Lesson video

Hello everyone, and welcome to our geography lesson today.

My name is Miss Harrison, and we are learning all about the geography of Brazil in this unit.

Now, in our previous lesson, we had a look at some of the most famous cities in Brazil.

And today we are going to focus in on one of those cities and what it might be like to live there for different people living in the city.

And you might have guessed it from the image behind me, the city that we're going to focus on today is Rio de Janeiro.

And you can see the landscape behind me of the city being surrounded by mountains, as well as the sea.

Remember, we looked at the famous beach there and one of the famous mountains in the city, in our previous lesson.

So today we are going to be thinking about how experiences within Rio differ.

And that means how people's lives might be different depending on where they live in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

So let's get started.

In our lesson today, we are going to recap the seven continents of the world.

You guys are getting so good at that now.

We are going to locate Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Then we're going to do a bit of a case study.

That means we're going to look closely at the city of Rio de Janeiro, and what it's like for people that live there.

And we're going to think about how different people living in the city have different experiences.

And often this is due to the money that they might have.

So people that have more money might have a slightly different living experience than people that have less money.

And that's what we're going to be focusing on today.

Now, before we begin our lesson, you are going to need these things for our lessons.

So you will need some paper or a notepad to write down, to write your notes and activities down.

You will need a pen or a pencil to write with, and you guessed it, you need your magical geography brain, which I know you all have.

So if you're missing a pen or a paper, pause the video now, so you can go and get one.

Okay, we're ready to begin.

So my first challenge for you today is all about those seven continents of the world.

Now I'm going to make it a little bit trickier for you today.

Rather than showing you the whole map, I'm going to show you each continent based on its shape.

So see if you can name them based on their shape.

So pause the video for each one and write down the names of the continents that you see.

So here are your first two.

Have a look at those continents carefully and write down the name of continent A and continent B.

Off you go.

Okay, let's see if you manage to guess those, continent A and continent B.

So our first one, continent A, was South America.

Give yourself a big tick if you got that right.

If you didn't, you can fix it now with your pen or pencil.

And South America is the continent that we are focusing on at the moment, because it's where Brazil is located.

Then could you recognise continent B? It was Africa.

Give yourself a big tick if you got that correct.

Well done.

Okay, I've got another two continents for you now.

Have a look at continent C and continent D.

Pause the video and write down the name of each continent.

Okay, let's see if you managed to identify these ones correctly.

So continent C was Asia.

Congratulations if you got that right.

Give yourself a big tick or fix it if you didn't get it right this time.

Then we have continent D which was Australia.

Again, big tick if you've got it right, or fix it if you need to.

Okay, so we've covered four of those continents.

We've got three left to identify.

So have a look at your next two, which are these continents, pause the video now and have a go at writing the name of each one.

Okay, let's see if you got that correct.

So we had continent E, which was North America.

Give yourself a tick if you got it right.

And then continent F is quite a tricky one, I think, because it's at the very south of our planet.

So often it looks slightly different on a map.

And this one is Antarctica, Give yourself a tick if you have got that correct, or fix it if you need to.

And that just leaves one continent left.

I wonder if you can guess which one or if you already know which one it's going to be.

Have a look at this continent and write down its name.

Okay, let's see if we got this last one.

And it was Europe.

Congratulations if you got that correct.

Give yourself a big tick.

Well done team.

You are doing so well at learning all of these continents of the world.

So give yourself a big pat on the back already.

Fantastic work.

Now you might remember that Europe is the continent where we live here in the UK, but we're not looking at Europe today.

We are going to go back over to South America.

And I wonder if you can remember those South American countries.

We had a go in our last lesson, at writing down as many as you can remember.

I want you to see how many you can remember and write down this week.

See if you can get more than you did in last lesson.

Have a go.

Okay, let's see how many you managed to remember and write down today.

So we have going from the bottom on the right-hand side, we have Argentina and then we have Uruguay, then Paraguay, followed by Brazil, which is the country that we are focusing on in this unit.

Then we have above Brazil, French Guyana, which remember isn't a country by itself, but is a territory of France.

Then we have Suriname and Guyana at the very north of the continent.

And going over to the west side, we have Venezuela, and then underneath that, we have Columbia.

Then going further south, we have Ecuador and Peru, and then Bolivia and Chile right in the south.

I wonder how many you managed to remember today.

I wonder if you managed to beat your score from last week.

If there are any that you couldn't remember today, pause the video and see if you can write them down now.

Fantastic work, everybody.

Okay, so now we are going to focus in on the country of Brazil, and we're going to look at a case study of a particular city in Brazil.

And we looked at the city last week and it's Rio de Janeiro.

So it's one of Brazil's most famous cities.

Now, just to recap what we know about Rio.

Rio de Janeiro is a very large city with over 13 million people living there, and like any city around the world, the experiences of people living in Rio are very different.

Now we know that in recent years, lots of people have moved to Rio to find work.

So lots of people have moved from maybe more rural areas in the countryside of Brazil to big cities like Rio de Janeiro to find jobs.

Now that means that the population of the city is ever growing.

So there are more people living there each year, but this can become a slight problem because there are not always enough houses for people to live in.

So lots of people are coming to the city to find jobs and to find work, but there aren't always enough houses for people to live in.

Now, the city itself can't really grow or get bigger because of its physical geography.

So there are mountains to the north of the city, like the mountains you can see behind me, and then there's the sea to the south and the east.

So the city can't get any bigger because it's blocked on one side by the mountains and on the other side by the sea.

Now sadly, this can cause quite a lot of poverty, and poverty means when people don't have enough money or don't have the resources to buy the things that they need, like food or medical care and things like that.

So the residents of Rio de Janeiro have very different experiences based on how much money they have.

So if we look at one particular area of Rio de Janeiro, this is the central business district, and some people that live here have higher paid jobs.

That means that they earn more money for the jobs that they do.

And they might live in high class residential areas, such as some of the ones you can see in the images.

They're often found near the beaches like Copacabana Beach.

Now apartments in this area of the city are very expensive and lots of people that live there are wealthy business workers that work in the business district of the city.

Now, many of these high rise apartments, that means kind of skyscraper buildings, have 24-hour security and have armed guards on them.

And that's because the residents, some people that live there, are fearful and worried about the risk of violence and theft due to the high levels of unemployment and poverty in the city.

So if you live in this area, around the central business district and the Copacabana Beach, then you might live in a tall skyscraper in quite a wealthy and quite a fancy flat or house like the ones that you can see in the pictures here.

However, not everybody can afford to live in a place like this.

So, many people that don't have well paying jobs can't afford to live in those skyscrapers or in those kinds of high rise, fancy apartments.

So many people arriving in the city of Rio de Janeiro to look for work can't find housing to live in because there are more people than there are housing.

So they often live in areas called favelas.

Now favelas are found on the edge of the city of Rio de Janeiro, close to the industry where lots of people look for work when they arrive, and many are located in the steep hills around the city.

So if you have a look at the pictures on the screen, you can see that a lots of the houses and buildings are built on a slope, so on the steep hills surrounding the city, because this might be the only land that's available for people to build on when they arrive.

Now, many of the favelas began as camps, where people built houses out of the materials that they could find.

So they might not always be built out of bricks or answer the materials that we might build houses out of here in the UK.

And lots of these places, especially when they first started popping up, lots of these favelas and these communities didn't always have things like electricity or running water.

So definitely very, very different to the central business district that we looked at previously.

Now, some favelas do now have these things, some of them have running water and electricity and people do different jobs.

However, some people living there still struggle to access things like schools and education, as well as healthcare or doctors or hospitals.

And this is different to the people living in the richer part of the city because there are lots of schools and hospitals and medicines available in those more fancy and more wealthy parts of the city.

Some people that live in the favelas struggle to find jobs that pay well.

And so some people live on as little as one pound per day for their salary, which is not very much money if we think about it here in the UK.

So the experiences of people living in the different parts of the city might be different.

Now we're going to think about those differences.

So I'm going to show you some statements in a moment, and I want you to tell me if they describe life in the business district or in the favelas.

So on your paper in front of you, I want you to draw a line down the middle so that you have two columns.

One is going to be with the title, Life in the Business District.

And another one is going to be Life in the Favelas.

So pause the video now, and draw out those two columns with those two different titles.

Okay, now you've got your columns drawn in your book.

I want you to have a look at the statements on the screen, and I want you to think about whether they describe life in the city, in the business district, or life in the favelas.

So I'm going to read the statements out to you.

Have a think about which part of Rio de Janeiro these apply to.

So number one, there are tall skyscrapers here.

Number two, there is not much public transport here.

Number three, some people do not have access to health care.

Number four, many houses and flats have security.

Number five, people often have higher paying jobs.

And number six, people often have lower paying jobs.

So I would like you to pause the video now, have a look at those statements, and write them in the correct column.

So are they more likely in the central business district of the city, or are they more likely in the favelas? Read the sentences and write them in the correct column.

Pause the video and have a go.

Okay, hopefully you've got those sentences written down in each column.

Let's see where you put them, and I'll show you where I would put each of those statements.

So statement number one was that there are tall skyscrapers here.

Now you would find those in the business district.

So I put it in that column.

Give yourself a tick if you've got it in the right place.

The second statement was that there is not much public transport here, and that would be more likely in the favelas.

There's not as much public transport in the hills and in the favelas, as there is down in the business district of the city.

Give yourself a tick if you got it right.

Our third statement was that some people struggle to access health care, and that would go in the favelas section.

So some people living in the favelas, not everybody, but some people struggle to access health care like doctors and hospitals.

Now statement number four was that some apartments have security.

And that would go in the business district section.

So many houses and flats have security.

Then we are thinking about statement number five, which is people often have higher paying jobs and that would go in the business district.

And then our final statement, people often have lower paying jobs would probably go in the favela section.

So life in a favela.

Now it's important to remember that not everyone in the business district has a high paying job and lives in a fancy flat, and not everybody in the favelas doesn't go to school or doesn't have access to healthcare.

Even within those parts of the cities, the experiences can be very, very different, but these are just some of the features of those different parts of Rio de Janeiro.

Now, my final challenge for you today team is to see if you can finish these sentences.

So if you lived in Rio de Janeiro, how might your life be different depending on which part of the city you lived in? So I've got some sentence starters, and I want you to have a go at finishing these sentences.

So in Rio de Janeiro, there is not enough housing for all of the residents because.

So have a think.

Why are there not enough houses in the city for all of the people? Some people in richer areas live in, and I want you to describe maybe some of the houses or apartments we've seen.

And some people in poorer areas live in, and I want you to describe those communities.

So pause the video now and see if you can finish off these sentences.

Okay, well done, everybody, well done for writing your sentences.

Hopefully you've got your answers written down.

I'm going to show you my answers.

So you can see if you came up with similar things.

So these were how I finished the sentences.

In Rio de Janeiro, there is not enough housing for all of the residents because more people are coming to the city to find work, and there are not always enough houses for people to live in.

Some people in the richer areas live in tall apartment buildings with strict security, and some people in poorer areas live in favelas on the hillsides, on the edge of the city.

So if your answer looks like this, you can give yourself a tick.

If there is anything that you want to add to your answer, you can do so now.

Okay, everybody well done, you amazing geographers, for all of your hard work today.

We've covered a lot of different bits of information and you've done really, really well.

Now, the last thing that you're going to do when you finish watching the video is complete your end of lesson quiz to see how much you can remember.

Now, if you enjoyed our lesson today, and you're really proud of the work that you've done, you could share your work with Oak National by asking a parent or carer to take a photo of the work that you've done and upload it to social media, tagging @OakNational, with the hashtag #LearnwithOak.

That way, some of your teachers might be able to see the wonderful work that you've been doing at home.

So, well done everybody for your hard work today, and we're going to continue our learning about Brazil next time.

I will see you then.