Hello, and thank you for joining me today.

I'm Mrs. Butterworth, and today's lesson is all about opening and closing a speech with impact, 'cause these are really very important things, aren't they? We need to make sure our openings really engage and hook the audience in and that the closings really pack a punch, that they're impactful.

So we're gonna look at lots of ways that we can make that happen today, sound good? Great, let's get started.

So in this lesson, you will craft an effective opening and closing paragraph for a persuasive speech.

Let's look at those key words that are gonna help with our lesson today.

You may even see them pop up throughout.

These words are impactful, compelling, viewpoint, reinforce, and establish.

So we've got these words impactful and compelling here, and this is what we want our writing to be.

We want it to be impactful, so memorable and significant, and we also want it to be compelling, so it's convincing and intention grabbing.

So we want to think of our writing like this.

We're also going to be expressing a viewpoint.

So this will be your opinion or perspective or something.

You also see this word reinforce pop up, and we're going to think about how we can strengthen or further support something.

So reinforce our ideas or our viewpoints.

And then finally, establish, this will be an important word when we're thinking about our introductions because we want to establish our viewpoint, and this means to set up, create or clearly introduce something.

So in our speech we'll want to establish our argument or our viewpoint from the get go.

Okay, let's keep going.

So our lesson looks like this today.

We're going to start by writing an interesting opening and then we're going to finish on creating an impactful ending.

So let's start with those interesting openings.

So I'd like you to discuss when writing a persuasive speech, you must maintain a serious and sombre tone throughout.

How far do you agree with this statement? Pause the video so you've got time to come up with your opinions, or you may just wish to sit quietly and think to yourself.

Okay, pause the video and off you go.

Okay, interesting, let's share some feedback.

So one of our pupils here is sort of sitting in the middle of that agree, disagree line.

And she says, "I think it depends on the subject.

However, being too serious and sombre may not engage the audience." So I think that's a really key point here.

It depends on the subject.

However, I think yes, if you are too serious, you can maybe put your audience off.

So it's about finding that balance and considering the nature of your subject.

And then another statement here from Sam, and Sam has says, "When writing persuasively, you need to consider how you are going to hook your audience in.

So changes in tone, for example, from morbid to uplifting can help you get your message across in an effective way." And I think that's a really key point here.

Yes, you'll have a serious point to make and you want people to take action, but sometimes the best way to do this is to change tone.

Maybe be a bit more uplifting and humorous alongside those most serious and morbid moments.

And we're gonna look a little bit at that today throughout this lesson and how we can achieve that.

We're going to look at a model introduction.

So let's read through the introduction together first before we start considering some questions.

So let's read it through.

"1928, the Representation Of People Act, a historic date for women, a historic date for humanity.

Finally, after years of demonstrations and decades of disruption, women were being seen as equals.

Yet despite this moment in herstory, the presence sees a wave of backlash against gender equality.

As the tide turns, we risk losing everything we have collectively fought for.

It is not quite time to step back, we must all step up!" So I'd like you to discuss what tone is created in this introduction and what sentence types and rhetorical devices are used to hook the audience in.

So you'll need to pause a video to give yourself time to consider those questions, discuss them or think quietly to yourself.

Okay, pause the video, off you go.

Okay, so let's share some feedback.

Hopefully you came up with some of the same things.

So let's have a look.

So you may have discussed how the introduction creates an urgent and compelling tone.

So it's really engaging, it's really impactful, and this emphasises the importance of the issue and grabs the audience's attention.

It really is quite attention grabbing, isn't it? And you may have commented on the use of a short declarative sentence at the start, the short declarative sentence, which specifies the date because it's really intriguing, isn't it? 1928, and it really establishes what the speech is about, also showing how the topic is a historical issue, it's been going on a long time.

And you also notice in the start with these declarative sentences, the writer has also included repetition.

And this really creates a rhythmic emphasis and reinforces the message.

So it's a historic date for women, a historic date for humanity.

So you can see how that really engages and hooks the audience in.

Some of you may have picked up that the introduction uses an extended metaphor.

So it uses this metaphor of the sea.

So you see here it says about a wave of backlash and as the tide turns.

And what's clever about using this in the introduction of the speech is that actually this could be used throughout the speech.

So you could make some other references to the sea throughout to create that cohesion.

So that's a really interesting way to start your speech.

And you may have noticed that the urgent tone is continued with the use of modal verbs, e.

g.

must, "It is not quite time to step up, we must all step up." So you can see it's very urgent.

It's really establishing what the speaker wants from their audience.

And it says here, "The last sentence clearly established what the writer wants.

So it's very impactful, very clear, very urgent.

Okay, so let's see what you remember.

A historic date for humanity is an example of A, B, or C.

Okay, who's feeling confident? Excellent, okay, the answer is B, it is a declarative sentence because it's declaring something, it's making a statement, isn't it? And that's how we identify our declarative sentences.

Something to consider is that even when writing about a serious issue, you may wish to incorporate a lighthearted or humorous tone to engage your audience.

So it's up to you to decide how appropriate that would be.

If the issue is really serious, you may want to not include a humorous tone, but it's something that you can consider.

So in a moment, I'm going to show you some examples of some developed ideas from the previous introduction.

And I'd like you to consider how these ideas from the previous opening have been developed to create humorous tone.

So let's just look at the examples to show you what I mean.

So however, like the persistent buzzing of a mosquito in a quiet room, the backlash against gender inequality has started humming again, like the badly written ending of a Netflix series, the resurgence of gender discrimination is setting up for another season of gender inequality.

So I want you to discuss what do you notice in these two examples? How have the ideas from the previous opening been developed to create humorous tone? So pause a video so you've got time to discuss your ideas or just sit quietly and think to yourself, off you go.

Okay, great stuff, lots of you noticed that these are similes.

So the use of similes creates an unexpected comparison and emphasises the issue.

So you know, this idea of like the persistent buzzing of a mosquito, it shows how annoying the issue is and how persistent the issue is.

So that comparison really helps to hook your audience in and it creates a humorous tone, but it does not deflect from the serious issue.

It actually illustrates the point further because you've got this interesting comparison, this point of reference for your audience.

So using a similarly like this can be a really interesting way to hook your audience in.

It's tricky and it's difficult to master, but with practise you can definitely get the hang of it.

So true or false time, you maintain a sombre tone throughout your persuasive writing and not use devices like similes.

Hmm, is that true or false? Okay, so thinking about what we have just looked at, absolutely that answer is false.

Okay, can you justify your answer by picking A or B? Excellent, okay, the answer is as long as the purpose is consistent, shifting tones can be engaging.

So I think that's really key.

As long as you stick to your viewpoint, your message and the purpose to persuade, you can shift tones to engage your audience.

In a moment, we will start our first practise task.

But first I just want to introduce the task and give us an opportunity to think about our ideas before we do it.

So the task will be you are going to pick a statement as a focus for your speech, and then you are going to write an interesting opening.

So the statements look like this.

So in a moment you'll need to pick one.

Women make up only 24% of STEM employment.

This has to change.

Girls can be gamers too.

The lioness prove that women hold an equal place in sports.

A shocking fact, not a single country has achieved gender equality.

It should be a race to be the first.

So start thinking about which statement you are going to pick as a focus for your speech.

And then what I'm going to ask you to do is I'm going to ask you to discuss how you are going to hook your audience in.

So thinking about all of those things that we have looked at so far, what are you going to include in yours? So you may want to think about short declarative sentences or repetition, perhaps some modal verbs.

You may even attempt an extended metaphor or a simile to create that kind of interesting lighthearted tone.

So in a moment you'll need to pause the video so you can discuss how you are going to hook your audience in using some of those specific features.

So get ready to pause the video so you've got time to discuss, think about your ideas quietly, or you may wish to jot some ideas down.

Okay, off you go.

Excellent, thank you, some really interesting ideas there.

I love that some of you have started to think about tone as well and how you can use some of these features to create an urgent tone or a lighthearted tone.

So that's really great.

So I've got some of my pupils here to share with you their answers.

So Sam has said that they're going to use some modal verbs to create an urgent and compelling tone, excellent, and that Sam is going to try an extended metaphor too.

I'm writing about football so will use that.

So let's look at Sam's example.

So Sam said they're going to use modal verbs and an extended metaphor.

"We must kick age old stereotypes into the past.

We must take control of the game now! It is time to shift the goalposts." What a fantastic way to start a speech.

And I think what's great here is how Sam has taken the idea of football and actually created an extended metaphor with that and used those modal verbs.

Excellent, really hooks the audience in.

Okay, Alex has said that he is going to use an impactful first sentence and repetition, excellent, because he wants to emphasise the sporting achievements of women.

And this is what he's come up with.

"The 31st of July, 2022, Wembley.

A historic date for football, a historic date for women everywhere.

The game was changed." This is a really great example of those short, impactful sentences, I love the use of the date and that repetition of, "A historic date for football, a historic date for women everywhere." So this is something you may want to consider in your own writing.

And then finally, Aisha is going to try something challenging.

So she's set herself the challenge of using a simile, and this is what she's come up with.

"Like the final level of 'Tetris,' gender equality may seem a long way from being completed, but with more and more women turning into gaming, it is time to make the online realm a safe place IRL," and then in brackets, "In real life." So you can see what I love here about Aisha, she's obviously chosen the gaming statement and she's used that simile to reference gaming and some of that gaming terminology with like IRL.

So it's a really clever simile and you can see how that will really hook the audience in and engage them.

So there's lots of ideas there and lots of different ways you can approach this task to create something really engaging.

So you've had time to discuss, we've looked at the statements and you know the sorts of things that you should be including in your opening.

So it's over to you to pick a statement and then write your interesting opening.

Once you're ready, pause the video and complete the task, off you go.

Excellent, great, I love how some of you're really challenging yourself to try things like extended metaphors and similes, as well as some of those other rhetorical devices.

Now, Jacob has offered to share his work, so thank you, Jacob.

And Jacob wants to self-assess his work.

So what he does is he creates this reflection statement considering the choices he has made and the effects created.

And this is a really good thing to do with your own work to really reflect and think about the choices you have made and what you have done.

So Jacob has said that he's, "Effectively used a simile to illustrate my point and create a humorous tone.

I also used declarative sentences to establish my viewpoint from the outset of my speech." So this is a really great example of Jacob explaining what he has used and how he has used those devices, those sentence types in his own work.

So I'd like you to do the same.

So use the sentence starters to create your own reflection statement.

Okay, pause the video so you've got time to complete that statement, off you go.

Okay, fantastic, so we are at the second part of our lesson already.

So we've considered our interesting openings, and now we need to think about how we're going to finish our speeches with a bang, how we can create a really impactful ending.

So let's keep going.

So first, let's think about this.

What is the aim of the ending of a persuasive speech? What should the ending of a persuasive speech do? Okay, pause the video so you can discuss, think about your ideas or even jot something down.

Okay, are we ready? Pause the video now.

Great, excellent, let's just share some of those fab ideas.

So the ending of your persuasive speech presents the last opportunity to influence your audience, doesn't it? So if you haven't already grabbed them and persuaded them, now's the time to do it.

We want to reinforce your point of view, leaving them with a strong message that they can take forward.

So this is your last point to really get your viewpoint across and really reinforce what it is you are trying to say.

And finally, at the end of your persuasive speech, your audience should know exactly how to help or what to think or feel.

They may be inspired to take action even.

So it's that last point where you can really look at your audience and say, "This is what I want and this is what we're going to do." So one way to end your speech in an impactful way is to use a call to action.

And this is where you clearly tell the audience a role they can play after they have heard your speech.

Now usually they use concise, persuasive language and they create a sense of urgency to motivate the audience.

So Emma Watson's "HeForShe" speech, is an excellent speech and she uses a call to action really effectively at the end.

So let's look at it here.

"I'm inviting you to step forward, to be seen, to speak up, to be the he for she, and to ask yourself, if not me, who? If not now, when?" So I'd like you to discuss, can you identify the call to action in Emma Watson's speech and how has she created an urgent and motivational tone? Okay, pause the video so you've got time to read that ending again and to discuss those questions.

Okay, pause the video and off you go.

Okay, fantastic, I love how lots of you have also noted the use of rhetorical questions.

You know, it's very clear, isn't it? What she wants people to do.

She wants them to step forward and to speak up.

So she's used those verbs to really kind of emphasise what it is she wants.

So you can see how this urgent and motivational tone is being created in her use of language.

And that call to action there is clear what she wants to happen.

Okay, so we have two pupils' work here.

We have Andeep, A, and Sofia, B.

They have both written and ending for their speeches.

Let's read them through together.

"I'm calling upon all of you to step up, to shine the light and to raise your voice.

Ask yourself, if not me, then who? If not now, then when?" Let's read Sofia's, "Humans have been alive for millions of years.

We need to start living harmoniously and together.

We could be gone in a breath." Okay, so which pupil, A or B, has successfully used a call to action? Okay, it's tricky that one, isn't it? Because they're both very good endings.

However, it is in fact Andeep that has used that call to action.

So now can you explain what makes Andeep's call to action effective? So you'll notice that he's used similar language to Emma Watson, hasn't he? And he is got that rhetorical action, but it's also really clear.

"I'm calling upon all of you to shine a light and raise a voice," so it's clear what he wants his audience to do.

So it is using those verbs, "Calling upon you to step up, shine a light," it's very clear, it's very impactful, it's very persuasive.

So the other thing that we can think about in the ending of a speech is mirroring, and mirroring is a really effective way to do this.

So this is where you repeat and develop words, phrases, or ideas from the start of your speech at the end.

And what this can do is it can really reinforce your viewpoint and argument and perhaps even more importantly, create a really cohesive structure.

It kind of just brings everything together nicely.

So we're going to look at Emma Watson's "HeForShe" speech again.

So look at the beginning, it goes like this.

"Today we're launching a campaign called HeForShe.

I'm reaching out to you because I need your help.

We need to end gender inequality and to do that, we need everyone to be involved." So nice, clear introduction then, and here's the ending.

"I'm inviting you to step forward, to be seen, to speak up, to be the he for she, and to ask yourself, if not me, who? If not now, when?" So can you identify where Watson has mirrored her language and ideas? You may wish to pause a video so you can just think about this quietly to yourself.

Okay, so you may have noticed, at the start she says she's launching the HeForShe.

And then she says, "I'm inviting you," at the end, "To be the he for she." So you can see how those two ideas, so she's launching and now she's asking them to do this, launching the he for she, you are going to be he for she.

So you can see how that language and that phrasing has been mirrored there to kind of bring everything together.

So she's outlined her purpose at the beginning, and then she's outlined what she wants to have at the end using similar language.

Okay, so mirroring is where, can you complete the sentence by selecting A, B, or C? Okay, who's feeling confident? Okay, and the answer is B, that's right.

You repeat and develop an idea from the start of your writing at the end.

So we have reached our second and final practise task.

Well done, everyone, you have worked so well so far, but let's keep it going, okay, that final push.

What I would like you to do is I'd like you to write an impactful ending for your speech.

So you may want to look at your introduction from task A to help you.

Remember your closing should reinforce your viewpoint and leave your audience thinking.

So you should include some of the following, a call to action, so think about how Emma Watson did that, those short imperative sentences.

You may include some rhetorical questions and you may have a go at mirroring.

Okay, so there's lots for you to think about and to include to make those really impactful endings.

Okay, pause the video so you've got time to complete this task, off you go.

Excellent, I love how you've all chosen different ways to end your speeches, but they're all equally impactful.

So whether you have decided to use a call to action or some rhetorical questions, or those short imperative sentences, you've all started to use them to craft these really impactful closing statements, so well done.

So Jun wants to self-assess his work.

So like earlier he creates of this reflection statement, considering the choices he has made and the effects created.

So again, like I said at the start of this lesson, this is a really good thing to do for your own work because you can start to see ways to improve what you have done well and potentially the effects that you have tried to create, have you been successful? So here's Jun's reflection sentence.

"By using a call to action, I effectively created an urgent and motivational tone that galvanises my audience to take action.

I made sure it used concise and persuasive language." So a great reflective sentence there, reflection sentence.

And I'd like you to do the same now.

So use those sentence starters to create your own reflection statement based on your impactful ending.

Pause the video so you've got time to do this.

Excellent work, everyone, isn't that great? We've got an opening and a closing to our speeches and we know how to really engage, hook our audience in and really leave them knowing exactly what to do or even take action.

So what have we done this lesson? So we know that it is important to consider how the tone of a speech opening will engage the audience and establish a viewpoint.

We know that an introduction should hook your audience in regardless of the topic.

The ending of your speech presents the last opportunity to influence your audience.

And at the end of your persuasive speech, your audience should know exactly how to help or what to think or feel.

And we also know that using rhetorical devices can elevate your opening and closing paragraphs.

So well done, everyone.

We have done a lot today and you have worked fantastically.

So let's do this all again soon in another lesson.

I can't wait to see you then.

Okay, then, goodbye.