Lesson video

Hello, Mrs. Lomas here.

I am a primary school teacher that loves geography.

So I'm very excited to be sharing your geography lesson with you today.

So let's find out what we're learning today, shall we? Today, we're going to be looking at change in our local area as part of our settlements.

Where do people live and why unit.

And by the end of today, you'll be able to use old ordinance survey maps and photographs to identify some changes in your local area.

We have some key words in today's lesson.

They are change, development, comparison and annotate.

So let's do some my turn, your turn.

Shall we? Change.

Development.

Comparison.

Annotate.

Well done.

Let's see what those words mean, shall we? Change is when something becomes different to how it was.

Development is when something changes, usually an improvement.

A comparison is the identification of similarities or differences between two or more things.

To annotate is to add text or notes that provide additional information on a map or image.

So, keep an eye out for those words in today's lesson.

Today's lesson is split into three parts.

We have settlement change over time, using photographic evidence of settlement change, and using mapping evidence of settlement change.

And we are gonna start now with settlement change over time.

We know that settlements start for different reasons and we have looked at some of the factors that encourage early settlers to settle in a place.

In this lesson, we will explore how settlements once established change over time.

So here we can see the settlement of Ailsbury, and this is from the 1800s.

And then the same settlement from the 1900s, and then the same settlement from today.

So, once established, all settlements change over time as we just saw, didn't we? In those three maps.

Some can grow rapidly, and some more slowly.

Some settlements don't grow at all, and they decline or they get smaller.

And development may include new roads, railway lines, homes and other buildings.

This is Cramlington, a town in Northumberland in the Northeast of England.

We will be investigating changes to this settlement 'cause it is my local settlement.

But, has Cramlington always been the town and has it always had the same level of facilities and services? To find out how our settlement has changed over time, we need to become historical detectives.

We will use old maps and photographs to help us investigate how Cramlington has changed.

Today, Cramlington would be classed as a medium sized town.

30,000 people live here, and there are many homes, schools, shops, and facilities for all of those residents.

So let's do a little check.

What type of settlement is Cramlington today? A, a village.

B, a town C, a city.

I want you to choose what type of settlement is Cramlington today? A.

A village, B, A town or C, a city.

Pause the video here, collect your answers and come back as a class.

How did you get on? If you said that Cramlington was B, a town you would be correct.

Well done.

Here we can see a bar chart showing the population of Remington from 1801 all the way up to the last census in 2021, when there were over 30,000 people living there.

What trend or pattern can we see as we read the chart from 1800 through to the 2000s? Pause the video, have a class discussion and come back when you're ready.

It is an upward or an increasing trend, isn't it? And what happens to the height of the bars? Again, pause the video, have a class discussion, come back and check when you're ready.

So what's happened to the bars? They generally increase in height, don't they? There might be a couple here or there that don't, but generally over time they do increase.

So what does that mean about the population change over time? Pause the video, have a discussion, come back when you are ready.

So it means, doesn't it that the population of Cramlington has increased dramatically? What could we say about the change in the type of settlement that has occurred do you think, looking at this population bar chart? Pause the video, have a class discussion, come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? In 1801, Cramlington only had a population of 271 so it could be considered a hamlet.

However, it's grown to a village, and into a town today, hasn't it? what has happened to the population of Cramlington since 1801? A, it has increased.

B, it has stayed the same, or C, it has decreased.

So I want you to let me know what has happened to the population of Cramlington since 1801.

A, it has increased.

B, it has stayed the same or C, it has decreased.

Pause the video, collect your answers as a class, and come back when you're ready to check the answer.

How did you get on? If you said that the population of Cramlington has increased, so A, you would be correct.

Well done.

So let's first look at some information about the people who lived in Cramlington.

So as the population of Cramlington grew, so did the need for housing.

So let's have a look at the table we have in front of us here.

If we look at the first column of this table, it shows us the years from 1831 up to 1901.

This is a period of 70 years.

Do you notice anything about the interval between each year? They are in 10 year intervals.

This is because every 10 years the government undertakes a census of the population.

This information is recorded and kept for many years.

This table shows the number of homes in the parish of Cramlington based on this census data.

Look at the recorded number of houses in Cramlington over the century from 1801 to 1901.

What happened to the number of houses? They increased over 1000, didn't they? Okay.

And we can see that very clearly from this table here.

So, let's do a little check, shall we? True or false? The settlement of Cramlington has not changed in the last 200 years.

I want you to decide if that is true or false.

Pause the video, have a go, and then come back and check your answer.

How did you get on? If you said that it's false, you would be correct.

Now, I want you to have a go at justifying your answer using either a, many more people live there now and there are lots more houses.

Or B, the same number of people live there and there are the same number of houses.

So I want you to justify your answer using either a, many more people live there now and there are lots more houses.

Or B, the same number of people live there and there are the same number of houses.

Pause the video, have a go and come back when you are ready.

How did you get on? If you said that A, many more people live there now and there are lots more houses, you would be correct.

Well done.

Okay, so let's have a look at task A shall we? Where you're going to read the text and select the correct missing word.

So your missing words you have are increase, population and housing, changed, Hamlet and town.

So let's have a look.

Cramlington has over time, we know this by looking at the data.

There has been an in the number of houses and people in Cramlington.

Cramlington was the size of a in 1801 and is now the size of a.

So have a go reading the text and filling in the missing words.

Pause the video, and when you're ready to check your answers come back.

How did you get on? Let's have a look at the answers, shall we? Cramlington has changed over time.

We know this by looking at the population and housing data.

There has been an increase in the number of houses and people in Cramlington.

Cramlington was the size of a hamlet in 1801 and is now the size of a town.

Pause the video here if you need to make any corrections to your task.

And when you are ready, come back for the next part of the lesson.

This is a photo of Remington taken in 2023.

Which buildings or features do you recognise in this photograph? Can you name them? Pause the video, and have a look at the photograph and see what features you can find.

And then come back when you're ready and we'll have a go at labelling together there.

How did you get on? Let's see if I got the same ones you did, shall we? So there's a shopping centre, there's a restaurant, there's a car park, there are two pubs, there's a church and a churchyard.

There's lots of houses, and there's a supermarket.

There are some restaurants, there's some woodland and some shops and there's a road.

There are lots of roads and roundabouts in this photograph, isn't there as well? Which of these features do you think would've been there 100 years ago? Pause the video, have a discussion, come back and we'll have a look.

How did you get on? This is an aerial photograph taken of Cramlington in 1923, 100 years before the previous slide and almost exactly from the same location.

Do you recognise any buildings or features in this photo? Pause the video, have a look, and then come back and we'll put our labels together.

How did you get on? Let's see what we found, shall we? So here's the church and the churchyard, and here's the woodland, and the homes, and the road.

And that's it, isn't it? So there are some things that are the same, but there are a lot of things that are different.

So, which features were in both the 1923 and the 2023 images? Pause the video, have a little think and come back and we'll check the answers.

So how did you get on? St.

Nicholas's Church and the church yard.

Some of the buildings and houses still look the same, but it is quite hard to see.

There's the woodland, and the road passing through Cramlington.

And what was different? Again, pause the video, have a class discussion and come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? There was no shopping centre or car park, was there? There are fewer houses in this photograph, and there's more open space or undeveloped land in this photo.

Because this photo is an aerial view, it's hard to see buildings and places close up.

So let's look at some old photographs from street level.

Here are two photographs taken at two different locations in Cramlington at different times.

And you can see where on the map there as well.

We are going to visit them to take a comparison photo from exactly the same place as the original photographer.

We will be taking large copies of the photographs, the map showing their location, and a tablet or camera to take our own photographs.

Now it's time for task B.

You are going to become historical detectives.

Using a magnifying glass, look carefully at each pair of photos.

The photograph on the left is the old photo and the one on the right is the new photo.

You are going to play spot the difference between each pair of images, and then place spot the similarity.

When you are playing spot the difference, annotate the photographs by circling a difference in red.

And then when you are playing spot the similarity, circle the similarities in blue.

Pause the video, have a go, and when you've done, come back and we'll have a look together.

How did you get on? So let's have a look at the first location.

On the left is an old photo of Cramlington Village showing the parish church, the British Legion Club, the War memorial and shops.

And this was taken in 1968, 55 years ago.

So let's have a look, shall we at the first location? Let's look through this.

And here are similarities first.

So we've got the War Memorial and this was unveiled on the 17th of September, 1922, and will be in both photographs.

St.

Nicholas's Church, this was built in 1868.

The buildings along Church Street, and the Willow tree.

Okay, how about differences? So these are things that we can see either are there or aren't there anymore in 2023.

Well, the post box and telephone box are not in this location anymore.

And although the buildings are still there, their purpose is different.

In 1968, they were shops and a British Legion club, today, there is a hairdressers, a vets, a pub, and a barbers.

All the bushes, shrubs, an ornamental wall around the War Memorial have been removed.

There is a new flagpole next to the War Memorial.

This lamppost has been removed, and there are new benches around the War memorial as well.

How did you get on? If you missed any, please do annotate them on your photograph as we go along.

Well done.

So we've looked at settlement change over time using photographic evidence of settlement.

And now we're going to use mapping evidence of settlement change.

Now that we've looked at the population data and old photographs, we can now see how Cramlington has developed on a map.

This map shows Cramlington in the 1890s.

This map is in black and white and so roads are not differentiated.

Which features can you see on this map? Pause the video and have a closer look.

So we can see symbols marked on the map for St.

Nicholas's Church.

There's an inn or a pub here, a Smithy, which is a blacksmith workshop.

A few buildings, as well as roads which follow the same routes as the A roads on the 1950s and modern map, and the railway and station still exist, although the station is no longer inside the town.

This map is of Cramlington in the 1950s.

The scale of this map is the same as the 1890s map.

However, while the scale is the same, the size of Cramlington is not.

Look how the developed area of Cramlington has grown.

Have a look at how it is different from the 1890s map.

Pause the video, collect your ideas, and come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? Did you spot that there are now a roads which are marked in red in addition to the railway line and station? Settlement follows the road.

Most of the area around Cramlington Village is still completely undeveloped.

Using the map key, we can see that St.

Nicholas's church with a tower is marked as are two other churches.

And finally, this is a modern map of Cramlington.

Look at how much the settlement has grown.

What features can you identify on this current map of Cramlington? Pause the video, and come back when you're ready.

What features did you manage to spot? There are quite a lot on there.

There are primary green roads bordering the town, pink A roads and yellow B roads connecting all parts of the town.

There is a railway line with a station on the west side of Cramlington.

And each large housing estate is named.

There are 10 schools, there is a large industrial estate in the Northwest, and there is a large hospital to the Southeast.

So let's have a little check.

I want you to tell me if this is true or false.

The settlement of Cramlington has changed and grown over time.

True or false? So you're going to tell me if this is true or false.

The settlement of Cramlington has changed and grown over time.

Pause the video, collect your answers, and come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? Hopefully, you said that that was true.

And now I want you to try and justify your answer using either A, in the past 100 years, more houses, services, and roads have developed.

Or B, the same buildings can be found on all historical maps.

For example, St.

Nicholas's Church.

So I want you to justify your answer using either A, in the past 100 years, more houses, services, and roads have developed.

Or B, the same buildings can be found on all historical maps, for example, St.

Nicholas's Church.

Pause the video, collect your answers, and come back to check.

How did you get on? If you said that it's because A, in the past 100 years, more houses, services and roads have developed.

You would be correct.

Well done.

Okay, you've done so well, I think it's ready for your third task or I think you are ready for your third task even.

You are going to annotate each map by writing a summary of its features.

Okay? So you've got each map down the left hand side and you're going to do your writing on the right hand side.

And here's some key vocabulary for you to help.

You might want to use words such as features, roads, railway line, railway station, developed, houses, buildings, town, village, hamlet, industrial estate.

So you're going to annotate each map by writing a summary of its features, okay? And think how Cramlington has changed over time.

Pause the video, have a go and then come back and we'll have a look at one I've done.

How did you get on? So for the oldest map I said Cramlington in the 1890s.

100 years ago, Cramlington was a hamlet with only a few buildings and homes.

There was a blacksmiths, a pub and church.

Few people lived there and they would have had to travel to access other services.

How did you do? I'm sure you've probably added in some extra information as well, but if there's anything that you think you actually, oh, I wish I'd put that in, Now's your chance to just add it in.

And the next map, Cramlington in the 1950s.

So over 60 years ago, Cramlington had developed into a small settlement.

It was connected by A roads and a railway line, but there was still no large housing estates or services.

Development was concentrated along the main road, and Cramlington was a village in the 1950s.

So again, if there's anything you want to add in, please do that now.

And finally, Cramlington in 2023.

Cramlington has grown into a medium sized town.

It is well connected by primary roads and a railway station.

It has many services and facilities, including schools, a hospital, a shopping centre, an industrial park, and many housing estates.

Again, if there's anything you want to add in, please do that now.

Okay, that's all for today.

So let's have a look at a summary about change in our local area.

So, all settlements change over time.

Development may include new roads, railway lines, homes and other buildings.

comparing old and modern photographs, and maps of local streets and buildings reveal how they have changed.

And geographies, annotate maps and photographs to add extra information.

And you've got an example of an 1800s map and a modern day map there as well, haven't you? Well done everybody.

I really enjoyed today's lesson.

I really loved looking at the old maps, and comparing them with the modern maps.

So even historians need to know some geography to help them do their job.

Just like we need to know some history to help us do our job as geographers.

Just don't tell the historians that they get a little bit grumpy If you suggest they might be geography.

Don't forget to do the exit quiz just to see if there's anything you need to have a little bit of a recap on before next lesson.

And I will see you soon.

Bye.