Hello and welcome.

Are you ready for today's lesson? I hope so.

I'm Mrs. Butterworth and I can't wait to get into this lesson today because we are going to be looking at how you can express a viewpoint.

So how we can write effectively and persuasively, because we don't want to put our audiences off, we want to convince them.

So we're going to be looking at how different sentence types, how things like anecdotes can create a rapport with the audience and really help them convince them of what we are saying.

Okay, ready to go? Let's get started.

So in this lesson, you will be able to effectively express a viewpoint in an engaging and persuasive way.

But before we delve into the lesson, let's look at those keywords that are gonna help with our understanding.

These keywords are: persuasive, rapport, alienating, confrontational, and inclusive.

Now, let's just look at what those definitions mean together, just to make sure we really understand what the words mean.

So persuasive is that ability to convince someone to do or think something.

So you want to be persuasive in your writing when you are trying to convince them of your viewpoint.

Now this idea of rapport, we're going to look a lot at this today in the lesson, is this idea of building a connection or bond with someone.

So the idea that you use your writing to create a rapport with your audience is a great one for persuasive pieces because you want the audience to think or feel that they have a connection with you 'cause they're much more likely to be convinced by you.

Now, alienating is where you cause individuals or groups of people to feel left out or isolated.

So this is what we don't want to achieve with our persuasive writing.

We don't want to alienate audience members or make them feel isolated or not part of what it is you are talking about.

And confrontational; if you're being confrontational, you are acting or behaving in a way that directly challenges someone.

So it can be quite aggressive if you're being confrontational because it often leads to conflict.

So you're not challenging in a polite or discursive way.

You're being confrontational, you're being challenging.

And then inclusive, which is definitely what we want to achieve with our persuasive writing, is about involving and welcoming everyone.

So the idea that your audience feels included.

So you want your writing, your speeches to feel inclusive.

Okay, let's keep going.

So the outline of our lesson looks like this.

We're going to start by considering tone and sentence types, and then we're going to move on to look at creating effective anecdotes.

So let's start with that tone and sentence types.

Now the first thing I want us to consider is what actually is the purpose of a piece of persuasive writing? What are you trying to do when you write persuasively? So what I'd like you to do is pause the video so you've got time to discuss or just think quietly to yourself the answers to these questions.

Okay, pause the video.

Off you go.

Great.

So let's just share some of those answers.

So what is the purpose of a piece of persuasive writing? So you may have that is about creating awareness on a topic.

So if you are talking about an issue specifically, it's about creating awareness, isn't it, on that topic or issue.

To broaden the conversation.

So you might think that your piece of persuasive writing, that it's all about reaching those people that maybe haven't considered your point of view.

So you want to broaden the conversation and reach more people.

You want to convince an audience, you may want to inspire an audience to take action.

So if you think of some famous persuasive speeches, very often they are about inspiring an audience to take action, to get them on board, to get them on side with the issue that the speaker is talking about.

It's to express an opinion.

And finally to put forward a viewpoint.

So this idea of a viewpoint.

So when expressing a viewpoint in a persuasive piece of writing, it's important to create a rapport with the audience.

So we've got that keyword there, rapport.

And remember, that's all about creating a connection or a bond with someone or something.

So in this case that rapport is about the audience.

We want to create a connection with our audience.

So what you want to do is you want to express the importance of the issue, don't you? So you want them to understand how important the issue is, but you don't want to put them off.

So if you put them off or you are expressing it in maybe an angry way, you risk alienating your audience, which we don't want.

We want as many people to be involved.

You don't want to alienate or isolate members of your audience.

You want to engage the most amount of people in order to share your viewpoint.

So I want you to think about what might you need to consider in order to achieve this.

So pause the video so you've got time to discuss your ideas or think quietly to yourself.

So what might you need to consider in order to achieve this? Off you go.

Great, thank you.

Lots of you mentioning things like language choices, choice of topic, rhetorical devices.

Some of you even mentioned tone, which is great 'cause we're going to be looking at that in a moment.

So it's great that we have this awareness of all the things that we need to do to engage an audience.

So we're gonna make sure that we understand this fully.

Okay, let's move on.

So as I said, some of you mentioned tone in that last discussion, and considering tone is an important part of reaching a wide audience and presenting your viewpoint effectively.

And some of you may be thinking, what is tone? And I think when we look at these tonal words in a moment, it will help you.

So tone is about the overall feeling, attitude or emotion that is underlying in the speech or piece of writing.

So as I said, look at these tonal words.

This will help you really grasp this idea of tone.

And as we look at these words, I want you to think about what is the most effective, which would be the most effective at persuading an audience and why? So those tonal words are: convincing, so a convincing tone, does it sound believable? A humorous tone, a confrontational tone.

So we've got that keyword there, that word confrontational.

Remember meaning to challenge, maybe being a bit aggressive in your challenge.

Inclusive.

So do you have an inclusive tone? Are you welcoming? Does everyone feel included in your tone? And an angry tone.

So which of these would be most effective at persuading an audience? So let's look at this together.

So a convincing tone is a good one to have because if you have a convincing tone, you also sound believable.

Okay, you sound convincing, which mean your audience are more likely to believe you and be persuaded if you cultivate and create this convincing tone.

Now, a humorous or lighthearted tone is a really great tone to create because it can be really engaging.

And you may think about some famous speeches that you have looked at that use a humorous or lighthearted tone.

Now, even when you are exploring serious topics, you can use a humorous or lighthearted tone.

It can be quite tricky to master, but once you do, it is such an effective way to engage your audience.

And like I said, think about some of those famous speeches or pieces of persuasive writing that you have looked at that have maybe used this type of tone.

And then a confrontational tone.

Is this something we would want to aim for? Probably not because it's risky, because if you are too confrontational, you risk alienating your audience.

Now if you challenge your audience too much, you are too aggressive, or, you know, you are making them feel bad, an audience may feel like, "actually I don't wanna listen to this speaker," or "I'm not gonna listen to what they say." And even they might do the opposite.

So being too confrontational can really risk alienating or isolating your audience, just putting them off really.

Now inclusive, we definitely want to be inclusive in our tone.

And using words like "we" and "us" can really help create that inclusive tone.

And I'm sure in the persuasive pieces of writing that you have looked at, you see this being used a lot.

"We need to act now." Okay, "it is up to us to make a difference." Feels really inclusive and is really persuasive because the audience feel part of the collective cause.

You know, it's not just "I" or "them", it's "we", it's "us".

"We're in this together." So this is something to consider in your own writing about how you are going to create an inclusive tone to really get your audience on side.

Now what about an angry tone? Now it's good to talk passionately.

So there can be a little bit of anger, but you don't wanna come across too angry 'cause it can put your audience off, which is why using things like a little bit of humour or being lighthearted is more likely to hook your audience in.

If you're too angry, you may alienate some of your audience members, okay? So it's a really fine balance, isn't it, of finding that right tone and using language and rhetorical devices to help you create that effective tone.

So true or false time.

Being angry and confrontational is the best way to convince an audience.

Is that true or false? Well done to everyone that said false.

Yes, being angry and confrontational is not the best way to convince an audience.

Okay, so now you need to pick A or B.

And the answer is A, absolutely.

Creating a convincing and inclusive tone is much more effective.

So remember things like "us" and "we" help create that inclusive tone.

And being convincing also makes you sound believable.

Okay, let's keep going.

Now, the other thing we need to consider in our writing is about having a variety of sentence types.

Now actually, in terms of tone, varying your types of sentences can help you subtly change the tone of your writing throughout.

Now I'm going to show you what I mean by that.

So if you look at these following sentences, they all have a similar message, but they create a different tone.

Let's have a look.

"Can we continue to deny the women the basic rights they deserve in today's society?" "Women deserve equal rights, opportunities and respects in all aspects of life." "Stand up for women's rights now.

Advocate, support, and ensure equality for all women." So I'd like you to reread those again and discuss how do they create different tones? So you'll need to pause the video so you can reread them and discuss your answer to the question.

Or you may wish to sit quietly and think your answers to yourself.

Okay, pause the video and off you go.

Okay, some great ideas, everyone.

Let's unpick these sentences a little bit more and consider this idea of tone, using some of those ideas that you've just come up with.

Now, these three sentences, those three sentences are actually three different types of sentence.

So we have an interrogative sentence, a declarative sentence, and an imperative sentence.

Now an interrogative sentence is this one.

So it was that question, "Can we continue to deny women the basic rights that they deserve in today's society?" Now you will notice that an interrogative sentence poses a question and lots of you picked up that actually a question's a really good way to get the audience to think and reflect.

It creates a kind of reflective tone if you like.

So that interrogative sentence can be a really nice way to get your audience to think and reflect.

It poses a question.

And again, it makes the audience feel included, doesn't it? 'Cause you literally are asking them a question.

Okay, and then the declarative sentence was this one: "Women deserve equal rights, opportunities and respect in all aspects of life." Now, a declarative sentence makes a statement or gives information, okay? So it can be expressing opinion or a statement, and you'll notice it sounds credible and authoritative.

So by declaring something you can add to this idea of creating an authoritative and credible tone.

You know, this statement, "Women deserve equal rights, opportunities and respect in all aspects of life" is very authoritative.

And it makes you, as a speaker sound like you know what you are talking about.

You know what you want.

It sounds very definite.

And then finally, an imperative sentence has a different type of tone.

Let's read that sentence.

"Stand up for women's rights now.

Advocate, support and ensure equality for all women." So there's actually two imperative sentences there, and what imperative sentences do is they give a command or instruction, okay? And they usually start with a verb.

So in these examples we've got "stand" and "advocate".

So you can see this kind of imperative sentence being formed there.

And it sounds really commanding, doesn't it? So it's different in its tone to the question because it's much more forceful, it's much more authoritative.

So it can create this really assertive tone because you're not asking your audience, you are not making a statement, you are telling them what you want them to do, you are giving them instructions for how they need to act.

So you can see how using this variety of sentences can subtly create different tones throughout your writing.

Okay, so A, B, or C, can you identify the imperative sentence here, please? Is it A, B, or C? Off you go.

Okay, the imperative sentence is B: "Unite for a world where equality is not just a goal but a reality." So you can see how that imperative sentence starts with that verb "unite", which we know is typical of imperative sentences.

So unite for a world.

And it sounds like it is giving a command or instructions.

I did hear someone say, "it's definitely not A because that's a question." And that's a really good thing to say because A is our interrogative sentence.

So whenever you see a question, we know that it's an interrogative sentence.

So that was a really good bit of detective work for the person that said that.

Well done.

Okay, so we have reached our first practise task, and what I would like you to do is I would like you to rewrite the interrogative sentence into a declarative and an imperative sentence.

So you are changing this sentence into two different sentences, a declarative and an imperative.

So the sentence is this: "Don't all individuals deserve equal rights and opportunities?" And remember that a declarative sentence makes a statement, whereas an imperative sentence gives a command, and we'll need that verb at the start of it, okay? So I'm looking forward to how you transform this interrogative sentence into those two other sentence forms. Okay, are we ready to go? Excellent.

Okay, pause the video and get started.

Okay, well done, everyone.

Lots of you changing the words around and really thinking about how you can make that interrogative sentence into those two other sentences that imperative and declarative.

So well done, excellent transformation skills.

So here are some examples just to compare to your own.

So I've changed it to this imperative sentence, "Ensure that all individuals have equal rights and opportunities." So you can see I've got that "ensure" there to start with.

It sounds very instructive, doesn't it? And my declarative sentence is: "Equal rights and opportunities should be guaranteed for all individuals." So you can see there, I've made a statement, I've put my opinion across in that declarative sentence.

It's, "I've made my statement." We have reached the second part of our lesson, which is all about creating effective anecdotes.

So we're continuing to think about how we can really engage and persuade our audiences.

And one way is by using anecdotes.

So let's keep going.

So an anecdote is a short or interesting story, and I want us to think about how an anecdote can be used to create a specific tone and engage an audience.

So think back to some of the speeches or pieces of persuasive writing you may have seen yourself, okay? So get ready to pause the video to discuss or quietly think to yourself the answer to the question, how might an anecdote be used to create a specific tone and engage your audience? Everyone ready? Great.

Pause the video.

Off you go.

Great.

Some brilliant suggestions there.

And I loved hearing how some of you were drawing on some previous knowledge, so some examples of anecdotes that you have seen in other pieces of writing and speeches.

So that was really great.

Now Andeep has said here that an anecdote can be really useful because it can help create a rapport with the audience and create an inclusive tone.

So we've got some keywords there, haven't we? That rapport.

So it can help create a connection, a rapport with the audience, and create an inclusive tone so that they feel included and part of something.

Okay, great.

Alex has said, "When exploring serious issues, it can be a way to engage your audience." Yeah, that's a really good point because using an anecdote can be a subtle way to really hook your audience in before you start getting to the really serious stuff.

And then finally, they can be an interesting and creative way to illustrate a point or emphasise your message.

And that's a great point there, Sofia.

Used well and crafted well, anecdotes can actually be used to illustrate a point so they can actually help put your message across in an even more effective way and to make a point.

So that's a really, really good point and something that we want to think about as we move through this next part of the lesson.

So anecdotes are useful rhetorical devices, but they need to be crafted.

So we really need to consider what makes an effective anecdote in order to replicate that in our own writing.

So an effective anecdote will: not be too long.

So you may really want to tell the story of the time you did something or experienced something, but you can't go into too much detail because we want to keep our audience engaged.

So they need to be the right length and not too long and rambling.

Okay, we've got to think about the needs of our audience.

And they must link to the subject or the theme of the writing.

So it's important that when crafting your anecdote that you really think about the story that you are making up or creating, how does that link to the subject or the theme? Because you don't want it to be irrelevant because then it won't make a point or emphasise your message.

And then finally, you want your anecdote to illustrate the issue or make a point.

So your anecdote should be crafted almost like evidence.

So here's the issue and here's the story to show that I'm right, to show that what I say is true.

So it's quite a useful way to think of an anecdote as almost like a really engaging piece of evidence.

Okay, so true or false time.

An effective anecdote will not be too long.

Is that true or false? Absolutely, that's true.

We do not want long, rambling anecdotes.

It's only a small part of a persuasive speech.

Okay, now pick A or B.

Ready for the answer? And well done to everyone that said A, it also links to the central theme, illustrates the issues and makes a point.

So like I said, crafting anecdotes takes a bit of practise.

So hopefully by the end of this lesson we'll understand what makes a really good anecdote to include in those persuasive speeches.

So I want us to think about how we structure an anecdote, okay? So first, you want to establish and develop your anecdote.

So this is about setting up and telling your story.

Now remember, this needs to be in the most succinct way possible.

So your persuasive speech isn't about telling a story.

An anecdote is just a small part of your persuasive speech.

So it's about using a short story as part of a bigger piece of writing, okay? So it's important that when we're thinking about establishing and developing an anecdote, that we're keeping it nice and short and snappy.

So a really good way to start this are these sentence starters.

So things like, "Imagine this" or "Picture this, I'm sat at my desk dreaming about dot dot dot," or "Here I am wallowing in this pit of despair when I realise that.

." So you can use these sentence starters to help establish your anecdote.

And they also sound quite dramatic, don't they? Which again, will engage your audience.

So these are a really good way to establish your anecdote and then go on to develop it.

And remember, it needs to be short and succinct.

So "Imagine this.

." and then explain your scenario.

And then your resolution needs to all be about linking to your main theme or viewpoint.

Now a top tip, this is a really good time to use a rhetorical question or direct address.

So when you resolve your story, you start to bring it to a close.

Being able to use a rhetorical question or direct address can then mean that your anecdote makes a point or it challenges your audience or it gets them to think about something.

So things like, "How can we continue knowing that people like me are dot dot dot," for example, or "It's undeniable that," whatever your theme is, "and yet," so you can use the resolution of your anecdote to really link to your main theme to make a point to get your audience thinking.

So hopefully you can start to see how anecdotes can be really useful rhetorical devices if used well.

Now Sam creates this anecdote.

Let's read it together.

"Imagine this: you've spent your whole life training only to find that you'll be paid less, have fewer opportunities and less airtime.

This is a reality for many women in sports.

No multimillion pound sponsorship deals or plush training grounds, only homemade jam sandwiches and rats in the locker rooms. Isn't it time we acknowledge the outdated gender inequality in sports?" Okay, so what has Sam done well? Now what he has done well is: it's not too long, is it? You can see it's actually quite a nice short, succinct story and it gives just enough information to be informative and engaging.

So it talks about, you know, someone training their whole life, then what they found, and I love the details of the homemade jam sandwiches and the rats in the locker rooms. So Sam's been really careful about picking specific details to include in the anecdote to make it interesting and informative and engaging, but not too long.

So I think that's part of the challenge with an anecdote.

It's about including the right details, which Sam has done really well here.

It also links to the theme of gender inequality in sports.

We don't really know what Sam's whole speech is about, but we can guess, can't we? Because he's done it so well here.

We know that it's about gender inequality in sports just by the anecdote.

So he's clearly linked to the subject or theme of the writing very well.

And what he does is he illustrates the issue and makes a point because he offers specific examples.

So the fact that you know, someone has spent their whole life training and they're gonna have, they're gonna be paid less, they're gonna have fewer opportunities and less air time.

Specific example, there's no million pound sponsorship.

So you can see those specific examples really highlight the issues that Sam wants to talk about.

And it also illustrates that point with that rhetorical question at the end.

So Sam's done really well at using that checklist to create an effective anecdote.

Sam has also made some excellent language choices and used rhetorical devices effectively.

I just wanna give you a moment to see if you can spot them, those rhetorical devices and language choices that Sam has used.

Anyone? Yeah, great.

Lots of you have picked up on the rule of three.

So within this anecdote, Sam has also used that rule of three: "only to find that you'll be paid less, have fewer opportunities and less airtime," which is really great.

And that rhetorical question at the end.

But there's actually loads more we could talk about in terms of this anecdote because Sam has just written this fantastically.

Okay, so looking at this checklist, what is missing from this checklist for an effective anecdote? Okay, read it through and tell me what is missing.

Okay.

And the answer is: it not be too long.

So an effective anecdote will not be too long, link to the subject or theme and illustrate the issue or make a point.

Right, we have now reached our second practise task.

In a moment there'll be some statements on the screen.

So you'll need to pick one of these and you are going to write an effective anecdote that explores the issue.

So think about everything that we've looked at this lesson in terms of what makes an effective anecdote.

Think about Sam's lovely example and use that to inform your own writing.

So these are the statements: "Women make up only 24% of STEM employment.

This has to change." "Girls can be gamers too." "The Lionesses prove that women hold an equal place in sports." "A shocking fact: not a single country has achieved gender equality.

It should be a race to be the first." Okay, so once you have selected your statement, you'll then need to write your anecdote and you may want to use the sentence starters to help you, which are here.

And don't forget to try and include some really specific examples to really illustrate your point and to link to your theme, okay? You've got everything you need.

I can't wait to see what you create.

Are we ready to get started? Fantastic.

Okay, pause the video and off you go.

Okay, brilliant.

I love how some of you have really started thinking about how you can craft these anecdotes to make a point, and those use of specific examples and sentence starters just really working well.

So let's look at Laura's work here.

So Laura chooses the statement that girls can be gamers too, and she creates this anecdote: "Here I am," so she's used that sentence starter there.

"Here I am, wallowing in a pit of self pity after being told yet again that girls can't be gamers.

You may be shocked to learn that 41% of gamers are women, but the tragedy is the continued online abuse that women like me continue to suffer.

It's undeniable that I love gaming, but the online world refuses to be an inclusive space." Now this is fantastic, isn't it? And it's clear that Laura has really successfully met this checklist.

It's not too long, it's just a short paragraph.

It definitely links to the subject or theme of the writing.

If we didn't know the statement that Laura had selected, we could easily guess what this is about because she mentions gaming and the issues with it.

And she uses this to, uses her anecdote to illustrate the issue or make a point.

So the point is, is that there are lots of women gamers, but they aren't treated fairly.

And that's really clear in this anecdote, isn't it? And I love that Laura has also started to include some other rhetorical devices.

So she's got a statistic in there as well.

And she used those sentence starters really well.

It's just a really fantastic example of a well-crafted anecdote, and you can imagine this in a persuasive speech being incredibly effective.

So now just check your own work and check that it meets the checklist.

Off you go.

Fantastic work, everyone.

Thank you so much.

I've loved seeing you use those different sentence types to create a subtle change of tone in your writing and how you've started crafting anecdotes that will be fantastic in your persuasive speeches.

So really, really great work.

Let's just remind ourselves of everything that we have looked at so that we know when expressing a viewpoint in a persuasive piece of writing, it's important to create a rapport with the audience.

Considering your tone can help to engage and persuade your audience.

Using a range of sentence types, so those interrogative, declarative and imperative sentences can create subtle changes of tone throughout your writing.

Anecdotes are a useful way to engage your audience, and we now know that an effective anecdote will not be too long and link to your viewpoint.

Okay, again, thank you so much for your hard work and I can't wait to do it all again in another lesson.

So I hope to see you all soon.

Goodbye.