Lesson video

Hello everyone and welcome to our next geography lesson.

I'm Miss Harrison.

And this is going to be our final lesson in the unit of the geography of South America.

Now, so far in our geography learning, we have looked at the different physical and human features that can be found throughout the vast continent of South America.

And we have zoomed in on the country of Chile.

And last week we looked at the different human and physical geographical features we can find in Chile as well as the natural resources that are in Chile.

Today, we're going to put that learning together with what we also know about the United Kingdom.

And we're going to be comparing the country of Chile to our country, which is the United Kingdom and looking for those similarities and those differences.

Now, before we begin, you might have noticed that I am somewhere different today.

And I have been transported to Patagonia, which is the very Southern most part of Chile.

And it's a place that we looked at where there are lots of different mountains and lakes and glaciers.

Now we're going to be comparing those to some of the physical features found in the UK today.

So let's get going.

So today we're going to be thinking about the question, how are Chile and the UK similar or different? And within our lesson today, we're going to recap those seven continents of the world.

I know you guys are going to be experts by now.

We're going to think about where we can find Chile and the UK on our world map.

We're going to look at those human features in both countries and what is similar about them and what is different about them, as well as the physical features in both Chile and the UK.

Again, we're going to look at the similarities and the differences.

And then finally, we're going to look at how land is used and which natural resources can be found in both Chile and the UK.

So for our lesson today, you will need your pencil and paper as usual to write down your notes, and your amazing geography brain which should be nice and warmed up after our lessons so far this unit.

So first challenge of the lesson.

Can you remember those seven continents of the world? Now, again, I've made it a little bit trickier for you because I've put them in a different order today.

So have a look closely at the shape of the continent and see if you can write down which continent it is.

Pause the video now and see if you can write all of those down.

Okay.

Let's get ready to Mark our work and see if we have got those correct.

So our first continent, continent A we had Africa.

The next step we had, Antarctica, then North America, continent D we had Australia, that continent E we had Europe, followed by continent F, Asia, and then continent G, South America.

Which is what we've been focusing on throughout this unit.

If you've got all of those right, give yourself a big Pat on the back and give yourself a big tick for each one.

If you didn't get them right today, that's okay, you can correct the ones that you need to know so that you can remember them for next time.

So now that we know those seven continents that we find on earth, we now need to be able to find Chile and the United Kingdom.

So here's our world map of all of those different continents.

Which continents do we need to zoom in on to find Chile or the United Kingdom? Have a look and point to the continents that we need on your screen.

Let's check if you are right.

So we need to zoom in on South America, which is where we will find Chile and Europe, which is where we will find the United Kingdom.

Okay.

So looking a little bit closer to them, here we can see maps of the continents of South America and the UK.

Take a quick speedy peak and see if you can point on the screen to where we can find Chile and the UK.

Have a look.

Well done if you managed to spot them.

So we have Chile over here in the Southern most point of South America.

And then within the continent of Europe, we can find a UK here.

Fantastic.

Well done if you manage to spot those.

So let's first think about the human geographical features that might be similar or different between Chile and the UK.

So remember team that the human features are things that are either created by humans, built by humans or used by humans.

Okay? So it's not something that occurs naturally.

It's something relating to the behaviour of humans.

So let's look and compare the human geography of Chile to the human geography of the UK.

So first of all, we can think about the population.

That means how many people live in each country.

So the population of Chile is 19.

1 million.

So there are 19.

1 million people that live in Chile.

Whereas in the UK, the population is 67.

8 million.

That's a lot more.

Now this is interesting because Chile as a country that we saw last week is longer and there's a lot more miles from North to South than there is in the UK.

But there are a lot less people that live there.

So within the UK, the population is more dense.

That means that there are more people living in a smaller area of land, whereas Chile has got a larger area of land, but less people living in it.

So that's something that's slightly different between the two countries.

The main language in Chile, that's spoken is Spanish, whereas in the UK, our main language that we speak is English.

And the capital city of Chile is Santiago, whereas the capital of the UK is London.

Now let's zoom in on those capital cities to see if we can spot any similarities or differences between them.

So Santiago, that you can see on the left hand side, and then we've got London on the right hand side.

Just from the pictures, what can you notice that might be similar or might be different? Have a close look.

What are those similarities or differences that we might be able to spot already? Now you might have noticed, the one thing that I noticed that lots of the buildings look quite similar in Santiago and in London.

And they share quite a lot of similar human features like office buildings or tall apartment blocks and blocks of flats and houses, things like schools and shops and universities, as well as lots of different transport networks.

There are lots of human features that both of those cities have in common.

One thing that's different between the two cities and is again the population, the numbers of people that live there.

So Santiago has a population of 6.

7 million people, whereas London has a population of over 9 million people.

So again, there are slightly more people that live in London than there are in Santiago.

So that's something that's different, but then we've also got a lot of similarities between those two capital cities.

Now, if we have a look at some different human features that we can see throughout Chile and the UK, we might look at some different places where people might live.

So in both Chile and the UK, people don't always live in cities.

There are lots of smaller towns and villages where people live.

So both Chile and the UK have loads of different human settlements of different sizes.

So for example, last lesson, we looked at the town of San Pedro de Atacama, which is a smaller town within the desert region of the North of Chile.

And here you can also see in your other picture, the village of Easdale in Scotland, which is actually on one of the Scottish islands in the very North of the UK.

And that's again, a smaller place and where fewer people would live.

So even though the architecture, that's the kind of shape and size of the buildings might be slightly different between towns and villages in Chile or the UK, but the one thing that they have in common is that there are lots of different places that different people live in both countries.

And those kinds of buildings and the kind of shape and look at the cities or towns or villages often depends on the landscape.

So you can see that San Pedro is in a very dry area and that you can see in the way that the city looks or the way the town looks, whereas Easdale, and in Scotland, you can see that it's near the water and there's some clips in the background.

So that also has an impact on how the city or town or village appears.

So some similarities there, and some differences between those different human settlements within Chile and the UK.

So now let's have a look at some physical features.

We're going to think about how the physical geographical features are similar or different between Chile and the UK.

So let's start by comparing some of those key points.

So we can see, just in the size of the country, that there is already a slight difference.

So Chile goes from 2,700 miles from the North of the country to the South of the country.

So very, very long country that covers a lot of land.

Whereas the UK is only 600 miles from North to South.

So that's one difference that we can write down already and we can think about.

Now in Chile, there's a huge variation in the climate.

And that means that the weather is very different in different parts of the country.

And that's simply because it's such a long distance between some different areas.

So for example, the North of Chile is very dry and it's where the desert is.

Whereas the South of Chile and can be very cold and very snowy because it's further towards Antarctica.

Whereas in the UK, the climate doesn't change that much across the country.

There might be slightly different weather.

It might be slightly warmer in one area of the UK than another, but it doesn't change that much.

It's not like having a desert and then having snowy mountains.

So the climate in the UK doesn't change as much.

And we can think about the rainfall that each country receives.

So for example, in Chile, it's got an arid desert region in the top where in the North of the country where it doesn't rain very often.

Whereas in the UK, it rains quite a lot.

And the rainfall is quite consistent all over lots of parts of the country.

So there's no desert here in the UK.

So let's focus in on some of those key geographical features and the physical features that both countries have in common, or that are slightly different.

One thing that both countries have is mountains.

So we've got the Andes mountain range within South America, which goes all the way from the South of Chile to the North, and it continues through other South American countries.

But we also have mountain ranges here in the UK.

So we've got, for example, Ben Nevis in the Scottish Highlands.

We also have mountains in Wales like Mount Snowdon and in England, and for example, Scafell Pike in the North of England.

However, the mountains in Chile are generally taller than those found in the UK.

So the tallest peak in Chile, which is the Ojos Del Salado which is a volcano we looked at last week, that's the tallest peak, and it is 6,893 metres tall.

Whereas the Nevis, the tallest peak in the UK is only 1,344 metres.

So the height of the mountains is different between those two countries.

Another thing that both Chile and the UK have is lakes.

So both of them have lakes.

Although the lakes in Chile is sometimes very, very high up.

Which means that they can be a lot colder in Chile than the lakes are here in the UK.

Now, one big difference is that we don't have any volcanoes in the UK and we don't have any deserts in the UK, whereas we do in Chile.

So for example the Atacama desert in the North of Chile and is a huge very dry arid landscape.

And we don't have that kind of landscape here in the UK.

In addition to that, there were lots of volcanoes within Chile.

There are 620 volcanoes in Chile, whereas in the UK, we don't have any.

So now we've had to think about those physical and human geographical features.

I want you to just make some notes or some differences or some similarities that you have noticed.

You go back through the video to check any of that information.

If you need to, pause the video now to do that.

Okay.

And now we're going to move on to thinking about the natural resources.

So how are the natural resources similar or different in Chile and the UK? So let's have a look at the different things that occur naturally within each of those countries.

Let's compare them.

So in Chile, you have precious metals like copper, which are found under the ground.

Now in the UK, that's slightly different because the UK has resources like coal, oil and gas, which can be found underground.

So that's slightly different.

In Chile, they grow lots of crops, such as grapes, avocados and olives.

In the UK, we also grow lots of different crops like fruits and vegetables as well as wheat, potatoes and oats.

So both countries can grow different things and that the products and the actual fruits and vegetables might be different.

And in Chile, they have natural gas reserves and in the UK, they have limestone and iron ore.

So more things that can be dug out of the ground.

So there were some things that both countries can produce or have as part of their territory.

And there was some things that are slightly different.

One thing, and that both countries have as an industry is mining.

Now in Chile, mining is still a huge business, and it's a huge source of income for the country and mining things like copper, as you can see an example of a copper mine there.

In the UK, and coal mining used to be really, really common a few years ago.

However, within the last 50 years, and it started to decline and as people are using less coal and more renewable energy instead.

But both countries, both have a history of mining different materials out of the ground.

Then we have growing crops.

As I said before, both countries are able to grow different crops and different fruits and vegetables.

However, the fruits and vegetables that they grow are slightly different.

For example, in Chile, the climate is better for growing things like grapes and avocados, which don't grow as well in the UK because in general, it's colder in the UK than some of the parts of Chile.

And the UK also has a lot of different crops like grains and wheat and oats as well.

And then we have natural gas and oil.

So we talked last week about how Chile can extract natural gas from underneath the sea.

And that's similar to the way that the UK extract oil from under the sea.

So within both of the territories of those countries, they have those resources available and they can extract them and then sell them to use as few things like petrol and or using natural gas as few as well.

So that was loads of information that we've covered in our lesson today.

And your brains must be absolutely full with all of that geographical knowledge.

You're now going to put your knowledge into practise.

So your final challenge of today is to make a poster comparing Chile and the UK.

I'd like you to include the human features like the population of each country, the different kinds of human settlements, as well as the physical features like the mountains or the lakes that can be found in each country and the natural resources that each country has, like the different crops they can grow.

Now you can use the information that you have learned in our lesson, You can rewind the video and to go back and listen or look at some of those different pieces of information.

And you can decorate your poster with drawings, maybe of the different physical features or the different crops that are grown in each country to make your poster really informative and really eye-catching as well.

So well done for your hard work today team.

This is your final challenge.

So pause the video.

Now you can rewind to get any more information as you go, and have a go at that challenge.

Here are some sentence starters that might help you.

So you're thinking about the main human features, the main physical features and the natural resources.

Have a go at making your posts now.

Okay.

Awesome work everybody.

Well done with your hard work today.

If you are super proud of the work that you've done today, and you want to share that with the Oak National Team, maybe you want to share a photo of your poster comparing Chile and the UK, then you can ask a parent or carer to take a photo of it and share it on social media tagging @Oaknational and using the hashtag #LearnwithOak.

That way some of your teachers might be able to see your amazing work that you're producing at home.

So we've learnt so much in this unit and well done for working so hard.

There was a lot of information to get in about the exciting continent of South America.

I hope you've enjoyed it, and I will be back with some other geography units later in your learning.

So you might be seeing me again.

Well done for your hard work everybody, and I will see you soon.