different, you may have something even better, or you may want to just take this opportunity to add to your own grid, but let's just look at the feedback and as I say, if you want to add to your grid, now's a really good time to do that.

So the purpose, let's look at these purposes.

So in the "Feminist Manifesto," it's all about providing guidance and suggestions on how to navigate gender stereotypes and expectations as a new mother.

In "Freedom or Death," it's all about that galvanising.

So to galvanise everyone into taking action and advocate for women's rights.

So there's slightly different purposes there.

They are arguably both wanting to inspire change, but their purposes are quite different in how they're doing this.

Then in terms of audiences, so in terms of the "Feminist Manifesto," people that will read this are those that are interested in feminist issues, but also it is directly addressed to her friend, Ijeawele.

So there is this personalised aspect to the work as well as this wider audience.

In terms of "Freedom or Death," now this is quite interesting in terms of audience because it will be supporters of the women's suffrage movement, but also others who attended the speech.

So it was quite a public speech.

So she will definitely, Emmeline Pankhurst will have her supporters that will attend it but there'll also be others that witness the speech that will become part of this audience.

Now the form in "A Feminist Manifesto," we have the form of a manifesto and a personal letter which we have identified, which is different to the "Freedom or Death," which is a speech.

Now the subjects, although they have similarities, there are some differences.

So for the "Feminist Manifesto," the subject is societal expectation of mothers, gender roles and challenging systemic sexism.

In "Freedom or Death," we've got the urgency and necessity in achieving women's rights and how to take actions.

So again, there's some really clear similarities and differences and also some really subtle ones too.

Okay, so we reached the second part of our lesson.

So using everything that we've just explored in terms of similarities and differences we're now going to think about how we can begin to write those up using conjunctions.

So let's keep going.

Excellent work so far.

So when comparing texts, it's important to use comparative sentence structures to show that you are comparing the texts.

So a comparative sentence structure will present either a similarity or a difference.

So a really effective way to construct comparative sentences is to use conjunctions.

And there are two different sets of conjunctions we're going to look at today.

So we're going to look at comparative conjunctions and these can be used to compare ideas in a sentence and show difference.

And correlative conjunctions and these are pairs of words that work together to connect ideas in a sentence.

We're going to explore comparative conjunctions first.

So as I said, comparative conjunctions can be used to compare ideas in a sentence and to show similarities and differences.

So let's see how they work.

So we have our first idea here in her manifesto, Adichie challenges gender roles.

And then idea two, in Pankhurst's speech, she challenges societal expectations of women.

What I'm going to do is I'm going to add in a comparative conjunction.

So let's read the sentence and I'll show you how that comparative conjunction works.

So in her manifesto, Adichie challenges gender roles.

Likewise, in Pankhurst's speech she challenges societal expectations of women.

So you can see how that conjunction clearly shows this similarity in a really nice and clear way.

Let's look at another, Adichie aims to empower women, specifically new mothers, to challenge stereotypical roles.

Idea two, Pankhurst wants to galvanise women to challenge systemic sexism.

And this time I'm going to use the conjunction, equally.

So again, let's read the sentence and you can see how that conjunction works.

Adichie aims to empower women, specifically new mothers to challenge stereotypical roles, equally, Pankhurst wants to galvanise women to challenge systemic sexism.

So those comparative conjunctions just work they're really effective in showing that clear comparison.

So now let's look at a difference.

So Adichie explores feminist issues through the experiences of new mothers and the societal expectations placed on them.

Pankhurst's attention is on women's rights to vote and political autonomy.

So here the comparative conjunction show difference.

So I'm going to use whereas, I could have picked any one of those three.

Let's see, so Adichie explores feminist issues through the experiences of new mothers and the societal expectations placed on them, whereas Pankhurst's attention is on a woman's right to vote and political autonomy.

So let's do one more to show difference.

So I've got my idea one there, idea two there, and the comparative conjunction I'm going to use is however.

Let's read that sentence together using that different conjunction.

Adichie gives advice on identity and motherhood exploring the role of gender stereotypes and how to navigate them, however, in Pankhurst's speech, she's more commanding, demanding women's rights to vote and suggesting radical action.

So you can see how just using that comparative conjunction clearly shows a similarity or difference between the two texts.

I also just want to make sure that you notice that after the conjunction you can see that there is a comma there.

So make sure to include that after your conjunction.

Okay, so A, B, C, or D, which one of these comparative conjunctions does not show difference? So you are looking for the comparative conjunction that does not show difference.

Is it A, B, C or D? Ah, lots of you feeling very confident.

So that's great.

Likewise is the answer, C.

So absolutely likewise would show a similarity whereas, whereas, however and contrastingly will show difference.

So we've looked at comparative conjunctions.

Now we are going to look at correlative conjunctions.

Now correlative conjunctions are useful for expressing similarities between texts and they come in pairs, so let's have a look.

So I've got my writers here, Adichie and Pankhurst and the idea is that they aim to explore and challenge gender stereotypes.

So if we just pop in a correlative conjunction or a pair of corelative conjunctions, you can see how they make this really clear comparison.

Both Adichie and Pankhurst aim to explore and challenge gender stereotypes.

So that's a really good way to start comparing texts.

Let's do another one, so we've got our writer here, Adichie and Pankhurst and shy away from revealing the realities of gender inequality and systemic sexism.

So the corelative conjunctions that I've used are neither and nor.

So you've got neither Adichie nor Pankhurst shy away from the revealing the realities of gender inequality and systemic sexism.

So this is a really good way to, from the outset, draw a comparison between texts.

It's really clear, it's really efficient.

Okay, so we need two answers this time.

So select the two sentences which use corelative conjunctions.

Remember they come in pairs.

So you were looking for the two sentences that use correlative conjunctions.

You might want to read them aloud to help you find those correlative conjunctions.

Okay, off you go.

Okay, and the answer is B and C.

So you can see here that we have got those correlative conjunctions highlighted.

So whilst both Adichie and, so both and Pankhurst detail the problems with gender inequality, the speech has a greater urgency.

Whether it's the right to vote or the challenge of motherhood, both texts aim to challenge stereotypes and societal expectations.

So you can see those correlative conjunctions there working to make those comparisons.

Now let's just look at the wrong answer, A.

Now this does give a comparison but it doesn't use correlative conjunctions.

It uses likewise, so we've got our comparative conjunction there, but not our correlative conjunctions.

So now it is your turn to use these conjunctions.

So what I would like you to do, please, is I would like you to write two comparative sentences comparing Adichie and Pankhurst's intentions using conjunctions.

So in the grid here, you'll see I've given you some sentence starters and some key ideas to help you, but you must make sure you use those conjunctions.

So we've got correlative conjunctions, we've got comparative conjunctions, and you've got those key ideas there.

So you've got everything in that box that will help you to write those two comparative sentences.

So grab what you need to make sure that you are ready to write those sentences, and I look forward to seeing what you come up with.

Okay, pause the video and get going.

Well done everybody.

So comparing texts is actually quite a tricky thing to do.

So starting to use these comparative and correlative conjunctions give you a way to really help make the process clear, efficient and effective.

So always practise using those conjunctions.

So I just want us to do a bit of feedback.

So let's look at Jun's response here.

What has Jun forgotten to do in his sentences? So let's read through.

So Pankhurst seems to address her audience with urgency and impatience.

Adichie on the other hand, communicates more gently and offers her audience advice.

So what has Jun forgotten to do? Just think quietly to yourself for a moment and then we'll share our answers.

Okay, so Jun has made some lovely points and he's made a comparison.

Okay, so he's got, on the other hand, I mean it's a really, really lovely set of sentences.

However, in this task he has forgotten to include any correlative conjunctions.

So can we help him? So maybe just pause the video for a moment and think about how you would write this in order to include some correlative conjunctions.

So pause the video and discuss or think to yourself how you could include some correlative conjunctions in these sentences.

Okay, so shall we share what we've come up with? Fantastic.

Okay, so Jun has a go at rewriting his sentences, and now he has included both correlative and comparative conjunctions.

So let's read through.

So whilst both Adichie and Pankhurst so you've got a corelative conjunctions there can be said to be stirring their readers into action Pankhurst seems to address her audience with urgency and impatience.

On the other hand, Adichie communicates more gently and offers her audience advice.

Isn't that a fantastic set of comparative sentences? Very well done, Jun.

So what I would do now, is I'll just make sure you check through your own writing to check that you too have both correlative and comparative conjunctions, okay? Well done everyone, your hard work has paid off because we have reached the end of the lesson and what a lot we have achieved.

So let us just remind ourselves of everything that we have learned.

We know that through the experiences of motherhood, Adichie explores the issues of gender roles and stereotypes that both Adichie and Pankhurst present a feminist perspective on gender inequality.

That the writers use different forms to address their audiences and achieve their different purposes.

That a comparative sentence needs to make the link between the text clear, for example, through a comparative conjunction.

And we know that correlative conjunctions are a great way to create close comparisons.

Again, a very well done everyone.

I can't wait to do this all again soon in another lesson.

So don't leave it too long and I will see you then.

Bye-bye.