Hello, my name's Mrs. Hopper, and I'm really happy to be working with you in this unit on personal finance.

So what do we mean by personal finance? Well, it's all about us and our money.

So we're going to be thinking about money in different ways, thinking about how we get money, what we can do with money, and how money makes us feel.

So you ready to learn a bit about money? Let's get started.

In this lesson, we're going to be thinking about combining coins and notes to create different amounts.

So we're going to be thinking about the different ways that we can make amounts of money using coins and notes.

Let's have a look and see what we're going to be talking about in our lesson.

So here are our keywords.

I'm going to take my turn to say them and then it'll be your turn.

So are you ready? My turn, coin.

Your turn.

My turn, note.

Your turn.

My turn, value.

Your turn.

My turn, total.

Your turn.

Well done.

I'm sure you've used these words before, but they're going to be important in our lesson, so listen out for them and think about what they mean as we go through the lesson.

So our lesson has two parts.

In the first part, we're going to be finding the total value.

And in the second part, we're going to think about paying for things efficiently.

So let's make a start on part one.

And we've got Andeep and Laura helping us out today.

Andeep has these coins.

Can you see? He's got a 1p, a 10p, and a 20p coin.

He says, "Let's work out the total amount of money that I have." Hmm.

I wonder how we're going to start doing that.

Laura says, "Let's start with the largest value coin to make it easier." So what's the largest value coin there? That's right, it's the 20p.

So we're gonna to start with the 20p, then add the 10p, and add the 1p.

And 20 add 10, two tens.

Add one 10 is equal to three tens.

That's 30p.

Plus another 1p is 31p.

So Andeep has 31p.

Ooh.

He's got these coins now, he's found some extra ones.

He's got a 1p, a 2p, a 5p, a 10p, a 20p, and a 50p.

Do you notice? He's got one of each of the pence coins, hasn't he? He says, "I'm going to buy a banana." There's our banana.

It costs 27p.

And Laura says, "Can you make the exact cost of the banana?" Can he do that with his coins? You might want to have a think about that before we share our thinking.

Let's have a look.

He can, can't he? 20p plus 5p plus 2p is equal to 27p.

So he's got 20p and then he's got five and two more.

That's 7p, so he's got 27p, and he can pay exactly for his banana.

Laura's got the same set of coins as well.

Again, one of each of our pence coins.

She says, "I'm going to buy an apple." The apple costs 39p.

Andeep says, "Which coins do you need to make the exact cost?" Hmm, do you want to have a think about that before we share our thinking? Well, we've got 20 plus 10 plus 5 plus 2 plus 1, so all the coins that are less than 50p, and they add up to 38p.

Laura says, "Oh no, I can't buy the apple." The apple costs is 39p.

Is that right? Can she not buy the apple? Can you think of something else you could do? Ah, that's right, yes.

Andeep says, "You could use the 50p coin and get change." 50 pence is more than 39 pence.

So Laura would get some money back as change because she'd given too much money.

So sometimes we can pay with the exact amount of money, making it from our coins, and sometimes we don't have the exact amount of money and we have to give a higher value and get some change.

But Laura can still buy her apple.

Time to check your understanding now.

Again, Andeep's got one of each of the pence coins and there's three things that he'd like to think about buying.

Which items could he buy using the exact money with those coins? He says, "I can only use a coin once to make each different total." So pause the video, have a go, and when you're ready for some feedback, press play.

How did you get on? Which can he buy with the exact money? Well, 23p he can.

He can use a 20p, a 2p, and a 1p.

So he can pay for the 23p orange with the exact money.

What about the slice of pizza? It's 74p.

Hmm.

No, he can't, can he? To make 4p, we'd either need another 2p coin, 2p and 2p, or we'd need another 1p coin, 2p add 1p add 1p.

Otherwise, we can't make the 4p.

But he could pay 75p and he could get some change.

And what about the final one? 85p? Yes, he could.

50 plus 20 plus 10, five tens plus two tens plus another 10 is eight tens.

And then the 5p, so 85p, he could use all the silver coloured coins and that would be 85p.

Well done if you worked those out.

Andeep has a five pound note and some coins.

He asks us to work out the total amount of money that he has.

Again, Laura says we can start with the largest value to make it easier.

So that five pound note and then the two pounds, and then the one pound, they're in the right order, aren't they in the picture? Five pounds plus two pounds plus one pound, five plus two plus one is equal to eight.

So he's got eight pounds in total.

Time for you to do some practise now.

Can you match up the total value shown with the notes and coins to the toy which costs that much money? And in question two, you're going to work out the total value each time.

Now we've talked about starting with the largest coin, but Laura says, "Should you always start with the largest value coin?" Are there any where you spotted something else that you would do first, I wonder? Pause the video, have a go at those tasks, and when you're ready for some feedback, press play.

How did you get on? So A was five pounds plus two pounds plus three one-pound coins, so five pounds plus two is seven pounds, eight, nine, that was 10 pounds, and that was how much the car cost at the bottom.

In B, we had five pounds plus two pounds plus two pounds, so five plus two is seven plus another two is nine, that's nine pounds, and that's the cost of the panda.

In C, we had five pounds plus two one-pound coins, that's seven pounds, that's the cost of the penguin.

And for D, we had five pounds plus two pounds plus two pounds plus two pounds.

There's lots of two pounds.

Two pounds, four pounds, that's six pounds.

Six plus five.

Well, that's like five plus five plus another one, isn't it? And that's 11 pounds and that's how much the rocket costs.

So well done if you matched all of those up together.

And in question two, you had to find the total value.

Well, there are those values.

The total value of A was 14p, but Laura spotted that there was a double in there.

Two 2p coins.

Double two is four, so we know that's 4p, 4p plus 10p is 14p.

So you might have spotted the double there.

In B, the total was 27p.

In C, it was 31p.

In D, it was 65p.

In E, it was 71p.

And in F, it was 45p.

And again, we've got another double there.

20 add 20.

Well, double two is four, so double two tens must be four tens.

Double 20 is 40 plus five is 45p.

Well done if you've got all those right.

And well done if you spotted our doubles as well.

And on into the second part of our lesson.

This time, we're going to be looking at using coin combinations.

So Laura has these six coins.

So again, she's got all the pence coins, hasn't she? She says, "I have one of each coin less than one pound." That's right, so she hasn't got a one pound or a two pound coin, but she's got all the other coins that we usually use.

Andeep says, "I wonder what totals you can make with the coins." Well, we've looked at some already, haven't we? But I wonder what else we could make.

Laura wonders which values up to 99p she can make with these six coins.

Hmm, I wonder as well.

Andeep says, "You can make all of them.

To make 99p, just use 99 one penny coins." Well, yup, that would work, Andeep, wouldn't it? But Laura says, "But I only have one penny coin, not 99 of them." Ah, Laura's thinking about just using these six coins, just one of each.

So which values can and cannot be made using only these six coins? Hmm, let's have a think.

Andeep tries to make a total of 36p.

He says, "What's the largest value coin I could use first?" Well, Laura says, "Start with the 20p.

The 50p coin is too large a value." So 20p is the largest coin we can start with.

We want to make 36p.

He says, "Then I could use a 10p.

20 add 10 is equal to 30p.

And then five add one is equal to six," so he's made his 36p.

20p plus 10p plus 5p plus 1p is equal to 36p.

Andy makes a total of 63p.

He says, "Have I found the correct answer?" Pause the video, have a think.

And when you're ready for some feedback, press play.

What did you think? He has found 63p, hasn't he? But can you remember the rules that Laura said? She says, "Sorry, Andeep, you used the 20p coin three times." Andeep says, "Well, is it possible to make 63p using each coin only once?" Think back to the coins that they've got.

Pause the video again.

See if you can make 63p just using one of each coin.

How did you get on? Did you manage to do it? Yes, it was possible.

You could start with a 50p.

That was the biggest value we could use.

That's less than 63p.

So starting with a 50p coin, we can add another 10p coin for 60p and then a 2p and a 1p, so 63p.

And we've only used each coin once.

Andeep thinks about how to investigate this further.

He says, "I'm going to try making some different totals using the coins." He's made 56p, he's made 32p, and he's made 17p.

"What do you think?" says Laura "Is Andeep thinking carefully about his method?" Is he going to be able to keep track of all the totals he's made? Remember they were trying to make everything up to 99p, weren't they? Laura has some advice for Andeep.

She says, "Work systematically." So organise your work better.

Start with a small total and work up from there.

Andeep says, "I'll start at 10p." So there's his 10p coin.

That's easy.

What will be next? 11p is a 10 and a 1p.

12p, a 10p and a 2p coin.

Ah, so he's working up adding 1p at a time.

That's a good idea, I think, isn't it? Over to you to have a go.

You are going to try and find out which totals can be made using these coins.

Andeep says, "A good place to start could be 1p," or maybe 10p where he started, or 20p, or even 70p.

And then Laura says, "Work up or down, trying to find every total." This looks like a big investigation, doesn't it? I wonder which totals cannot be made using these coins.

Now, there's a table that you can use to help you.

So your total and then the coins needed.

And then you've got space to do it twice along a row.

So maybe using the table and using Laura's advice to start somewhere and work up or down from that starting point, you could have a look at which amounts you can make and find out which amounts cannot be made.

Pause the video, have a go at investigating, and when you're ready for some feedback, press play.

How did you get on? Did you enjoy that? We enjoyed it.

Look, here are some possible answers we got.

We started at 1p and we got 1p and then 2p, which was 2p coin.

And then 3p was a 2p and a 1p coin.

And then, oh, we found out that 4p wasn't possible.

And then we made 5p, 6p, 7p, and 8p, but 9p wasn't possible either.

And we also found out that 14p wasn't possible and that 19p wasn't possible.

Hmm, I wonder if there's something to spot there.

Andeep says, "You cannot make 4p because you need two 2p coins or another 1p coin to make it with a 2p and two 1ps." And Laura says, "You can't make 40p either because you need either two 20p coins or a 20 and two 10p coins." So you can't make 4ps and 40ps.

And that means you also can't make 9p and 90p because you need a four to add on to a five to make nine because we don't have 6p and 3p coins and we don't have a 7p coin and we don't have a 9p coin, so you need a 5p coin and then 4p.

Or if you're making 90p, you'd need a 50p coin and two 20p coins.

So you might have found that all the totals that involved a four in the ones column or a four in the tens column or a nine in the ones column and a nine in the tens column was impossible to make just using those six coins.

I hope you had fun investigating.

And we've come to the end of our lesson.

So what have we been thinking about today? Well, we've been combining coins and notes to make different totals.

And we've discovered that we can pay efficiently, so it's efficient to pay for items using fewer coins or notes.

And when making a given value, it's often more efficient to start the coins or notes with the greatest value when you can.

I hope you've enjoyed exploring different ways of combining coins and notes today, and I hope I get to work with you again soon.

Bye-bye.